Dissertation Defense - Social Representations of CMCs in Mozambique

Social Representations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique

Dissertation presented by Sara Vannini!Supervised by Lorenzo Cantoni!

Structure

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Research Trends

Social Representations

[Moscovici, 1961]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context

Research Questions

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Data Generation & Analyses

Vannini, S., Rega, I., Cantoni, L. (2013). Information and Communication Flows through Community Multimedia Centres: Perspectives from Mozambican Communities. Information Technology for Development (ITD). Pp. 1-14. !

Rega, I., Vannini, S., Fino, E., Cantoni, L. (2013). Exploring the Meanings of Community Multimedia Centers in Mozambique: A Social Representations Perspective. Information Technology and International Development (ITID), Vol. 9, Issue 4.!

Vannini, S., Rega, I., Sala, S., Cantoni, L., (accepted). Using Photo-elicitation to Explore Social Representations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique. Submitted to the Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries (EJISDC).!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions

Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

telecentres

community radios

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Research Trends

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Public Access Venues

enthusiasm and failures

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Gómez, 2013; Rega, 2010]!

sustainability

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Best, Thakur & Kolko, 2010; Kleine, 2013]!

(financial, technical, political, social) sustainability

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Ali & Bailur, 2007; Bailey, 2009]!

impacts digital inclusion

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Sey et al., 2013]!

(still) huge investments

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

one-size-fits-all

[Unwin, 2009]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Design-reality gaps

[Heeks, 2002; 2003]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

stronger focus on the context

[Irani, Vertesi, Dourish, Philip & Grinter, 2010; Johri & Pal, 2012; Tedre, Sutinen, Kähkönen & Kommers, 2006; Van Zyl, 2013]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

participatory approaches

[Gómez, 2013; Kleine & Unwin, 2009]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Theoretical Framework

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Social Representations

[Moscovici, 1961]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Social Representations

[Moscovici, 1961]!

systems of values, ideas and practices,

that are shared among a given social group

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Social Representations

enable individuals to orientate themselves and interpret their world

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Moscovici, 1961]!

Social Representations

enable individuals to orientate themselves and interpret their world

provide a code that enables communication among the members of a community

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Moscovici, 1961]!

EGO! ALTER!

OBJECT!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Moscovici, 2000]!

EGO! ALTER!

OBJECT!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

in te r-sub ject iv i ty relationship with the other and with the context to give meaning

[Billig, 1996; Byford, 2002; Moscovici, 1984; 2000; Wagner et al., 1999]!

agency and creative power of the human being are allowed

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Moscovici, 1961; Voelklein & Howarth, 2005]!

cogni t i ve po lyphas ia development and negotiation of social representations lead to contradictions and conflicts

[Moscovici, 1961; Voelklein & Howarth, 2005]!

agency and creative power of the human being are allowed

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Markovà, 2003; Mauri, 2007]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Emergence

[Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Markovà, 2003; Mauri, 2007]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Emergence

Stability

[Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Markovà, 2003; Mauri, 2007]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Emergence

Transformation

Stability

SRT & ICT4D

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

SRT & ICT4D

SRT & International Development

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

SRT & ICTs

inclusion of the context & different social groups

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Bailey & Ngwenyama, 2011; Contarello et al., 2008]!

inclusion of the context & different social groups

participatory, design-oriented approach

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Duarte et al., 2009; Siddique & Kagan, 2006; Winskell et al., 2011]!

inclusion of the context & different social groups

participatory, design-oriented approach fitting for rapidly evolving phenomena

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Fortunati & Manganelli, 2008; Sarrica, 2011]!

inclusion of the context & different social groups

participatory, design-oriented approach fitting for rapidly evolving phenomena

used to inform policy-makers and to find drivers for individual actions

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Araujo, 2010; Cruz & Marinho, 2012]!

Methods:

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Methods:

mixed methods prevailing

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Methods:

mixed methods prevailing small variety for SRT & ICT4D

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Research Questions

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

What are the social representations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique according to their different stakeholders?

1.  

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Is Social Representations Theory "a suitable theoretical paradigm to be employed for advancements in ICT4D?

2.  

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Is the chosen research strategy suitable to assess Social Representations in ICT4D?

3.  

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Participants’ Selection

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

C M C s i n M o z a m b i q u e , 2 0 1 1

Morrumbene Cuamba

Ful l Access CMCs

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Chiure Chokwe Dondo

Quelimane Sussundenga Xinavane

Offline CMCs

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Chitima Ilha de Moçambique

Connected Community Radios

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Data Generation

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Interview Protocol

Photo-elicitation

About the interviewee

CMC identity

CMC and the Community

Perception of CMC and ICTs

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

images provide valuable information on social representations that

is not accessible otherwise

[Mamali, 2006]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

empowering

foster participants’ reflection

decrease risk of pre-conceived responses

richer data to the researcher

[Bignante, 2010; Clark-Ibáñez, 2004; Collier, 1967; Dodman, 2003; Nemer, 2013; Uimonen, 2013; Young & Barrett, 2001]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

empowering

foster participants’ reflection

decrease risk of pre-conceived responses

richer data to the researcher

[Bignante, 2010; Clark-Ibáñez, 2004; Collier, 1967; Dodman, 2003; Nemer, 2013; Uimonen, 2013; Young & Barrett, 2001]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

empowering

foster participants’ reflection

decrease risk of pre-conceived responses

richer data to the researcher

[Bignante, 2010; Clark-Ibáñez, 2004; Collier, 1967; Dodman, 2003; Nemer, 2013; Uimonen, 2013; Young & Barrett, 2001]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

empowering

foster participants’ reflection

decrease risk of pre-conceived responses

richer data to the researcher

[Bignante, 2010; Clark-Ibáñez, 2004; Collier, 1967; Dodman, 2003; Nemer, 2013; Uimonen, 2013; Young & Barrett, 2001]!

