Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli, Ph.D. 10 February 2015 from 12.45 p.m. to 2:15 p.m 9910744340 [email protected] UGC-Academic Staff College 01 st 3-week Refresher course in Disaster Management (ID) from 09 February to 02 March 2015
Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli, Ph.D.10 February 2015 from 12.45 p.m. to 2:15 p.m
9910744340 [email protected]
UGC-Academic Staff College01st 3-week Refresher course in Disaster Management (ID) from 09 February to 02 March 2015
I. CHARACTER. Honesty, integrity, truth, health,
helpful, kindness, well wisher, positive, being good, cooperative, constructive, moral, ethical, honorable, upright, fair, sincere, humble, virtuous,
II. HARDWORK. Action, active, doing, proactive,
industrious, zeal, laborious, conscientious, diligent, persevere, perform, change agent,
III.KNOWLEDGE. Learning, awareness, reading, study,
information, understanding, comprehension, education, expertise, grasp, facts, insight, grasp, observation, scholarship, theory, proficiency
DISASTER
DISASTER alphabetically means-
D – Destructions
I – Incidents
S – Sufferings
A – Administrative
S – Sentiments
T – Tragedies
E – Eruption of Communicable Diseases
R – Research programme and its Implementation
DEFINATION“a sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life” (Oxford dictionary)
“a catastrophic, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made cause, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area” (Disaster Management Act 2005)
A Disaster is an event or series of events, which gives rise to casualties and damage or loss of properties, infrastructure, environment, essential services or means of livelihood on such a scale which is beyond the normal capacity of the affected community to cope with.
DEFINITION OF DISASTER
A disaster is a natural or man-made
hazard resulting in an event of
substantial extent causing significant
physical damage or destruction, loss of
life, or drastic change to
the environment.
Disaster = 𝒗𝒖𝒍𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚+𝒉𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒓𝒅
𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
DISASTER dimensions– Disruption to normal pattern of life, usually
severe and may also be sudden, unexpected
and widespread
– Human effects like loss of life, injury, hardship
and adverse effect on health
– Effect on social infrastructure such as
destruction of or damage to government
systems, buildings, communications and
essential services
– Community needs such shelter, food,clothing, medical assistance and social care.
Impact of Disasters
• Direct effects include deaths, injuries and physical damage.
• Secondary disaster impacts such as releasing fire or hazardous material that is triggered by disasters.
• Indirect impacts include the ripple effect resulting from the flow of goods, services, unemployment etc.
GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER
LOSS OF LIFE.
INJURY, ILLNESS, DISEASE
DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY.
DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PRODUCTION.
DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE.
LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD.
DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES.
DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE.
DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS.
NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS.
SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER EFFECT.
ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION
CHARACTERISTIC OF DISASTER
• Predictability • Controllability• Speed of onset• Length of
forewarning• Duration of impact• Scope and intensity of
impact
TYPES OF DISASTER
Natural Disasters
Meteorological
Topographical
Environmental
Man-made Disasters
Technological
Industrial accidents
Security related
Disasters occur in varied forms
•Some are predictable in advance•Some are annual or seasonal•Some are sudden and unpredictable
Floods Days and weeksEarthquakes Seconds/minutesCyclones DaysDroughts Months
NATURAL DISASTER
• A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural calamity affects humans and/or the built environment.
• Various disasters like earthquake, landslides, volcanic eruptions, flood and cyclones are natural hazards
MAN MADE DISASTER
• Airplane crashes and terrorist attacks are examples of man-made disasters.
• they cause pollution, kill people, and damage property.
Why is this important?
Natural disasters are important, because they don’t only effect buildings and land, they affect human beings. They can severely injure or kill. They tare families apart.
Natural disasters caused the death of 295,000 people in 2010
Who is effected?Natural disasters can effect everyone,
everywhere. Even if it didn’t happen in your state or area, the cost effects the nation as a whole.
In 2009, natural disasters cost insurers about $110 billion. In 2010, the cost was double that, at $218 billion.
