DISTRICT GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF ...cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/UP/Shahjahanpur.pdfi DISTRICT GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF SHAHJAHANPUR DISTRICT, UP Compiled by Vikas Ranjan Scientist

i

DISTRICT GROUND WATER BROCHURE OFSHAHJAHANPUR DISTRICT UP

Compiled by

Vikas RanjanScientist C

(AAP 2012-13)

1 CONTENTS

SECTION TITLE PAGE NODISTRICT AT A GLANCE

1 INTRODUCTION11 Location Extent amp Population helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip112 Administrative Setup helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip113 Agriculture Irrigation and Crops helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip214 Industries helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip5

2 CLIMATE amp RAINFALL helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip53 DRAINAGE SOIL GEOMORPHOLOGY amp GEOLOGY

31 Drainage amp Soil helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip632 Geomorphology helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip633 Geology helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip7

4 GROUND WATER SCENARIO41 Hydrogeology helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip942 Depth to Water Level helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1043 Long-term Water Level Trend helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1144 Ground Water Quality helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1145 Status of Ground Water Development helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1246 Dynamic Ground Water Resources helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip13

5 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS51 GW Decline in Urban Area helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1352 Arsenic in GW helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip14

6 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY61 Management of GW Development helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1462 Mitigation of Arsenic Problem helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip14

7 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY71 Mass Awareness Programme helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip1572 Water Management Training Programme helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip15

8 AREA NOTIFIED BY CGWA helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip159 RECOMMENDATIONS helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip15

BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip15APPENDICESI Summarized hydrogeological results of exploratory drilling by CGWB in ShahjahanpurdistrictII Block-wise salient figures of Estimation of Dynamic GW Resources as on 3132009PLATESI Administrative Map of Shahjahanpur district UPII Hydrogeology of Shahjahanpur District UPIII Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Levels (2011) Shahjahanpur District UPIV Post-monsoon Depth to Water Levels (2011) Shahjahanpur District UPV Dynamic GW Resources (as on 3132009) of Shahjahanpur District UP

i i

DISTRICT SHAHJAHANPUR AT A GLANCE

1 GENERAL INFORMATIONi Geographical Area (SqKm) 4575ii Administrative Divisions

Number of TehsilBlockNumber of Panchayat Villages

4 15124 2331

iii Population (provisional figures-2011)RuralUrban

30023762410968591408

iv Average Annual Normal Rainfall (1901-70) 104670mm

2 GEOMORPHOLOGY Central Ganga Plain (upper GangaBasin)

i Major Physiographic Units Older Flood PlainsYounger Flood Plains (Older or TerraceFlood Plains amp Active Flood Plains)

ii Major Drainages Ramganga and Gomti and theirtributaries ndash Garra Khannaut BahgulJokhaland Ganga form thesouthwestern boundary Garra dividesthe district in equal halves

3 LAND USEArea other than Agriculture UseNet Sown Area (2010-11)

87286 ha350183 ha

4 MAJOR SOIL TYPES Deep and well drainedFine silty to loamy in northeasternpart fine to coarse loamy andcalcareous in southwester part5 AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS (2010-11)

2 WheatRicePulsesOil seeds

3

4 252136 ha5 201465 ha32658 ha28877 ha

6 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES(Number of Structures Area in ha) (Figures for2010-11)Dugwells Tubewells BorewellsTankspondsCanalsOthersNet Irrigated AreaGross Irrigated Area

451 312225 ha (Net Irrigated)--892 km 9987 ha (Net Irrigated)--322212 ha536968 ha

7 NUMBER OF GROUND WATERMONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (As on 31-3-2013)Dug wellsPiezometers

123

8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICALFORMATIONS

a) Major part (upland areas) coveredwith Older Alluvium (~600mthickness) deposited over UpperSiwalik

b)Younger (Newer) Alluvium occurs inlow land tracts along rivers

i i i

9 HYDROGEOLOGYMajor water bearing formation

Pre-monsoon Depth to water level during 2011Post-monsoon Depth to water level during 201)Long term water level trend (2002-2011)a) Pre-monsoon (6 wells analysed)

b) Post-monsoon (6 wells analysed)

3 Aquifer Groups up to the explored depth of456m ground water occurs in fine to mediumand coarse sand zones and gravel in theseaquifers260 ndash 917 mbgl082 ndash 895 mbgl

Fall 006 to 069 myr (5 wells)Rise 006 myr (1 well)Fall 006 to 049 myr (4 wells)Rise 004 - 010 myr (2 wells)

10 GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB (Ason 31-3-2013)a) Normal ProgrammeNo of wells drilled (EW SH Deposit Well)Depth rangeDischarge (litres per second) (m)Storativity (S)Transmissivity (m2day)

11240 ndash 456m904 ndash 2074 (up to 250m)10-3164 ndash 2010

11 GROUND WATER QUALITYPresence of Chemical constituents more than permissiblelimit (eg EC F As Fe)

Quality fresh Fluoride and Nitrate withinpermissible limits

12 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES (2009)Annual Replenishible Ground Water ResourcesNet Annual Ground Water DraftProjected Demand for Domestic amp Industrial Uses upto2025Stage of Ground Water Development