Participant-Driven Photo-Elicitation

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Photo-elicitation protocol

What do you like the most...?

What should be improved...?

What does this represent to you?

Initiating Agencies #2

Staff Members #57

Users TC + RC #95

Radio Users #72

Non-Users #8

Data Analysis

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

1.  Photo-taxonomy 2.  Deductive Content Analysis on photos-

related text [Online Communication Model]!3.  Inductive Content Analysis"

[N-Vivo]!4.  Automatic analysis of the reciprocal

relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

1.  Photo-taxonomy 2.  Deductive Content Analysis on photos-

related text [Online Communication Model]!3.  Inductive Content Analysis"

[N-Vivo]!4.  Automatic analysis of the reciprocal

relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

1.  Photo-taxonomy 2.  Deductive Content Analysis on photos-

related text [Online Communication Model]

3.  Inductive Content Analysis"[N-Vivo]

4.  Automatic analysis of the reciprocal relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]

3 Spaces

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

1.  Photo-taxonomy 2.  Deductive Content Analysis on photos-

related text [Online Communication Model]!3.  Inductive Content Analysis"

[N-Vivo]!4.  Automatic analysis of the reciprocal

relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!

1.  Photo-taxonomy 2.  Deductive Content Analysis on photos-

related text [Online Communication Model]!3.  Inductive Content Analysis"

[N-Vivo]!4.  Automatic analysis of the reciprocal

relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[Cantoni & Tardini, 2006; Inversini & Cantoni, 2014; Rega, 2010]!

Services Facilities & Tools People Managing People Using

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

1.  Photo-taxonomy 2.  Deductive Content Analysis on photos-

related text [Online Communication Model]!3.  Inductive Content Analysis"

[N-Vivo]!4.  Automatic analysis of the reciprocal

relationships among textual units"[T-Lab]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Outcomes

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

RC

TC

INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION,

SOCIO-POLITICAL ROLE RC

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

local and national

participation and change

EDUTAINMENT RC

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

educational role

entertainment

LEARNING CENTRE

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Gap Context

TC

learning and job opportunities

access to ICTs (little to information)

not a voice to the outside

COPY-CENTRE

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

TC

financial support

INTERNET & its possibilities

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

RC

TC

indirect experience

BUREAUCRATIC UMBRELLA

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

RC

TC

welcoming cozy

comfortable

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

appearance

unhealthy

social-recognition self-esteem

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

passion and skills development

social recognition

Conclusions

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

What are the social representations of Community Multimedia Centres in Mozambique according to their different stakeholders?

1.  

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

BUREAUCRATIC UMBRELLA

INTERNET & its possibilities

INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION,

SOCIO-POLITICAL ROLE EDUTAINMENT

LEARNING CENTRE

COPY-CENTRE

cozy

RC

TC

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Is Social Representations Theory "a suitable theoretical paradigm to be employed for advancements in ICT4D?

2.  

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Design-Reality Gap is addressed

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

integrated view: Initiating Agencies’ expectations & Local Ownership

Design-Reality Gap is addressed

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

integrated view: Initiating Agencies’ expectations & Local Ownership

insights on appropriation and reinvention of a (new) social object

Design-Reality Gap is addressed

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Is the chosen research strategy suitable to assess Social Representations in ICT4D?

3.  

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

mixed methods allow to grab the complexity of the phenomenon

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

photo-elicitation allowed for participation and for gaining different and original insights

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Contributions

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

about Mozambican CMCs

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

synergies between Community Radios and Telecentres?

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Telecentres do not offer contextualized services

about Mozambican CMCs

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Telecentres do not offer contextualized services

more advanced services!!!

about Mozambican CMCs

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

need for training Staff members

more advanced services!!!

about Mozambican CMCs

Limitations

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

photo-elicitation protocol

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

relationship “donors”-recipient bias

photo-elicitation protocol

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

only a static snapshot

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

Future Lines of Work

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

the “cool” factor and the dimension of leisure diachronic dimension the whole ecosystem of public access in Mozambique improve photo-elicitation protocol faster methods for data analysis uses for design

[Gómez & Gould, 2010; Gómez, 2011]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

the “cool” factor and the dimension of leisure explore the use of SRs for design

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

[see: David, Vannini, Rega & Cantoni, 2013; Van Zyl & Vannini, 2013; Aguirre, Vannini, Rega & Cantoni, 2013]!

the “cool” factor and the dimension of leisure explore the use of SRs for design

dynamic dimension to Social Representations diachronically changes for kind of PAVs influence on capabilities and

activities [Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Maury, 2007; Markovà, 2003]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

the “cool” factor and the dimension of leisure explore the use of SRs for design

dynamic dimension to Social Representations diachronically changes for kind of PAVs influence on capabilities and activities [Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Maury, 2007; Markovà, 2003]!

Conclusions  Outcomes  Methodology  Theoretical Framework  Research Trends Context

THANK YOU!