The Effects
10,000 people have died in Japan’s latest Tsunami/earthquake
Katrina caused about $81 billion dollars in property damage
alone
80% of New Orleans was
flooded, with some parts under
15 feet of water. total property
damage was estimated at $81
billion
There were about 454,000
living in metropolitan New
Orleans in 2001. Only this
year has New Orleans
recently surpassed 350,000
citizens.
• Many organizations that
are based around helping,
supporting, and rescuing
victims, are places that
you can donate to and
where they raise money.
How to Prevent• Natural disaster are something that can
not be stopped, or prevented, but we can do some thing's before and after disasters to help reduce the amount of trauma caused by these disasters.
Ways to Help:
• Donate to organizations that deal with natural disaster relief
• Volunteer with these organizations
• Help rebuild cities
The Aftermath• Natural disasters don't just create
damage when it hits. The effects after can be worse. Many of them can cause lose ground, creating landslides. Some can start fires in your homes, also it can cause the loss of everything you know.
Distinction between Hazard and Disaster :
“A hazard is a natural event while the disasteris its consequence. A hazard is a perceivednatural event which threatens both life andproperty….a disaster is a realization of thishazard…”
– John Whittow, Disaster. 1980
Water and Climate related disasters• Floods and Drainage Management
• Cyclones
• Tornadoes and Hurricanes
• Hailstorm
• Cloud Burst
• Heat Wave and Cold Wave
• Snow Avalanches
• Droughts
• Sea Erosion
• Thunder & Lightning
• Tsunami
Geologically related disasters
• Landslides and Mudflows
• Earthquakes
• Dam Failures/ Dam Bursts.
• Mine Fires
Earthquake
Chemical, Industrial & Nuclear related disasters
• Chemical and Industrial Disasters
• Nuclear Disasters
Accident related disasters• Forest Fires
• Urban Fires
• Mine Flooding
• Oil Spill
• Major Building Collapse
• Serial Bomb Blasts
• Festival related disasters
• Electrical Disasters & Fires
• Air, Road and Rail Accidents.
• Boat Capsizing.
• Village Fire
Biologically related disasters
• Biological Disasters and Epidemics
• Pest Attacks
• Cattle Epidemics
• Food Poisoning
Manmade Disasters
• Urban fires • Village fire • Mine fires• Air, road and rail accidents• Boat capsizing • Electrical disasters • Chemical and industrial
disasters• Nuclear disasters• Mine flooding• Oil spill• Major building collapse• Serial bomb blasts• Festival related disasters
civil strife
communal violence
internal conflict,
“complex emergencies”
rapid or slow onset types
COMPLEX DISASTERSurbanisation chaotic growth
policy disasters
war and civil strife
Social violence
DISASTER MANAGEMENTThe body of policy and administration decisions and
operational activities that pertain to various stages
of a disaster at all levels.
An applied science which seek, by systematic
observation and analysis of disasters, to improve
measures relating to prevention, mitigation,
preparedness, emergency response and recovery.
Encompass all aspects of planning for and
responding to disasters, including both pre and post
disaster activities.
... Contd.
a continuous and integrated process of planning, organising, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for:
(i) Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;
(ii) Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences;
(iii) Capacity-building;
(iv) Preparedness to deal with any disaster;
(v) Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster;
(vi) Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster; evacuation, rescue and relief;
(vii) Rehabilitation and reconstruction;
(Disaster Management Act, 2005)
The traditional approach to disaster management has been to regard it as a number of phased sequences of action or a continuum.
These can be represented as a disaster management cycle.
The basic disaster management cycle consists of six main activities.
• Prevention
• Mitigation
• Preparedness
• Response
• Rehabilitation
• Reconstruction
Six elements that defines the complete approach to
Disaster Management.
DISASTER MANGEMENT CYCLE
1. DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS• Planning
2. PERSONAL MITIGATION• Structural measures
• Non-structural measures
3. RESPONSE• Search
• Rescue
• Fulfilling humanitarian needs
4. RECOVERY• Bring affected area and people back
to normal
PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government
• Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose.
