Diversity of marine plankton at Koh Khram, Sattahip ... · group followed by Class Dinophyceae and Phylum Protozoa with the percentage of 58.70, 17.81 and 12.96, respectively. Species
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1Faculty of Fisheries, Prince of Chumphon Fisheries College, Langsuan, Chumphon 86110; 2Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheres, Kasetsart University, Chatujak, Bangkok 10900; 3Department of Biology, Faculty of
Science, Ramkhamhaeng University Bangkapi Bangkok 10240; 4Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheres, Kasetsart University, Chatujak, Bangkok 10240
Abstract Diversity of marine plankton at Ko Khram, Sattahip District, Chon Buri Province were
analyzed during northeast monsoon season (December, 2001) and southwest monsoon season (September, 2002). Plankton samples were collected at 9 stations using plankton nets of three mesh sizes: 70, 125 and 200 micrometers. A total of 247 plankton, consisting of 196 phytoplankton and 51 zooplankton were identified. Class Bacillariophyceae was the dominant group followed by Class Dinophyceae and Phylum Protozoa with the percentage of 58.70, 17.81 and 12.96, respectively. Species composition of both monsoon seasons were similar and not much different in species number (202 and 224species). In general, plankton of Ko Khram were widely distributed. บทนํา
การศึกษาแพลงกตอนทะเลในอาวไทยมีประวัติอันยาวนานถึงกวาศตวรรษ การศึกษาแพลงกตอนทะเลของไทยเริ่มครั้งแรกในป ค.ศ. 1899 (พ.ศ.2442) โดยคณะสํารวจชาวเดนมารกซึ่งมี Johannes Schmidt เปนหัวหนา ไดเขามาเก็บตัวอยางทรัพยากรธรรมชาติของไทยซึ่งรวมทั้งแพลงกตอนทะเลดวย การเก็บตัวอยางไดเริ่มต้ังแตเดือนธันวาคม ค.ศ. 1899 และเสร็จส้ินในเดือนมกราคม ค.ศ. 1900 และไดทยอยตีพิมพผลงานการสํารวจทรัพยากรธรรมชาติของไทย ต้ังแตป ค.ศ. 1902 จนถึง ค.ศ. 1916 ภายใตหัวขอชื่อหลักวา “Flora of Koh Chang” ซึ่งมีเรื่องเกี่ยวกับแพลงกตอนพืช 2 กลุม ไดแก Peridiniales (Schmidt, 1901) และไดอะตอม (Ostenfeld, 1902) การสํารวจแพลงกตอนสัตวทะเลในอาวไทยไดเริ่มตนในชวงเวลาเดียวกัน การสํารวจที่เกาะชาง โดยการสํารวจที่มีชื่อวา SIBOGA Expedition ในป ค.ศ. 1899 – 1900 ซึ่งมีผลงานของแพลงกตอนสัตว 2 เรื่อง (Hansen, 1910; Rose, 1926) อีกประมาณ 3 ทศวรรษตอมา ไดมีการสํารวจมหาสมุทรทั่วโลก ชื่อ “The Oceanographical Expedition of the Carlsberg Round the World 1928-1930” โดยมี Johannes
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H.Peragallo 12 Thalassiosira spp. 38 R. bergonii H. Peragallo Family Melosiraceae 39 R. clevei Ostenfeldi var clevei
13 Melosira dubia Kützing 40 R. formosa H. Peragallo 14 Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve 41 R. hebetata Bailey f. semispina (Hensen) Gran 15 Stephanopyxis palmeriana (Greville) Grunow 42 R. hyalina Ostenfeld Family Leptocylindraceae 43 R. imbricata Brightwell
16 Corethron hystrix Hensen 44 R. pungens Cleve-Euler 17 Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve 45 R. robusta Norman
Family Coscinodiscaceae 46 R. setigera Brightwell 18 Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Ehrenberg 47 R. striata Greville 19 C. concinniformis Simonsen 48 R. styliformis Brightwell