14863450 ham11188326 ham1341871 ham

7527

13 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY No Mass Awareness and Water ManagementTraining Programme organized by CGWB inShahjahanpur district

14 EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE ampRAINWATER HARVESTINGProjects completed by CGWB (No amp Amount spent)Projects under technical guidance of CGWB (Numbers)

NilNil

15 GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATIONNumber of OE Critical Semi-critical Safe Blocks

No of blocks notified

All the 15 blocks have been categorized aslsquoSafersquoNil

16 MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS ANDISSUES

WL decline in urban area (Shahjahanpur City) Arsenic in ground water survey by UP Jal

Nigam in 8 blocks arsenic more than 10ppbfound in 7 blocks ndash Dadrol Jaitipur JalalabadKatra Khutar Sindhauli and Tilhar Arsenicgt50ppb only in 3 samples out of 1193

1

UTTAR PRADESH

Shahjahanpur District

1 INTRODUCTION11 Location Extent and PopulationSituated in the west-central partof Uttar Pradesh (Fig 1) lying betweenlatitude 27deg27N and 28deg28N andlongitude 79deg19E and 80deg23EShahjahanpur district covers 4575SqKm geographical area It was carvedout as separate district from Bareillydistrict in 1813 and is bounded in thenorthwest by Pilibhit district and in theeast and southeast by Kheri and Hardoidistricts respectively To the south liesFarrukhabad district separated byriver Ganga and to the west Bareilly and Budaun districtsAs per provisional figures of 2011 census (source Census of India web

site) total Population of the district is 3002376 with density of population 684soulsper SqKm and rural population constitutes 8030 (2410968 nos) of the totalpopulation The decadal population growth from 2001 is 2180 (1254 in urbanareas and 2431 in rural areas)12 Administrative SetupThe district is administratively divided into 4 tehsils and15 developmentblocks (Plate-I Table 1) with 124 Nyay Panchayats and 922 Gram Panchayats Theurban sector has 3 Nagar Palika Parishads (Shahjahanpur Tilhar and Jalalabad) and7 town areas with Nagar Panchayats (Katra Powayan Kanth Khutar AllahganjKhudaganj and Railway Settlement Roza) Total number of villages is 2331 out ofwhich 2080 are inhabited and 251 uninhabited

Table 1 Administrative Set-up Shahjahanpur District UP

Tehsil Block Number ofNyay

Panchayat

Number ofGram

Panchayat

Number ofvillages

Shahjahanpur(Sadar) KanthDadraulBhawal KheraMadnapur (part)7798

54627764117126162150 (part)Contdhttpwwwcensusindiagovin2011-prov resultspaper2data_filesUP7-pop-12-22pdf

2

Block Number ofNyay

Panchayat

Number ofGram

Panchayat

Number ofvillages

Tilhar TilharNigohiKhudaganj KatraJaitipurMadnapur (part)7897

61636057140130128130

Jalalabad JalalabadMirzapurKalanMadnapur (part)1089

68505214286100

Powayan PowayanBandaKhutarSindhauli89810

63724772179171147172

Source website updesupnicin (Statistical Diary-2012 Table-55 Figures for 2011-12)

13 Agriculture Irrigation and Crops

131 AgricultureBestowed with fertile soil and having good irrigation facilities about 80area of the district is under agricultural use Net sown area ranges from 7396 inDadrol to 8513 in Nigohi block (Table-2 Fig 2) Net irrigated area is 322212 hawhich forms about 92 of the net sown area (350183 ha) Gross irrigated area is536968 haTable-2 Block-wise Land Use in Shahjahanpur District UP (All Areas in ha)

Block Totalarea

Area otherthan

agricultureuse

NetAreasown

NetArea Sown

Net AreaIrrigated

NetIrrigated

to netsownBanda 44125 8985 35140 7964 32375 9213Khutar 40653 10534 30119 7409 28647 9511Powayan 28369 5102 23267 8202 21940 9430Sindhauli 29366 4537 24829 8455 22848 9202Khudaganj Katra 26464 4259 22205 8391 20731 9336Jaitipur 24498 5497 19001 7756 17983 9464Tilhar 21985 3866 18119 8242 17133 9456Nigohi 25036 3723 21313 8513 18164 8522Kanth 26089 4545 21544 8258 19068 8851Dadrol 26314 6851 19463 7396 17922 9208Bhawal Khera 29016 5628 23388 8060 19535 8353Kalan 29158 6151 23007 7890 20609 8958Mirzapur 24179 5006 19173 7930 18009 9393Jalalabad 32633 6554 26079 7992 25161 9648Madanapur 28117 5018 23099 8215 21953 9504

Total Rural 436002 86256 349746 8022 322078 9209Total Urban 1467 1030 437 2979 134 3066Total District 437469 87286 350183 8005 322212 9201

includes area of forest barren cultivable waste present fallow land other fallow land barren uncultivable land land put to non-agriculture use pastures and area under bush forest amp garden

