Diversity in water resources, costs and energy consumption Leonard Carcolé 20 th March 2009
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Diversity in water resources,costs and energy consumption
Leonard Carcolé20th March 2009
Current data of water supply in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area
Greater Barcelona area
3,4 million inhabitants served
426 km2 served
211 hm3 annual consumption
4,470 km long network
2008 figures:
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
+REVERSE OSMOSIS
Greater Barcelona water supply today
LLOBREGATAQUIFERWELLS
EL PRATDESALINATION
PLANT
CARDEDEUWTP
ABRERAWTP + RED
SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP
+REVERSE OSMOSIS
The history of different resources
The Dosrius aqueduct (1867-1899)
DOSRIUSAQUEDUCT
0.004 kWh/m3
0.0006 €/m3
The Dosrius aqueductNou Barris, Barcelona
30 km away
Collection wells in Llobregat and Besòs aquifers (1890-1950)
LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
Steam engineand pumpCornellà1909
DOSRIUSAQUEDUCT
0.004 kWh/m3
0.0004 €/m3
30 km away
Sant Joan Despí Water Treatment Plant (1955-1959)
SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP
0.14 kWh/m3
0.105 €/m3
LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
RiverLlobregat
Cardedeu Water Treatment Plant (1966)
CARDEDEU WTP0.16 kWh/m3
0.090 €/m3
River Ter(60 km away)
WTPCardedeu1966
SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP
0.14 kWh/m3
0.105 €/m3
LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
RiverLlobregat
Abrera Water Treatment Plant (1980)
CARDEDEU WTP0.16 kWh/m3
0.090 €/m3
River Ter(60 km away)
WTPAbrera1980
SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP
0.14 kWh/m3
0.105 €/m3
LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
ABRERA WTP0.16 kWh/m3
0.104 €/m3
RiverLlobregat
Besòs Reverse Osmosis Plant (2004)
River Ter(60 km away)
Reverse OsmosisBesòs2004
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
+ REVERSE OSMOSIS1.43 kWh/m3
0.200 €/m3
SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP
0.14 kWh/m3
0.105 €/m3
CARDEDEU WTP0.16 kWh/m3
0.090 €/m3
LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
ABRERA WTP0.16 kWh/m3
0.104 €/m3
RiverLlobregat
Sant Joan Despí Reverse Osmosis Plant + Abrera Reverse Electrodialysis Plant (2009)
ABRERAWTP + RED
0.816 kWh/m3
0.200 €/m3
River Ter(60 km away)
WTP + Reverse OsmosisSant Joan Despí2009
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
+ REVERSE OSMOSIS1.43 kWh/m3
0.200 €/m3
SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS
0.85 kWh/m3
0.150 €/m3
CARDEDEU WTP0.16 kWh/m3
0.090 €/m3
LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
RiverLlobregat
El Prat Desalination Plant (2009)
EL PRATDESALINATION PLANT
3 kWh/m3
0.35 €/m3
River Ter(60 km away)
Desalination PlantEl Prat2009
SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS
0.85 kWh/m3
0.150 €/m3
CARDEDEU WTP0.16 kWh/m3
0.090 €/m3
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
+ REVERSE OSMOSIS1.43 kWh/m3
0.200 €/m3
LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
ABRERAWTP + RED
0.816 kWh/m3
0.200 €/m3
RiverLlobregat
Reclaimed water for re-use (2009)
River Ter(60 km away)
CARDEDEU WTP0.16 kWh/m3
0.090 €/m3
EL PRATDESALINATION PLANT
3 kWh/m3
0.35 €/m3
BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS
+ REVERSE OSMOSIS1.43 kWh/m3
0.200 €/m3
LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS
0.18 kWh/m3
0.053 €/m3
SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS
0.85 kWh/m3
0.150 €/m3
Reclaimed waterfor re-useEl Prat WWTP2009
ABRERAWTP + RED
0.816 kWh/m3
0.200 €/m3
RiverLlobregat
Cost summary and other considerations
Summary of resources and production costs
New resource Increase regarding Increase regarding Increase in theprevious resource previous scenario customer's bill
Dosrius acqueduct 0,0006 €/m3 -- 0,0006 €/m3
Llob. And Besòs Wells 0,053 €/m3 8733,33% 0,053 €/m3 8733,33% 4,97%Sant Joan Despí WTP 0,105 €/m3 98,11% 0,084 €/m3 58,49% 2,80%Cardedeu WTP 0,090 €/m3 -14,29% 0,090 €/m3 7,14% 0,53%Abrera WTP 0,104 €/m3 15,56% 0,093 €/m3 3,33% 0,26%Mesòs Wells+Reverse Osmose 0,200 €/m3 92,31% 0,097 €/m3 4,30% 0,35%SJD WTP+R/O 0,150 €/m3 -25,00%Abrera RED 0,200 €/m3 33,33%Reclaimed water for re-use 0,338 €/m3 69,00% 0,175 €/m3 80,41% 6,78%El Prat Desalination Plant 0,350 €/m3 3,55% (estimate for 2010)
Production cost Weighted averagecost
OUR WATER RESOURCES MUST BE SUSTAINABLE
The cost of production, an exponential increase
OUR WATER RESOURCES MUST BE SUSTAINABLE
Growth of the Ter-Llobregat water supply
In the last 35 years:
resources: 20%
population: 40%
OUR WATER RESOURCES MUST BE SUSTAINABLE
The threat of restrictions: a latent risk
ALERT ALERTALERT ALERT
ALERT
ALERT
Evolution of the water resources in the Ter-Llobregat systemTer: 398 hm3
Llobregat: 213 hm3
RESERVOIR CAPACITIES
Diversity in water resources,costs and energy consumption
Leonard Carcolé20th March 2009
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