No. รายชื่อแพลงกตอน No. รายชื่อแพลงกตอน 49 Pseudosolenia calcar avis (Schultze) 80 C. compressus Lauder 50 Guinardia cylindrus (Cleve) Hasle 81 C. constrictus Gran 51 G. flaccida (Castracane) H. Peragallo 82 C. costatus Pavillard 52 G. striata (Stolterfoh) Hasle 83 C. curvisetus Cleve 53 Dactyliosolen antarcticus Castracane 84 C. decipiens Cleve 54 D. blavyanus (H. Peragallo) Hasle 85 C. denticulatum Lauder 55 D. fragilissima (Bergon) Hasle 86 C. diadema(Ehrenberg) Gran 56 D. phuketensis (Sundström) Hasle 87 C. didymus Ehrenberg Suborder Buddulphiineae 88 C. diversus Cleve Family Hemiaulaceae 89 C. eibenii Grunow
57 Cerataulina bicornis (Ehrenberg) Hasle 90 C. lacinosus Schütt 58 C. pelagica (Cleve) Hendey 91 C. lauderi Ralfs 59 Climacodium frauenfeldianum Grunow 92 C. lorenzianus Grunow 60 Eucampia cornuta (Cleve) Grunow 93 C. messanensis Castracane 61 E. zodiacus Ehrenberg 94 C. paradoxum Cleve 62 Hemiaulus hauckii Grunow 95 C. peruvianus Brightwell 63 H. indicus Karsten 96 Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus Mangin 64 H. membranaceus Cleve 97 C. rostratus Lauder 65 H. sinensis Greville 98 C. teres Cleve Family Cymatosiraceae 99 C. tortissimus Gran
66 Cymatosira lorenziana Grunow Family Lithodesmaceae Family Biddulphiaceae 100 Bellerochea malleus (Brightwell) Van Heurck
67 Biddulphia biddulphiana (J.E. Smith) Boyer 101 Ditylum brightwellii (West) Grunow 68 B. tuomeyi Bailey 102 D. sol Grunow 69 Trigonium formosum (Brightwell) Cleve 103 Helicotheca tamesis (Schrubsole) Ricard Family Chaetoceraceae Family Eupodiscaceae
70 Bacteriastrum comosum Pavillard 104 Odontella aurita (Lyngbye) C.A. Agardh 71 B. delicatulum Cleve 105 O. mobiliensis (Bailey) Grunow 72 B. furcatum Shadbolt 106 O. sinensis (Greville) Grunow 73 B. hyalinum Lauder 107 Triceratium aff. dubium Brightwell 74 B. minus Karsten 108 T. favus Ehrenberg 75 B. varians Lauder 108.1 T. favus Ehrenberg f. quadrata Grunow 76 Chaetoceros aequatorialis Cleve 109 T. pentacrinus (Ehrenberg) Wallich 77 C. affinis Lauder Order Bacillariales 78 C. atlanticus Cleve Suborder Fragilariineae 79 C. coarctatus Lauder
No. รายชื่อแพลงกตอน No. รายชื่อแพลงกตอน Order Gymnodiniaceae Family Goniodomaceae Family Gymnodiniaceae 186 Alexandrium sp.
161 Gymnodinium sp. 187 Gonoidoma sp. Order Gonyaulacales Family Pyrophacaceae Family Ceratiaceae 188 Pyrophacus horologium Stein
162 Ceratium belone Cleve 189 P. steinii (Schiller) Wall & Dale 163 C. breve (Ostenfeld & Schmidt) Schröder Order Peridiniales 164 C. candelabram (Ehrenberg) Stein Family Congruentidiaceae 165 C. concillians Jörgensen 190 Diplosalis sp. 166 C. contortum (Gourret) Cleve
Family Podolampadaceae
167 C. deflexum Jörgensen 191 Podolampas bipes Stein 168 C. dens Ostenfeld & Schmidt 192 P. palmipes Stein 169 C. extensum (Gourret) Cleve Family Protoperidiniaceae 170 C. falcatum (Kofoid) Jörgensen 193 Protoperidinium spp. 171 C. furca (Ehrenberg) Claparéde & Lachmann 194 P. divergens (Ehrenberg) Balech 172 C. fusus (Ehrenberg) Dujardin CLASS DICTYOCHOPHYCEAE 173 C. horridum (Cleve) Gran
(SILICOFLAGELLATES / ซิลิโคแฟละเจลเลต)
174 C. kofoidii Jörgensen Order Dictyochales 175 C. longirostrum Gourret Family Dictyochophyceae 176 C. macroceros (Ehrenberg) Cleve 195 Dictyocha fibula Ehrenberg 177 C. massiliense (Gourret) Jörgensen
195.1 Dictyocha fibula Ehrenberg var. stapedia (Haeckel)
178 C. porrectum (Karsten) Jörgensen Lemmermann 179 C. schmidtii Jörgensen 196 D. speculum Ehrenberg var. octonaris 180 C. trichoceros (Ehrenberg) Kofoid (Ehrenberg) Jörgensen 181 C. tripos (O.F. Müller) Nitzsch var. pulchellum ZOOPLANKTON
(Schröder) Lope
PHYLUM PROTOZOA (PROTOZOAN / โปรโตซัว)