3

132 Irrigation

Contributing about 97 of the net irrigated area ground water is the major source

of irrigation in the district ranging from 9414 in Tilhar block to 9940 in Madanapur

block (Table-3 Fig 3) The canal network runs through 892 km in the district

Table 3 Block-wise Net Area Irrigated by different sources in Shahjahanpur District UP

Block Netirrigatedarea (Ha)

Different Irrigation Source (Net IrrigatedArea in Ha)

Areairrigated

byGW

Areairrigatedby CanalCanal Tubewell Wells Total

GWPublicTW

PrivateTWBanda 32375 823 7 21775 9770 31552 9746 254Khutar 28647 721 6 18308 9612 27926 9748 252Powayan 21940 650 6 11430 9854 21290 9704 296Sindhauli 22848 1000 6 12030 9812 21848 9562 438Khudaganj Katra 20731 502 7 10591 9631 20229 9758 242Jaitipur 17983 500 6 7805 9672 17483 9722 278Tilhar 17133 1004 7 6490 9632 16129 9414 586Nigohi 18164 951 4 7593 9616 17213 9476 524Kanth 19068 900 6 8554 9608 18168 9528 472Dadrol 17922 865 8 7405 9644 17057 9517 483Bhawal Khera 19535 904 9 8812 9810 18631 9537 463Kalan 20609 170 4 10826 9609 20439 9918 082Mirzapur 18009 165 11 8114 9719 17844 9908 092Jalalabad 25161 701 5 14807 9648 24460 9721 279Madanapur 21953 131 7 12148 9667 21822 9940 060

Total Rural 322078 9987 99 166688 145304 312091 9690 310Total Urban 134 0 0 134 0 134 10000 000Total District 322212 9987 99 166822 145304 312225 9690 310Source website updesupnicin (Statistical Diary-2012 Table-18 Figures for 2010-11)

Fig 2 Block-wise land use in Shahjahanpur district

4

There are two main canal branches passing through the district ndash ShahjahanpurBranch and Nigohi Branch Salient features about these are given in Table-4Table 4 Salient Features of Canal Branches in Shahjahanpur District UP

Canal Distribution Length DesignedDischarge

CCAShahjahanpur Branch Starts from right bank of Apsarariver (Kolaria Head) in Bhadpurablock of Bareilly district entersinto Shahajahnpur district fromKatra block and passes throughJaitipur Tihar Dadraul Jalalabadand Kanth blocks before enteringinto Hardoi district

11032 km 1219 cusec 136988ha

Nigohi Branch Originates from left bank ofSharda Main Canal in Barkherablock of Pilibhit district andpasses through Nigohi andBhawal Khera blocks ofShahjahanpur district95660 Km 600 cusec 73925ha

Source Executive Engineer Irrigation Department Shahjahanpur

133 CropsWheat is grown in the maximum area of the district followed by ricePrincipal Kharif crops are paddy millet maize and jwar and Rabi crops - wheatgram barley pulses and oil seeds Other crops of minor importance are sugarcanepotato cotton etc Cropping pattern is given in Table-5

Fig 3 Block-wise Net Area Irrigated by Different Sources Shahjahanpur District UP

5

Table 5 Cropping Pattern in District Shahjahanpur UP (2010-11)

Crop Area(Ha)

of GrossSown Area

Irrigated ( ofsown Area)Wheat 252136 4205 100Rice 201465 3360 100Pulses 32658 544 465Sugarcane 37712 629 100Barley (Jau) 421 007 gt99Potato 9519 158 100Bajra (Millet) 4905 081 093Jwar 1360 022 066Maize 1723 028 7Oil Seeds 28877 481 ~50Other Vegetables 17763 296 ~94

Source website updesupnicin (Statistical Diary-2012 Table-19 Figures for 2010-11)

14 IndustriesThere are 3 major Industrial Estates Areas in the district namely ndash RozaTilhar and Powayan A few large-scale industries Public Sector Undertakings andMedium Scale Enterprise exist in the district (Table-6) Major exportable itemsproduced in the district are carpet and durriesTable-6 Main Industries in Shahjahanpur District

Scale of Industry IndustryLarge ScaleIndustries PublicSector Undertakings Ordinance Clothing Factory Shahjahanpur K R Pulp amp Paper Ltd Jamaur Shahjahnpur Bajaj Hindustan Ltd Maksudpur Powyana Shahjahnpur Dalmia Chini Mills Nigohi Kribhco Shyam Fertilizers Ltd Pipraula Shahjahanpur Roza Power Plant Roza ShahjahanpurMedium ScaleEnterprises Roza Sugar Works Roza United Spirit Ltd (Distillary) Roza Shahjahnpur Formula tent Mardorcel amp Co Ltd

Source Brief Industrial Profile of Shahjahanpur District UP by MSME Development Institute Kanpur Ministry of Micro Small ampMedium Enterprise Government of IndiaIn addition there are number of micro and small enterprises most of whichare agro based Some other such units are ready-made garments and embroiderywood wooden based furnitures paper amp paper products leather basedchemicalchemical based rubber plastic amp petro based metal based (SteelFabrication) Soda water cotton textile etc

