Distribution extension of Vitreorana uranoscopa (Anura ... · Distribution of Vitreorana uranoscopa in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 445 Small Hydro Power Plants (SHPP) and Hydro Power

The family Centrolenidae consists of 12 genera including Vitreorana, which is represented by eight described South American species (Guayasamin et al., 2008; 2009; Frost, 2014). Vitreorana uranoscopa (Müller, 1924) is a small arboreal tree frog (Figure 1a), and as other centrolenids, it is commonly known as glass-frog because of its translucent ventral skin (Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2001). The species has a maximum size of 25 mm of snout-vent length, short and spatulate snout (Figure 1b), and reproduces during rainy season, when males (Figure 1c) call from vegetation on banks of streams or forest interior at perch heights greater than one meter above ground (Figure 2a, b and c) (Cunha et al., 2010). Spawns (Figure 2d, e and f) were deposited on vegetation and at the end of its development, the hatching tadpoles directly drop into water (Heyer et al., 1990; Guayasamin et al., 2009; Cunha et al., 2010).

Vitreorana uranoscopa occurs along Atlantic Forest domain, north of the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo and south of Rio Grande do Sul, also occurring in Misiones, Argentina (Lucas and Fortes, 2008; Guayasamin et al., 2009; Almeida et al., 2011; São-Pedro and Feio, 2011). In Brazil V. uranoscopa is classified as presumably threatened in the state of Rio de Janeiro and vulnerable in Rio Grande do Sul (Caramaschi et al., 2000; Garcia and Vinciprova, 2003). The energy policy adopted in the country and in the state of Rio Grande do Sul has prioritized the demand for power plants, mainly hydropower plants (HPP) (Capeletto and Moura, 2011). Implementation of this policy certainly contributes to habitat changes through the transformation of small-scale streams in rivers and lakes formations (Garcia and Vinciprova, 2003).

To improve the knowledge on the Vitreorana uranoscopa distribution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, we reviewed the known distribution and present the new records in the state (Figure 3). To assess the current state of knowledge on the distribution of glass-frog we conducted literature surveys, field trips, visits of museum’s collections and search for information in computerized collections, e.g. SpeciesLink (http://www.splink.org.br). The currently known distribution of glass-frog in the state of Rio Grande do Sul includes only five localities in the municipalities of Planalto (banks of Várzea River) (Garcia and Vinciprova, 1998), Rodeio Bonito and Barracão (Parque Estadual de Espigão Alto) (Garcia and Vinciprova, 2003), São Marcos (Machado et al., 2010) and Vila Maria (Savaris et al., 2011). The region where V. uranoscopa occurs in the Atlantic Forest domain is covered basically by two types of forest formations: Araucaria moist Forest and Serra do Mar Coastal Forest. Annual precipitation is about 1,400 mm, with a dry season between summer and autumn; the annual mean temperature is about

Herpetology Notes, volume 7: 443-446 (2014) (published online on 5 July 2014)

Distribution extension of Vitreorana uranoscopa (Anura: Centrolenidae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul,

southern Brazil.

Ibere Farina Machado1*, Daniel Bühler2, Michelle Abadie3, Alfredo P. Santos-Jr Júnior4 and Raquel Rocha Santos5

1 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia. Prédio do ICB 1, Campus Samambaia, Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.

2 Rua José de Alencar, nº 680, ap 202, 93900-000, Ivoti, RS, Brazil.

3 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

4 Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Educação, Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento Animal, Rua Vera Paz s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil.

5 Rua Roque Calage, nº 200, ap 108, 91350-090, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

19°C and the minimum temperature falls below 13°C in winter (Maluf, 2000).

As summarized in Table 1, one of the new records (Figure 3) was based on a single male (UFRGS 5161)

collected during calling activity in the municipality of Arvorezinha. Besides that, the other new records were conducted in the course of Environmental Impact Studies for the construction of Dams for Water Supply (DWS),

Ibere Farina Machado et al.444

Figure 1. Adult specimens of Vitreorana uranoscopa from municipalities of: A. Nova Roma do Sul; B. Arvorezinha; and C. Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul state.