Family Ceratocoryaceae CLASS SARCODINA 182 Ceratocorys horrida Stein SUBCLASS RHIZOPODA
Family Cladopyxidaceae Order Foraminiferida 183 Cladopyxis sp. Family Globorotaliidae
Family Gonyaulacaceae 1 Globorotalia sp. 184 Gonyaulax sp. Family Heterohelicea
No. รายชื่อแพลงกตอน No. รายชื่อแพลงกตอน SUBCLASS ACTINOPODA 25 Dadayiella cuspis Kofoid and Campbell Order Radiolarida 26 Eutintinnus fraknoii Daday Family Acanthometridae 27 E. lusus-undae Entz 3 Acanthometra sp. 28 E. apertus Kofoid and Campbell CLASS CILIATA 29 E. maculatus Brandt SUBCLASS SPIROTRICHA 30 E. perminutus Kofoid and Campbell Order Tintinnida 31 E. tubulosus Ostenfeld Family Tintinnididae SUBCLASS PERITRICHA 4 Leprotintinnus nordquisti (Brandt) Order Peritrichida Family Codonellidae Family Vorticellidae 5 Tintinnopsis brasiliensis Kofoid and Campbell 32 Vorticella oceanica Zacharias
6 T. bermudensis Brandt PHYLUM CNIDARIA (JELLYFISH / แมงกะพรุน)
7 T. gracilis Kofoid and Campbell CLASS HYDROZOA 8 T. loricata Brandt Order Leptomedusae 9 T. mortensii Schimidt Family Eirenidae 10 T. radix (Imhof) 33 Eirene hexanemalis (Goette) 11 T. schotti Brandt Order Trachymedusae 12 T. tocantinensis Kofoid and Campbell Family Geryoniidae
Family Codonellopsidae 34 Liriope tetraphylla (Chamisso and Eysenhardts)
13 Stenosemella nivalis (Méunier) Order Siphonophora 14 Codonellopsis morchella (Cleve) Family Diphyidae 15 C. ostenfeldi (Schmidt) 35 Diphyes sp. Family Ptychocylidae Unidentified hydrozoan
Family Petalotrichidae หนอนริบบิ้น) 17 Metacylis corbula Kofoid and Campbell Pilidium larvae
Family Rhabdonellidae PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA ( ARROW WORMS /
18 Protorhabdonella simplex (Cleve) Jörgensen หนอนธนู) 19 Rhabdonella conica Kofoid and Campbell CLASS SAGTTOIDAE 20 R. poculum (Ostenfeld and Schmidt) Brandt Family Sagittidae 21 R. torta Kofoid and Campbell 36 Sagitta spp. Family Tintinnidae PHYLUM ANNELIDA (SEGMENTED WORMS /
22 Amphorella borealis (Hensen) หนอนปลอง) 23 Amphorellopsis acuta (Schmidt) CLASS POLYCHAETA 24 Steenstrupiella robusta Kofoid and Campbell Polychaete larvae
No. ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร No. ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร No. ชื่อวิทยาศาสตร ไดอะตอม 21 Coscinodiscus excentricus 8 Dissodinium sp. 1 Asterolampra rotula 22 C. nobilis 9 Goniodoma acuminatum 2 Buddulphia chinensis 23 Dactyliosolen mediterraneus 10 G. armatum 3 Chaetoceros anglicum 24 Detonula delicatula 11 Gonyaulax hyalina 4 C. aurivillii 25 D. moseleyana 12 G. polygramma 5 C. breve 26 Eucampia biconcava 13 G. spinifera 6 C. calvum 27 Hyalodiscus sp. 14 Ostreopsis siamensis 7 C. clavigera 28 Lauderiopsis costata 15 Phalacroma doryphorum 8 C. distans 29 R. castracanei 16 P. vastum 9 C. javanicum 30 R. choclea 17 P. rudgei 10 C. pseudocrinitum 31 R. shrubsolii 18 Podolampus vastum 11 C. rafsii 32 Schmidtiella pelagica 19 Protoperidinium conicum 12 C. schmidtii 33 Nitzschia seriata 20 P. elegans 13 C. secundum ไดโนแฟละเจลเลต 21 P. globulus 14 C. secundum 1 Blepharocysta splendor maris 22 P. oceanicum 15 C. siamense 2 Ceratium curvicorne 23 P. pedunculatum 16 C. tetrastichon 3 C. flagelliferum 24 P. pellucidum 17 C. vanheurckii 4 C. tenue 25 P. steinii 18 Corethron pennatum 5 C. volans 26 P. tristylum 19 C. criophilum 6 Dinophysis sphaerica 27 Pyrocystis lunula 20 Coscinodiscus bengalensis 7 Diplopsalis saecularis