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Diversity of Veterinary Services

in SAARC Countries

SAARC Agriculture Centre

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v

FOREWORD

SAARC Agriculture Centre (SAC) has initiated the program on

Diversity of Veterinary Services in SAARC Countries during the

year 2012 and requested the respective member states to nominate

focal point professional to write a country status report on the topic

as per guidelines provided. Further, SAC has received seven country

status reports from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal,

Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Subsequently, these country status reports

were presented and discussed in details in a consultation meeting

organized by the centre in collaboration with Pakistan Agricultural

Research Council (PARC), Islamabad, Pakistan during July 17-18,

2012. The main purpose of the program was to understand the existing national veterinary

systems and practices in the SAARC countries, to study the veterinary research education

extension and farmers linkage in the SAARC countries, to assess the essential components

of rational delivery mechanism of veterinary services in the SAARC region, to know the

services provided by the different category of community livestock service providers and

their effectiveness at the community level in the SAARC region, to find out the role of

public and private sector at veterinary services among the SAARC region and constraints

and opportunities for expansion of such services in SAARC region.

The role of veterinary services has traditionally been extended from the farm to the

slaughterhouse, where veterinarians have a dual responsibility- epidemiology surveillance of

animal diseases and ensuring the safety and suitability of meat. The education and training of

veterinarians, which include both animal health and food hygiene components make them

uniquely equipped to play a central role in ensuring food safety, especially the safety of

foods of animal origin. In south Asian countries private veterinary practices has been

gradually emerging with the availability of manpower, progressive increase of socio-

economic status and diversification of the profession. The government at this stage needs to

patronize veterinary private service and to extend moral and material support to develop this

sector

Livestock plays an important role in the socio-economic development, employment

generation and livelihood improvement in the South Asian region. SAARC countries possess

358 million cattle/buffaloes and 230 million sheep/goats. Average densities of livestock in

this region is highest in the world; 70-137 km-2 against the world average of 29 km

-2.

Contribution of livestock to agricultural GDP varies between 8% to 56%. SAARC countries

share to worlds meat production is only 3.4% despite rearing a large herd of ruminants.

Shortage of feed, poor veterinary services, wide spread infectious, parasitic, metabolic and

deficiency diseases, poor growth, late sexual maturity, poor fertility, poor nutrition, higher

calf mortality and limited skill manpowers are the major causes for reduced livestock output

in the region.

It has been established that the improvement of livestock in terms of health and productivity

play a key role in the rural development and this is very much embedded in providing useful

veterinary services. Our national leaders inspire us to feel that if villages are survived,

country will live this means the strengthening of the improvement of the socio-economic

vi

conditions of rural people. Most of the rural community people are directly or indirectly

dependent on livestock.

Livestock in rural community of South Asian countries belongs mostly to domestic holdings.

However, due to rapid urbanization few organized farms are seen. In rural areas the

constraint of livestock development rests not only on the lack of knowledge and skills but

the affordability and accessibility of veterinary services, drugs and vaccines are constantly

ignored. Veterinary services all over the world are no more within the boundary of treatment

only and also do not constitute the basic clinical activities. It is high time for us to realize

this concept that the veterinary responsibility fits into the full spectrum of veterinary public

health.

Veterinary services play a significant role at the interface of human, animal and

environmental health. In the recent years there has been significant increase in emerging and

re-emerging diseases and that 75% of these diseases are being transmitted from animals.

Humans, animals and animal products have now been moving freely around the world and

therefore pathogens are adapting, finding new environment, and moving across species into

new hosts.

Considering its importance, veterinary services has to be standardized and extended at field

level to cope with the community demand. It is necessary for assessing and ensuring good

veterinary services for better livestock production and productivity in SAARC member

countries. I hope this document will help educationist, academia, scientists and policy

makers to exchange new knowledge and ideas to build good veterinary services in their

respective country.

The centre sincerely acknowledges the continuous support and contribution of all focal point

professionals who have kindly responded to our request and provided a comprehensive

country status profile very sincerely and efficiently. My sincere thanks and appreciation to

Dr. Haleem Hasnain, former member, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council for his

technical contribution. I covey my sincere thanks to Dr. Md. Nure Alam Siddiky, Senior

Program Officer (Livestock) who has successfully coordinated the whole work.

Dr. Abul Kalam Azad

Director

SAARC Agriculture Centre

vii

CONTENTS

Foreword v

Abbreviations and Acronyms ix

Executive Summary xi

Diversity of Veterinary Services in Afghanistan 01

Diversity of Veterinary Services in Bangladesh 37

Diversity of Veterinary Services in Bhutan 71

Diversity of Veterinary Services in India 123

Diversity of Veterinary Services in Nepal 191

Diversity of Veterinary Services in Pakistan 249

Diversity of Veterinary Services in Sri Lanka 293

Regional expert consultation meeting at Pakistan 325

viii

ix

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AI : Artificial Insemination

CoRRB : Council of RNR Research of Bhutan

DANIDA : Danish International Development Agency

DG : Director General

DDG : Deputy Director General

DYT : District Development Committee in Nepal

GYT : Block Development Committee in Nepal

HRD : Human Resource Development

HRM : Human Resource Management

ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research

LETC : Livestock Extension Training Centre

MAIL : Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock

MOAC : Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives

PPP : Public-Private-Partnership

RNR : Renewable Natural Resources

PARC : Pakistan Agricultural Research Council

SWOT : Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

TLDP : Third Livestock Development Project

VDC : Village Development Committee

VFU : Veterinary Field Unit

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