Dln2+ combustion

What Is Combustion ?A RAPID EXOTHERMIC PROCESS WHICH

WILL DELIVER HIGH TEMPERATURE PRODUCTS

What Is A Flame ?THE ZONE WHICH SEPARATES THE REACTANTS AND THE PRODUCTS, AND WHERE THE TEMPERATURE RISE OCCURS

(Definitions)

FLAMES

PREMIXED FLAME (Blue) DIFFUSION FLAME (Yellow & Sooty)

LAMINARFLAME

TURBULENTFLAME

LAMINARFLAME

TURBULENTFLAME

• SPARK IGNITION ENGINE• OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING TORCH• DRY LOW NOX (DLN 2.6)

• CANDLE FLAME• GAS RANGE• DIESEL ENGINE• ALL FURNACES• CONVENTIONAL GAS TURBINE (Standard, MNQC)

Flame Categorization

Diffusion flame

fuel

fuel

fuel

fuel

wick

O2

O2

O2

O2

Fla

me

front

Premixed flameO2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

CH4

CH4

CH4

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

CH4 +O2 ->

CH2 + OH + CO

CH4 +O2 ->

CH2 + OH + CO

CH2 + O2 ->

CO + OH

Flame

zone

CO + O2 -> CO2

CO + O2 -> CO2

CO + O2 -> CO2

Premixed flow

Post flame zone

O2

Diffusion Vs. Premixed

Diffusion

> Very Robust Stable Flame

> Typically Operable Over a 2000°F Temp. Rise Range

> High NOx Emissions Without Diluent

> Low CO Emissions

Premixed

> Very Narrow Operating Window

> Typically Operable Over a 200-300°F Temp. Rise Range

> Can Achieve Very Low NOx Emissions Without Diluent

> Low CO Emissions Can Be Difficult

Fuel Nozzle

Burner Swirl Burner

Velocity

Flame Stability

Fuel-AirProfile

LowEmissions

CapAirflow

DiffusionPurge

NozzlePressureRatio

DLN 2+ Combustion System (9FA+e) 50% Turndown

25 ppm NOx15 ppm CO

50% Turndown25 ppm NOx15 ppm CO

Improved Cooling Liner for Increased Firing TemperatureAdvanced Materials

Larger Nozzle Area for Lower BTU Fuels(5 Swozzles)

Improved Impingement Cooled Transition PieceImproved Cooling Technology

Advanced Thermal Barrier CoatingClass CSuper B

Legend:DLN2+DLN2+ EI

Improved Mounting & Sealing

Transition Piece:Connects Individual Cylindrical Combustion Chambers to Annular Turbine Inlet

Flowsleeve:Provides Flow Conditioning and Controlled Cooling to Liner

Liner:Contains Reacting Flow

Endcover:Contains Internal Passages to Route Fuel to Fuel Nozzles

Fuel Nozzles:Inject Fuel to Reaction Zone

ReactionZone:Fast Reactions Complete. NOx Produced In Rich Pockets Prior to Mixing Completion

Post Reaction Zone:Fast Reactions Complete. NOx Produced In Rich Pockets Prior to Mixing Completion

PCB Port:Instrumentation Port for Dynamics Acquisition

Fuel Nozzl

es

FA DLN Combustion System

N-263Liner

Impingement CooledTransition Piece

Effusion Cooled Bluff Body Cap Assembly

Steam Injection ManifoldFor Power Augmentation

Cast, Fully Faired Fuel Nozzles

TurbulatedBackside Cooling

AdvancedCooling on Liner Aft End

Cloth Seals

FA DLN Combustion System

DLN2+ Premixer Operation

Swirler and fuel nozzleCombined – “Swozzle”

Premixing

Diffusion Fuel

DLN2+ Premixer (9FA+e, 7/9FB, 9H, 6C, 52E)Swozzle approach to address flashback / flameholding

Swirl Stabilized Premixed FlameF/A mixture recirculates back intoHot pilot flame for flame stability

Diffusion Fuel Injection Anchors premixed flame in pilotedPremixed mode

Inlet Flow Conditioner - IFC Swirler Vanes

DiffusionFuel Tip

Diffusion Fuel

Premix Fuel

Fuel Ports

Diffusion: D5 Ignition

Sub Piloted Premix: D5 + PM1 95% Speed

Piloted Premix: D5 + PM1 + PM4 8% Load

Premix: PM1 + PM4 50% Load

Diffusion flame on all 5 nozzles PM1 and PM4 manifolds purged with air

Diffusion flame on all 5 nozzles Premix flame on PM1 nozzle PM4 manifold purged with air Tune D5 / PM1 split

Diffusion flame on all 5 nozzles Premix flame on PM1 and PM4 nozzles Tune D5 and PM1 / PM4 split

Premix flame on PM1 and PM4 nozzles D5 manifold purged with air Tune PM1 / PM4 split

Premix

PM1

PM4 PM4

PM4 PM4

DiffusionD5

D5

D5

D5

D5

Sub Piloted PremixD5

D5

D5

D5

D5

PM1

Piloted PremixD5

D5

D5

D5

D5

PM1

PM4

PM4PM4

PM4

DLN2+ Combustion Systems (9FA+e)DLN2+ Combustion Systems (9FA+e)