2 CLIMATE AND RAINFALLWith hot and dry summers humid monsoon season and dry winters thedistrict comes under sub-tropical sub-humid climate zone There are 5 meterologicalstations of IMD in the district The temperature varies from 85 to 2860C in wintersand 2140C to 4050C in summers However during cold-waves the temperature may

go down to freezing point whereas extreme heat wave at times can cause the temperature

to go up to as high as 46degC May is the hottest month of the year and January the

6

coldest with mean daily maximum temperature during the former being 4050C andthat in latter 2190C The mean daily minimum temperatures during these monthsare 2530C and 850C respectively The normal annual rainfall (1901-70) averagedover 5 raingauge stations existing in the district is 10467mm The southwestmonsoon is active from mid or mid June to September with maximum rainfall(~87) taking place during this period August being the wettest month There isaverage 45 rainy days (days with rainfall of 25 mm or more) in a year Averagehumidity remains considerably high from July to September (745 - 805) and ishighest during the month of August3 DRAINAGE SOIL GEOMORPHOLOGY amp GEOLOGY

31 Drainage amp SoilRamganga river which flows NNW-SSE in the western part of the districtforms the principal drainage Southwestern periphery is drained by the river GangaOther important rivers are Garra Khannaut Bahgul Jokhal and Kathana River Garradivides the district into almost equal halvesSoils in the district are deep and well drained with loamy surface In thenortheastern part the soils are mainly fine silty to coarse loamy whereas insouthwestern part they are mainly fine to coarse loamy and calcareous (based onSoil Map published by NBSS amp LUP)32 GeomorphologyShahjahanpur district forms part of Central Ganga Plains in the upper GangaBasin exhibiting monotonous flat topography with master slope towards south andsoutheast Northern part of the district merges imperceptibly into Terai marked bythick forests and marshy lands Ground elevation generally ranges from 148-172masl The area can be divided into two broad geomorphic units (Srivastava ampGairola 1993) an upland ndash the Varanasi Older Alluvium (VOA) Plain (Bhangersurface) and the low land ndash the flood plain (Khadar surface) The former is the oldestgeomorphic unit covering major part of the area occupying interfluve zones abovethe general flood level of different rivers The elevation of Varanasi Older AlluviumPlain which in most part has homogenous flattish topography varies from 159 to172mamsl with general southward slope The surface hosts a number ofpalaeochannels and tals Based on lithology the plain can be subdivided into sandy

7

and silty-clayey surfaces The Khadar surface (low land) can be further subdividedinto Older Flood Plains of Ganga Ramganga Garra Gomati Khannaut KatniBahhul Dojara rivers and Active Flood Plains of these rivers In major part thereare two levels of Terrace in Older Flood Plains The higher level Terrace is anerosional surface over the Varanasi Older Alluvium whereas the lower levelTerraces is made up of Terrace Alluvium33 GeologyThe district is underlain by thick pile of Quaternary alluvial depositsdeposited over Siwalik Supergroup which in turn overlies Vindhyan SupergroupunconformablyThe Newer Alluvium occurs along the courses of major streams formingwedge shaped cover The formation consists of fine to medium sand silt with thinclay lenses Terrace Alluvium of different rivers exhibits different characteristics InRamganga basin it is alternate sequence of fine sand and medium grey micaceoussand in Garra river thin khaki silty clay alternating with thick fine medium grainedgrey micaceous sand whereas in Ganga the top layer of Terrace Alluvium is ofblackish clay siltThe Older Alluvium is a thick polycyclic fining upward sequence of oxidizedsilt clay and sand with subordinate kankar concretions Bore well data of ONGCwells at Tilhar Shahjahanpur and Puranpur (adjoining Pilibhit district) (compiledand discussed in CGWB 1997) suggests that this alluvium is 400-590m thick andrests over upper SiwalikSedimentation of Varanasi older alluvium possibly began during MiddlePleistocene in the basin formed over the Siwalik Super group with the risingHimalaya due to post Upper Siwalik upliftment of Himalaya (Singh amp Nambiar1993) The advent of Holocene heralded the change of climate from cold arid towarm humid which brought about the next cycle of sedimentation represented byTerrace Alluvium This is also the period of formation of wide erosional terraces Thedeposition of third generation of quaternary sedimentation is still on andrepresented by point bar and channel bar deposits of recent alluviumThe basement for Quaternary sediments is not exposed in the districtBasement rocks in the area are concealed under thick pile of Quaternary sedimentsAs per the bore well data of deep boreholes drilled by ONGC at Tilhar Shahjahanpur