• Organizations should function as an extension of their core business
• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
• Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.
Contd….
• Disaster management planning should recognize the difference between incidents and disasters.
• Disaster management operational arrangements are additional to and do not replace incident management operational arrangements
• Disaster management planning must take account of the type of physical environment and the structure of the population.
• Disaster management arrangements must recognise the involvement and potential role of non- government agencies.
Integrated
Disaster
Management
Prepared-
ness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
Activities prior to a disaster.• Preparedness plans• Emergency exercises• Training,• Warning systems
Activities that reduce effects of disasters• Building codes &
zoning• Vulnerability
analyses• Public education
Activities following a disaster.• Temporary housing• Claims processing• Grants• Medical care
Activities during a disaster.• Public warning
systems• Emergency
operations• Search & rescue
PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster impact
Disaster Response
Rehabilitation
Disaster Mitigation
Disaster Preparedness
• It involves measures to ensure that communities and services are capable of coping with the effect of disaster.
Disaster preparedness
Preparedness should be in the form of money, manpower and materials
• Evaluation from past experiences about risk • Location of disaster prone areas • Organization of communication, information and
warning system • Ensuring co-ordination and response
mechanisms • Development of public education programme • Co-ordination with media • National & international relations • Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential
commodities.
E.g.: Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing. It has 5 centres in Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Vishakapatanam, Chennai & Mumbai. In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long the east coast of India.
The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.
Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA) World Health Organization (WHO) UNICEF World Food Programme (WFP) Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)
E.g.: Non Governmental Organizations • Co-Operative American Relief Every where (CARE) • International committee of Red cross • International committee of Red cross
EXAMPLE FOR DISASTERPREPAREDNESS
1. Community awareness and education
2. Proper warning system
3. Mutual aid arrangement
4. Mock drill, training practice
Disaster Response
It involves measures taken
in anticipation of, during
and immediately after a
disaster to ensure that the
effects are minimized.
EXAMPLE FOR DISASTERRESPONSE
1. Implementing the disaster management plan
2. Setting up medical camps and mobilizing resources
3. Providing adequate shelter and sanitary facilities
4. Development of search and rescue team
Disaster Recovery
It involves measures, which support emergency
affected areas in reconstruction of the physical
infrastructure and restoration of economic and
emotional well being.
EXAMPLE FOR DISASTERRECOVERY
1. Counseling programmefor those who lost the near ones
2. Restoring services like roads, communication link
3. Providing financial support employment
4. Reconstructing damaged buildings
Rehabilitation phase
• Water supply • Food safety • Basic sanitation
and personal hygiene
• Vector control
Disaster mitigation
• This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies. These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable population and structure.
• For examples, improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized. Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction. This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster response activities.
Prevention and Mitigation
• It involves measures to eliminate or reduce the incidence of severity of disasters.
EXAMPLE FOR PREVENTIONAND MITIGATION
1. Preventing habitation in risk zones
2. Disaster resistant buildings
DISASTER DRILL
A disaster drill is an exercise in which people simulate the circumstances of a disaster so that they have an opportunity to practice their responses.
Disaster Preparedness Framework
RehearsalsPublic
Education
and Training
Response
Mechanisms
Warning
Systems
Resource
Base
Information
System
Institutional
Framework
PlanningVulnerability
Assessment
COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS
Role Players in Disasters
• People : Individuals, House -Holds,
Volunteers
• Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati
Secretary, Panchayat Members
• Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious
Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers,
Retired Army & Police Personnel
• Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical,
Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings,
Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public
Health, Police, Defence, NGOs
The Myths about Disasters
• It Can’t Happen to Us.
• The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the Victims will Die anyway.
• There is Nothing We Can Do.
Disasters: Negative and Positive Aspects
Aspects Negative Aspects Positive aspects
D
I
S
A
S
T
E
R
Damage
Interruption
Severe
Antagonistic
Scourge
Traumatic
Emergency
Risk
Development
Innovation
Sharing
Awareness
Self sufficiency
Transformation
Education
Resilience