DLN2.6+ Combustion SystemProduct

Capability40% Turndown9 ppm NOx9 ppm CO

Product Capability

40% Turndown9 ppm NOx9 ppm CO

Advance Thermal Barrier CoatingSuper B

DLN 2.6 Like “5 around 1 Nozzle Arrangement

EI Transition Piece Cooling and Sealing

DLN 2.6 DLN 2+ DLN 2.6+ DLN 2+ DLN 2+ DLN 2.5 DLN 2.5 DLN 2.5 DLN 1

7FA+e / 7241 9FA+e / 9351 9FA+e 7FB / 7251 9FB / 9371 9H 6C 5-2E 7EA

Number of Nozzles 6 5 6 4 5 5 5 5 7

Center Y/N Y N Y N N Y Y Y Y

ISO Baseload T3.9 2664 2679 2664 2802 2794 2752 2680 2482 2176

T rise (deg F) 1910 1912 2011 1999 1878 1858 1680 1506

ISO Baseload TCD 754 766 766 791 795 873 821 802 670

NOx guarantee (ppmv@15%O2)

9 25 9* 25 25 25 15 15 9

Turndown range 40% 50% 40% 55% 50% 50% 40% 50% 70%

Delta P (%) 5.7% 6.3% 6.0% 6.5% 6.5% 6.2% 7.1% 6.2% 4.5%

Heat Release per can (BTU/sec) 31571 35385 36822 34146 38423 57206 18626 13533 24749

Combustion Systems for Large Gas Turbines

1898

* Introduced at 15 ppm

NOx at 15% O2 vs. Percent Load7FA DLN 2.6 Emissions vs. GT Load

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Gas Turbine Load

ISO

NO

x @

15

% p

pm

vd

Mode 1

Mode 3

Mode 4

Mode 6

DLN Operability

NO

x NOx

Guarantee

Window

CO

CO

Guarantee

Fuel-Air Ratio

Dyn

amic

s Dynamics

Limit

NOx

CO

Dynamics

OperabilityOperabilityWindowWindowLean

Blow Out

Window

Window

Tfi

re (

Po

wer

)

Lean Blow Out

Window

Dynamics

Fuel-Air RatioFuel-Air Ratio

Fuel-Air Ratio

GT Operation with DLN (IGV Temperature Control)

OverallF/A

Load - MW

TraditionalSimple-Cycle(Constant Air Flow)

Airflow

Fuel

OverallF/A

Load - MW

Load - MW

Load - MW

Traditional Combined Cycle

•Inlet Guide Vanes throttle Air into Compressor

•IGV start opening at ~50% load

•Fuel Flow increases w/ Load

•F/A Maintained 50-100% Load

•Combustor operates just above LBO condition

•Ideal for Low NOx 50-100% Load when operated with inlet bleed heat (IBH)

DLN Equipped Turbines in Simple Cycle Applications Typically Operate with IGV

Temperature Control for Better Turndown

IGV Temperature Control

D5 GCV

GCV3

GCV2

GCV1

Speed Ratio Valve

Strainer

Gas Manifold

Gas Manifold

Gas Manifold

Gas Manifold

Metering Tube

Gas Fuel Scrubber

Gas Company

Combustion Can

Gas Fuel Module

Water Bath HeaterPressure Reducing

Station

Gas Compressor

Coalescing FilterStart-up HeaterFuel MoisturizationPerformance

Heater

Filter SeparatorKnock-Out Drum

Final Filtration Upstream of Gas

Module

Flow Indication to Mark VI

Protection of valves and fuel

nozzles

Regulates Fuel

Flow/Pressure. Isolates

Fuel

“Splits” Fuel between different

nozzles.

Equally distributes flow between

combustion cans.

Aux Stop Valve

Knock-out Drum– Removes Liquid Slugs when Expected in Fuel Supply

Filter Separator-Removes Particulate and Liquids from Inlet to Water Bath Heater or Gas Compressor (If provided).

Water Bath Heater – Superheats Fuel to Prevent Formation of Liquids Across Pressure Reducing Valves

Pressure Reducing Station – Reduces and Regulates the Gas Fuel Supply to Levels and Limits Required by the Gas Turbine.

Gas Compressor – Increases gas fuel pressure when supply is less than that required by the Gas Turbine.

Coalescing Filter – Removes liquids upstream of start-up heater to insure superheated fuel is liquid free.

Start-up Heater – Increases/Maintains the fuels superheat level when fuel supply is below minimum required.

Fuel Moisturization – Saturates the gas fuel to increase its moisture content/heating value.

Performance Heater – To heat gas fuel to improve the heat rate and efficiency of the gas turbine cycle. Normally heated to 365F

Applied on Heated Fuel

Units

Gas Fuel Module

Gas Fuel Systems … Structure and Hardware

D5 GCV

GCV3

GCV2

GCV1

Speed Ratio Valve

Strainer

Gas Manifold

Gas Manifold

Gas Manifold

Gas Manifold

Metering Tube

Gas Fuel Scrubber

Gas Company

Combustion Can

Gas Fuel Module

Water Bath HeaterPressure Reducing

Station

Gas Compressor

Coalescing FilterStart-up HeaterFuel MoisturizationPerformance

Heater

Filter SeparatorKnock-Out Drum

Final Filtration Upstream of Gas

Module

Flow Indication to Mark VI

Protection of valves and fuel

nozzles

Regulates Fuel

Flow/Pressure. Isolates

Fuel

“Splits” Fuel between different

nozzles.

Equally distributes flow between

combustion cans.

Aux Stop Valve

Applied on Heated Fuel

Units