8

and Puranpur (adjoining Pilibhit district) in Puranpur depression of Ganga Basinthe Upper Siwaliks (US) consisting of sand sandstone and clay claystone form theconcealed basement for Quaternary sediments (CGWB 1997) The lithologicaldistinction between VOA and Siwalik sediments however is not very perceptibleand the hiatus between the two entities is also not reflected in ONGC lithologs TheSiwalik Supergroup comprising of Upper Siwalik (US) Middle Siwalik (MS) andLower Siwalik (LS) in turn rests unconformably over northern sloping basement ofVindhyan Supergroup encountered in Shahjahanpur and Puranpur bore wells at1839m and 3120m respectively At Puranpur an additional unit of sedimentaries ofabout 52m thickness comprising of ferruginous oolitic rock laterite and clay alsooccurs between Siwalik and Vindhyan Supergroup In the bore well at Tilhar drilledup to 2226m and terminating within Mesozoic Lower Siwalik is absent and MiddleSiwalik Mesozoic boundary is represented by unconformity at 1698m (CGWBopcit) Based on seismological surveys bottom of Lower Siwaliks at PawayanDeokali (Banda block) Miranpur Katra and Banda has been inferred at 1604 30231642 and 2191m respectively (CGWB opcit)Generalized stratigraphic sequence is given in Table-7Table ndash7 Generalized Stratigraphic Sequence in and around Shahjahanpur District UP

Age Geologi-cal Units

Lithology Geomorphological Units LandformsHolocene NewerAlluvium Recent Alluvium (thickness 5-7m) - fluvial sediments fine tomedium loose micaceous sandwith minor siltActive Flood Plains ofGanga Ramganga GomtiGarra Khannaut BeghulDojara rivers

Point bar channelbar lateral barsandy flatsTerrace Alluvium (thickness 2-8m) ndash cyclic sequence of grey tolight khaki coloured silt clay andmicaceous sand thinly lami-nated occasionally oxidizedOlder Flood Plains ofrespective rivers presenton both thebanks as linearterraces

Abandonedchannelscut off meanderssandy flatsDisconformityMiddle toUpperPliestocene VaranasiOlderAlluvium(VOA)400 to ~600m thick multiplepolycyclic fining upwardsequence of oxidized silt clay andsand with subordinatekankar concretions at depth

Varanasi Older AlluvialPlain ndash the oldest unitcovering the highest level Sandy surface -Sand moundsridges amp flatsSilt-clay surface -PalaeochannelsTalsDisconformityTertiary SiwalikSupergroup (USMS amp LS)gt1100 to ~ 2700m thicksequence of sand sandstone andclay claystone (siltstone is alsopresent at Tilhar)

Not exposed in the area~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Unconformity~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pre Tertiary Basement rocks belonging to MesozoicPrecambrian Vindhyan Supergroup Not exposed in the area

Synthesized after Singh amp Nambiar 1993 Khan amp Rawat 1993 Srivastava amp Gairola 1994 CGWB 1997

9

4 GROUND WATER SCENARIO

41 HydrogeologyCentral Ground Water Board has carried out exploratory drilling in thedistrict up to the maximum depth of 456m ie mainly within older alluvium A totalof 10 exploratory wells and 1 slim hole have been drilled in the district so farLithological units are composed mainly of fine to medium and coarse sand gravelclay and kankar with sand being the dominant component Kankar is generallyassociated with clay capping (3-5m or more in thickness) existing all over the areaClay generally occurs in lenticular form in the upper parts and attains regionalcharacter at deeper levels Perusal of electrical logs of the wells apparently suggeststhat 4 aquifer groups exist at individual sites with top and bottom of individualaquifer group varying widely (CGWB 2012) However on the basis of fence diagramconstructed with the help of lithologs of different wells exhibiting disposition ofdifferent aquifers three aquifer groups separated by fairly thick clay beds can beidentified in the district down to the maximum explored depth (Table-8) Aconspicuous surface silty clay capping having 3-5m thickness or more also existsalmost over entire district Decreasing resistivity values may point to decreasinggranularity with depthTable-8 Summary of Aquifer Groups in Shahjahanpur District UP

(after CGWB 2006)

AquiferGroup

Average DepthDepth Range

Resistivity(Ohm-m)

RemarksI Ground level to 140-170m 50-60 Quality of water goodII 140 170-325 30-40 Quality of water goodIII Below 325 20-30 Quality of water good except in the deeperaquifer at Imaliya in the southern partwhere it is brackishGround water in shallow aquifer occurs under unconfined condition and istapped by dug wells and shallow borewells Tubewells drilled by State Governmentgenerally tap 30-40m thickness in this aquifer in the depth range of 70-130m withdischarge of 2400 to 3600 lpm (CGWB 2006) In deeper aquifers ground wateroccurs under semi-confined to confined conditions Exploratory wells drilled byCGWB tapping shallow or collectively shallow and deep aquifers have yields rangingfrom 1483-2074 lpm whereas the well tapping only second aquifer has yielded 904lpm (Tablemdash9 Appendix-I) Hydrogeological map of the district is presented inPlate-II

10

Table-9 Exploratory Drilling by CGWB in Shahjahanpur district UP(Summarized results in Appendix-)

Numberof EW

DepthRange(mbgl)

Yields(lpm)

Draw-downs (m)

Transmissivity(m2day)