Figure 2. Oviposition sites and spawn, respectively, of Vitreorana uranoscopa from municipality of Maquiné (A and D), Nova Roma do Sul (B and E) and Caxias do Sul (C and F) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Distribution of Vitreorana uranoscopa in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 445

Small Hydro Power Plants (SHPP) and Hydro Power Plants (HPP). As for the municipality of Nova Roma do Sul for the implementation of HPP Castro Alves, where only one specimen was observed during calling activity (UFRGS 4580) perched on leaves from riparian forest at a shallow stream (Figure 2c), close to three spawns (Figure 2d); municipality of Nova Roma do Sul (MCP-Anfíbios 11979); in SHPP Albano Machado in the municipality of Trindade do Sul (UFRGS 4347, 4348 and 4380-4383) and municipality of Nonoai at HPP Monjolinho (UFRGS 3447) and close to the Erechim river (UFRGS 2586); and in two coordinates for municipality of Caxias do Sul at a DWS (MCP-Anfíbios 11110, 11491, 11664, 11667 and MCP-Anfíbios 11665, 11666). A casual sampling resulted in the record in the municipality of Maquiné (29º30’13” S, 50º14’13” W, 268 m above sea level) by an acoustic record, where an unreachable specimen vocalized on leaves of riparian forest in a torrential stream due to heavy rains (Figure

2a), and a nearby clutch (Figure 2d). Based on the knowledge on the diversity of anurans known for the state of Rio Grande do Sul and through comparisons of our acoustic recordings with audio files available in the online supplement of Heyer et al. (1990), we assigned these observations to Vitreorana uranoscopa.

The present study reveals that Vitreorana uranoscopa shows a somewhat wider distribution than previously known and ads a series of new locality records. The record from municipality of Maquiné is the southernmost and lowest altitude record known for this species.

Acknowledgments. The authors would like to thank in particular the studies in Forest Park State Nonoai, those responsible for environmental studies carried out in HPP Monjolinho and SHPP Albano Machado. We also thank Daniel Beim for allowing entry on his farm in the municipality of Maquiné and Vivian Uhlig for building the the first version of the map. As well to Ana Carolina Anés, Caroline Zank, Eduardo Polanczyk and Nathalia Rocha Matias for assistance in field work and to João Victor Lacerda and Leonardo Moreira with corrections in previous versions of this manuscript. To Sistema de Autorização e Informação em

Figure 3. Map with the known distribution of Vitreorana uranoscopa in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where the black dots are the previously known localities (literature records) and the red diamond are the new records. We use Datum WGS - 84 for all Geographic Coordinate System and “World Physical Map” as topography layer.

Municipality Vouchers Coordinates Reference Arvorezinha UFRGS 5161 28º51'19"S, 52º18'20"W New record Barracão No voucher 27º38'37"S, 51º28'44"W Garcia and Vinciprova, 2003Caxias do Sul MCP 11110 29º02'13"S, 50º59'08"W New record Caxias do Sul MCP 11491 29º02'11"S, 50º59'05"W New record Caxias do Sul MCP 11664 29º02'11"S, 50º59'05"W New record Caxias do Sul MCP 11665 29º02'00"S, 50º59'19"W New record Caxias do Sul MCP 11666 29º02'00"S, 50º59'19"W New record Caxias do Sul MCP 11667 29º02'11"S, 50º59'05"W New record Maquine No voucher 29º30'14"S, 50º14'13"W New record Nonoai UFRGS 2586 27º22'18"S, 52º42'37"W New record Nonoai UFRGS 3447 27º22'15"S, 52º42'40"W New record Nova Roma do Sul MCP 11979 29º00'58"S, 51º21'41"W New record Nova Roma do Sul UFRGS 4580 28º57'14"S, 51º22'58"W New record Planalto UFRGS 1465 27º19'44"S, 53º03'31"W Garcia and Vinciprova, 1998Planalto UFRGS 1466 27º19'44"S, 53º03'31"W Garcia and Vinciprova, 1998Rodeio Bonito No voucher 27º28'16”S, 53º08'36"W Garcia and Vinciprova, 2003São Marcos MCP 9986 29º02'10"S, 51º05'31"W Machado et al., 2010 São Marcos MCP 9987 29º02'10"S, 51º05'31"W Machado et al., 2010 Trindade do Sul UFRGS 4347 27º30'13"S, 52º49'16"W New record Trindade do Sul UFRGS 4348 27º30'13"S, 52º49'16"W New record Trindade do Sul UFRGS 4380 27º30'13"S, 52º49'16"W New record Trindade do Sul UFRGS 4381 27º30'13"S, 52º49'16"W New record Trindade do Sul UFRGS 4382 27º30'13"S, 52º49'16"W New record Trindade do Sul UFRGS 4383 27º30'13"S, 52º49'16"W New record Vila Maria CAUC 988 28º30'00"S, 52º02'00"W Savaris et al., 2011 Vila Maria CAUC 989 28º30'00"S, 52º02'00"W Savaris et al., 2011

Table 1. Literature and new records of Vitreorana uranoscopa in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. MCP: Coleção Herpetológica do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; UFRGS: Coleção Herpetológica, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; CAUC: Coleção de Anfíbios da Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó.

Biodiversidade (SISBIO/ICMBio) for allowing us to collect specimens (permit number: 10341-1 and 37794-1).

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Accepted by Miguel Vences

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