DNA Microarray Replication Richard M. Crooks, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry.

DNA Microarray ReplicationDNA Microarray Replication

Richard M. Crooks, Ph.D.Richard M. Crooks, Ph.D.

Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBiochemistry

Opportunities and challengesOpportunities and challenges

DNA microarrays have broad applications.DNA microarrays have broad applications.• Disease diagnosisDisease diagnosis• Homeland SecurityHomeland Security• Drug discovery researchDrug discovery research

The DNA microarray market is limited.The DNA microarray market is limited.• ~$0.6 billion in annual sales~$0.6 billion in annual sales• 6.7% annual growth6.7% annual growth• Growth potential is high, could reach >$5 billion by Growth potential is high, could reach >$5 billion by

2010.2010. Drivers for market expansion:Drivers for market expansion:

• Lower pricesLower prices• Greater production potentialGreater production potential• Expanded usesExpanded uses

MarketResearch.com; Frost and SullivanMarketResearch.com; Frost and Sullivan

How do microarrays work?How do microarrays work?

DNA microarrays DNA microarrays allow up to 1,000,000 allow up to 1,000,000 genetic elements to genetic elements to be analyzed be analyzed simultaneously.simultaneously.

Custom content to Custom content to address:address:• Different organismsDifferent organisms

• Different diseasesDifferent diseases

Normalized, parallel, Normalized, parallel, and rapid resultsand rapid results

Our solutionOur solution

DNA microarrays lend themselves to DNA microarrays lend themselves to duplication.duplication.• Unique DNA samples are in fixed locations in Unique DNA samples are in fixed locations in

array.array.

• DNA template process allows faithful replication.DNA template process allows faithful replication.

Molecular XerographyMolecular Xerography• Investment of costs is in precise master array.Investment of costs is in precise master array.

• Copies are faithfully reproduced, in content and Copies are faithfully reproduced, in content and spatial register from master.spatial register from master.

• Many copies are cheaply prepared from a single Many copies are cheaply prepared from a single master array.master array.

Technology overviewTechnology overview

A single master DNA microarray is created.A single master DNA microarray is created. The master array is exposed to a solution of The master array is exposed to a solution of

complementary DNA primers.complementary DNA primers. The primers hybridize to all DNA strands on the The primers hybridize to all DNA strands on the

master.master. The primers are enzymatically extended to copy master The primers are enzymatically extended to copy master

content.content. A replica surface is brought into contact with the A replica surface is brought into contact with the

master.master. The replica surface is mechanically removed, The replica surface is mechanically removed,

separating the master from the complementary assay separating the master from the complementary assay array.array.

The master array is ready to repeat copying procedure.The master array is ready to repeat copying procedure.

Xerographic replication of DNA Xerographic replication of DNA microarrays microarrays

ReplicaStreptavidin

Biotin

Contact andsurface reaction

c

Master

Master

bPrimer

annealing

Extension

Separation

dReplica

a

Master

ssDNA

BenefitsBenefits

Broadly applicable to all array formatsBroadly applicable to all array formats Disruptive technology with potential to:Disruptive technology with potential to:

• Dramatically reduce costs of arrays (up to 80%)Dramatically reduce costs of arrays (up to 80%)

• Increase production potential of arraysIncrease production potential of arrays

• Expand availability, use and marketExpand availability, use and market

Satisfies increasing demand for DNA Satisfies increasing demand for DNA microarrays in diagnostic, medical, and microarrays in diagnostic, medical, and academic sectors academic sectors

U.S. provisional patent filed covering U.S. provisional patent filed covering technologytechnology