Storativity

10 240-456 904 ndash 2074 242 ndash 2292 164 ndash 2010 3x10-342 Depth to Water LevelAs per data of Ground Water Monitoring Stations of CGWB and GWD UP for2012 water levels in the district range from 260 to 917 mbgl during pre-monsoonwith majority of wells falling between 3-7 mbgl During post-monsoon water levelsrange from 082 to 845 mbgl with large number of wells having water levelsbetween 2-5 mbgl Depth to water level contours for pre- and post-monsoon 2012are presented in Plate-III amp IV respectively43 Long-term Water Level TrendMajority of the CGWB monitoring wells analysed show declining water leveltrends for the period 2003-12 with range of decline 006-069 myr during pre-monsoon and 006-049 myr during post-monsoon (Table-11) Rising trends havealso been observed Maximum decline has been observed at Shahjahanpur bothduring pre-monsoon (069 myr) and post-monsoon (049 myr) which might beindicative of stress on ground water in urban area

Table-11 Summary of Long-term (2003-12) WL Trends in Shahjahanpur District

WL Trend for Wellsanalysed

(Nos)

Range ofdeclining

trend(myr)

Wells showing decliningtrend (myr) in nos

Range ofrisingtrend

(myr)

Wellsshowing

rising trend(myr) in

nos000-020

020-040

040-060

060-069

000-010Pre-monsoon 6 006-069 3 1 - 1 006 1Post-monsoon 6 006-049 3 - 1 - 004-010 244 Ground Water Quality

441 Quality of Ground Water in Phreatic AquiferCentral Ground water Board monitors ground water quality of phreaticaquifer through analysis of samples collected once a year (one sample from eachblock) Ground Water samples collected during 2011 show Electrical Conductivity

(EC) in the range of 335-750 micro-Siemenscm indicating that ground water is fresh inthe district Variation in EC over the area is illustrated through EC contours onHydrogeological Map of the district (ie Plate-II) Total hardness (as CaCo3) ranges

11

from 100-290 mgl Fluoride and Nitrate are within permissible limits (15 mgL amp45 mgL respectively) in all the samplesIn a survey carried out by UP Jal Nigam for arsenic in ground water in 8blocks of the district namely ndash Dadrol Jaitipur Jalalabad Katra Khutar MirzapurSindhauli and Tilhar arsenic has been detected in GW samples from all these blockswith some of the samples from 7 blocks having arsenic concentrations above 10 ppb(Table-12)Table-12 Summary of Survey Carried out by UP Jal Nigam for Arsenic in GW

Block No of HPs(GW

samples)

As Concentration10- 50 ppb (No of

HPs)

As Concentrationgt 50 ppb (No of

HPs)

of samplesabove 10 ppbDadrol 170 82 ~48Jaitipur 128 4 ~3Jalalabad 137 22 ~16Katra 174 12 2 ~12Khutar 84 6 1 ~8Mirzapur 50 - -Sindhauli 224 1 ~04Tilhar 226 32 ~14

Source Report on rsquoArsenic Toxicity in GW of UPrsquo by State Water Resource Agency Government of UP compiling results of UPJal Nigam survey

442 Quality of Ground Water in Deeper AquifersExploratory drilling in the district has revealed that the formation water isgenerally fresh in the deeper aquifers except at Imaliya in the southern part of thedistrict where it has been inferred as brackish in the aquifer occurring below 325m(CGWB 2012)45 Status of Ground Water DevelopmentAbout 80 area of the district is under agricultural use with paddy andwheat grown on large scale Net irrigated area is about 92 of the net sown area ofwhich 97 contribution comes from ground water Although there is fairly strongcanal network in the district irrigation is mainly ground water dependentthroughout the district (Table-3 amp 13) This is due to easy access to ground water aswater levels are not deep and ground water is directly under control of individualfarmer user

Table 13 Block-wise status of sources of irrigation in Shahjahanpur districtBlock Canallength(km) Govttube-well(No)Perma-nentwells(No)

Rahat(No) Pumpsets Groundpumpset(No)Electri-city Run(No) DieselRun(No) Other(No) Total(No)Banda 60 31 0 15 705 6356 46 7107 3Khutar 58 27 0 20 575 10438 36 11049 3Contd

12

Block Canallength(km) Govttube-well(No)Perma-nentwells(No)

Rahat(No) Pumpsets Groundpumpset(No)Powayan 16 79 0 18 883 7819 26 8728 3Sindhauli 116 49 0 0 150 6122 41 6313 3Khudaganj Katra 94 13 0 10 40 6836 8 6884 3Jaitipur 32 31 0 0 55 4343 33 4431 3Tilhar 85 7 0 0 134 5120 65 5319 4Nigohi 105 19 0 10 234 7645 33 7912 3Kanth 108 15 0 0 36 4740 36 4812 3Dadrol 65 45 0 12 65 6800 39 6904 4Bhawal Khera 132 30 0 14 90 5946 79 6115 5Kalan 0 37 0 22 90 7515 73 7678 3Mirzapur 0 14 0 20 14 7413 64 7491 3Jalalabad 21 35 0 0 129 8699 66 8894 2Madanapur 0 19 0 9 106 5753 48 5907 3Total Rural 892 451 0 150 3306 101545 693 105544 48Total Urban - - - - - - - 0 -Total District 892 451 0 150 3306 10545 693 105544 48

Source website updesupnicin (Statistical Diary-2012 Table-23 Figures for 2010-11)Drinking water requirement of the district is met by UP Jal Nigam throughtubewells (Piped Water Supply Scheme) and India Mark II hand pumps As per UP JalNigam figures for 2011-12 2080 villages have India Mark II hand pumps benefitinga population of 1939404 There are 6 nos rural Piped Water Supply Schemes with 8tubewells catering to 7 villages in Kalan Banda Nigohi and Jalalabad blocks (source

office of Executive Engineer UPJN) In urban areas water supply is through 2666 HPsin 10 towns (Kanth Allahganj Khutar Powayan Tilhar Khudaganj Katra JalalabadShahjahanpur and Roza) and 45 TWs in 9 towns (all the above towns except Roza)catering to currently assessed population of 614750 (Source as above) Out of theabove 28 TWs and 1375 HPs are located in Shahjahanpur City alone46 Dynamic Ground Water Resources (as on 3132009)As per estimation of dynamic (12eplenishable) ground water resource ofShahjahanpur district (as on 3132009) all the blocks have been categorized aslsquoSafersquo (Plate-V Appendix-II) Keeping provision for future domestic and industrialrequirements availability of ground water for future irrigation development comesto 3514698 ham Summary of Dynamic GW Resource for the district is presented inTable-14

Table-14 Dynamic GW Resource Shahjahanpur district UP (as on 3132009)Net annual

GWAvailability

(ham)

Gross GWDraft forall uses(ham)

Net GWAvailability for

futuredevelopment forirrigation (ham)

Over-allStage of

GWDevelop-

ment

Block-wise rangeof GW Develop-

ment

Categorisa-tion ofblocks

14863450 11188326 3514698 7527 5921 (Banda) to8889 (Kalan) All 15blocks lsquoSafersquo

13

5 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS

The foregoing description of ground water scenario does not indicate any major

ground water problem in the district However following issues may require timely

attention in view of their potential adverse impact

51 Water Level Decline in Urban AreaAs indicated under Section 45 (Table-11) the only monitoring well showingconsiderable long term decline (69cmyr and 49cmyr during pre- and post-monsoon respectively) exists in Shahjahanpur City suggesting that ground water isunder stress mainly in the urban area52 Arsenic in Ground WaterSurvey by UP Jal Nigam in 8 blocks of the district has revealed presence ofarsenic in ground water above 10 ppb in 7 blocks namely - Dadrol JaitipurJalalabad Katra Khutar Sindhauli and Tilhar (Section 441 Table-12) Howeverarsenic concentrations above 50ppb have been observed only in 3 samples out oftotal 11936 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

61 Management of Ground Water DevelopmentThe present level of ground water development is 7527 in the districtleaving net ground water availability for future irrigation development as3514698ham All the 15 blocks have been categorized as lsquoSafersquo Average pre-monsoon water levels in all the blocks are shallower than 6mbgl Hence additionalirrigation potential can be judiciously exploited in all the blocks62 Ground Water Management in Urban areaDeclining water level trend in Shahjahanpur City requires timely attentionEmphasis is to be given to Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting (RTRWH) in buildingshouses industrial premises In this direction government should take initiatives forinstallation of RTRWH mechanisms in government buildings Campaigns to makepeople aware of the situation and to encourage them to use ground waterjudiciously as well as to take up RTRWH should be undertaken Efforts should bemade minimize transmission conveyance losses

14

63 Demarcation of Arsenic Affected AreaTill now only 8 blocks have been taken up by UP Jal Nigam for survey ofarsenic in ground water which has revealed presence of arsenic above 10ppb in 7blocks and above 50ppb only in 3 samples (out of total 1193) Further studies maybe taken up where arsenic above 50ppb has been found Other parts of the districtare also to be covered to demarcate the extent and magnitude of problem7 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITYNo Mass Awareness Programme or Water Management Training Programmehas been organized by CGWB in Shahjahanpur district8 AREA NOTIFIED BY CGWANo area block of Shahjahanpur district has been notified by CGWA9 RECOMMENDATIONS

Management of Ground Water in Urban Area (Shahjahanpur City) Emphasis is to be given to Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting (RTRWH)in buildings houses industrial premises Government should take initiatives for installation of RTRWHmechanisms in government buildings Campaigns to make people aware of the situation and to encouragethem to use ground water judiciously as well as to take up RTRWH should beundertaken Efforts should be made minimize transmission losses

Arsenic in ground water Extent of the problem of arsenic in ground water should bedemarcated and its magnitude be ascertained

BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCE

CGWB 1997 Delineation of Deep Fresh Water Artesian Aquifers in GangaBasin by Singh BK Chandra PC and Srivastava MM CGWB Unpub ReportManuscript

CGWB 2000 Hydrogeology and Ground Water Potential ShahjahanpurDistrict CGWB Unpub Report

15

Singh OP and Nambiar KV 1993 Quaternary Geology and Geomrphologyof a part of Ganga Basin in Districts Badaun and Shahjahanpur Uttar PradeshGSI Unpub Report

Khan AU and Rawat BP 1993 Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology ofa part of Ganga Basin in parts of Bareilly Badaun Shahjahanpur and Pillibhitdistrict Uttar Pradesh GSI Unpub Report Srivastava AB and Gairola BM 1994 Quaternary Geology andGeomorphology of parts of Shahjahanpur Bareilly Pillibhit amp LakhimpurKheri districts Uttar Pradesh GSI Unpub Report Arsenic Toxicity in Ground Water of Uttar Pradesh - Technical Report ofSWaRA Government of UP District Sankhyiki Patrika available on website updesupnicin (UP Directorateof Economics amp Statistics) UP Jal Nigam website wwwupjnorg

Census India web site wwwcensusindiagovin

CGWB 2012 State Geophysical Report of Uttar Pradesh CGWB Unpub Report Brief Industrial Profile of Shahjahanpur District UP by MSME DevelopmentInstitute Kanpur Ministry of Micro Small amp Medium Enterprise Governmentof India (available on httpdcmsmegovindipsDIP20Shahjahanpurr20VK 20Bhatt20AD20EIpdf

16

17

18

19

20

21

APPENDIX-I

SlNo

LOCATION Block TYPE OFWELL

DEPTHDRILLED

(mbgl)

DEPTHCONS-

TRUCTED(mbgl)

AQUIFER ZONES TAPPED (mbgl) STATICWATERLEVEL(mbgl)

DIS-CHARGE

(lpm)

DRAWDOWN

(m)

SPECIFICCAPACITY(lpmm) of

DD

TRANSMI-SSIVITY T(m2day)

STORA-TIVITY S

REMARKS

1 BARAGAON Powayan SH 45600 22000 26-32 33-44 48-66 96-79 90-111121-146 153-166 180-187 192-217

--- --- --- --- --- ---

2 BHATAURA PRITHV Nigohi EW 45008 26000 61-63 93-111 126-138 147-159171-183 192-204 210-219 234-246250-256

Pumping Test notconducted

3 IMALIA Jalalabad EW 45000 13400 60-66 81-84 102--129 313 2028 1780 11400 1644 LALPUR BARAGAON Tilhar EW 45386 34300 55-61 84-90 111-123 185-197 240-

264 320-338Pumping Test notconducted

5 PATNI(RANMASTPURBUZURG)

Banda EW 44209 31500 66-84 102-108 114-126 144-162186-192 204-216 240-246 258-264281-287 305-311

Pumping Test notconducted

6 RAMAPUR-I(JAMEEMAMUNWARGANJ)

Kanth EW 16000 16000 46-58 64-82 110-118 136-154 438 1483 2292 6470

7 RAMAPUR-II Kanth EW 45141 40500 196-208 214-220 268-280 304-322364-382 394-400

1393 904 781 11575 Pumping Test notconducted

8 SATWAN BUZURG Powayan EW 45100 43500 90-102 114-126 138-150 156-168186-198 222-234 273-279 291-297321-327 345-351 363-369 417-429

Pumping Test notconducted

9 MESSHAHJAHANPUR

Bhawal Khera EW 36380 18900 84-96 122-132 144-160 172-184 680 2074 242 85702

10 ORDNANCECLOTHING FACTORYSHAHJAHANPUR

Bhawal Khera EW 26100 25000 60-64 90-94 107-111 130-134 196-200 213-217 241-245

870 1983 380 52184 2010 3x10-3

11 JALALABAD Jalalabad EW 24000 23800 132-135 156-162 174-177 209-221224-233

Pumping Test notconducted

22

APPENDIX-II

Dynamic Ground Water Resources Shahjahanpur District UP(as on 31032009)

Block Net AnnualGW

availability(in ham)

Existinggross GWdraft for

Irrigation(in ham)

Existing grossGW draft forDomestic ampIndustrial

Water Supply(in ham)

Existinggross GW

draft for alluses

(in ham)

Provisionfor

domestic ampindustrialsupply for2025 (ham)

Net GWAvailability for

futuredevelopmentfor irrigation

(ham)

Stage of GWdevelopment

(in )

Category

Banda 1587307 896840 43004 939844 60405 630062 5921 Safe

Bhawal Khera 944257 769428 54641 824069 80827 94002 8727 Safe

Dadraul 1262513 1068917 32000 1100917 38936 154660 8720 Safe

Jaitpur 618460 457500 25796 483296 28466 132494 7815 Safe

Jalalabad 1338870 1080164 34114 1114278 35592 223114 8323 Safe

Kalan 657005 547790 36191 583981 52636 56579 8889 Safe

Kanth 797961 656463 28040 684503 37355 104143 8578 Safe

Katra 732328 502220 30209 532429 40621 189487 7270 Safe

Khutar 1534495 900384 24560 924944 24560 609551 6028 Safe

Madnapur 938576 590140 30577 620717 40734 307702 6613 Safe

Mirzapur 898039 656920 30863 687783 42011 199108 7659 Safe

Nigohi 1089424 642213 36258 678471 50440 396771 6228 Safe

Puwayan 955433 744264 34711 778975 48949 162220 8153 Safe

Shidhauli 774067 562458 37936 600394 52603 159006 7756 Safe

Tilhar 734717 605837 27888 633725 33079 95801 8625 Safe

Total District 14863450 10681538 506788 11188326 667214 3514698 7527