Dissemination of Combat Information 24 January 1954

8/3/2019 Dissemination of Combat Information 24 January 1954

1/24

O ~ ~ J C E , CHIEF O F ARMY FIELD FORCESFor t Monroe, Virginia

JNCLASSlFlEDUNCLASSifiED

17 November 1953SUBJECT: Dissemination of Combat InformationC , l

( 1 ~ /) '_TO: See distribution 11F F ,(mu.- ) ~ ( I . u ) . f ' y',

1. In accordance with SR 525- 85- 5, Proce ssing of Combat Informat ion, the inclosed EXTRACTS are forwarded fo r evaluat ion and necessary action. It m ay be appropr ia te , in cer ta in cases , to take action upon a single extracted i tem; in others , it m ay be desirable to develop a cross - sec t ion of accumulated extracts on a par t icu lar subject before init iating action; and, often the extracted i tem serves to reaff i rm our doctrine s and tec hniques.

2. Copies are furnished to other mili tary agencies to keep them informed concerning theater problems from the front line through the logis t ical command.

3. These EXTRACTS are derived from repor ts which a re c las s i f ied SECRE T. For the greater convenience of the user , this Office ass igns each extracted i tem the lowest classification compatible with secur i ty . No effort is made to paraphrase or delete any port ion of the extracted r emarks , so that none of the original intent is lost .

FOR THE CHIEF O F ARMY FIELD FORCES:~ S l f I E D BY MI!'TY OF~ O & 2 ~ ON " , /.'/( / / - / , / I//1 ' p ~ ~ ( ' ~ t ' . I " L //',1.-.1 1 n ~ B Y ~ ~ _ A. B. CHATHAM

Extrac ts , I tems Lt Col, AGCNo 136 thru 168 Asst Adjutant Genera l

DISTRIB UTION:(Over)

CN 83145

UNCLASSifiED" ..."...,,,....... -. ., Army-OCAFF-44S7 , . '. .


2/24

~ ; A I t ~ . ; . ~ . . , . . ~ ~ 3 JfJUiiIil'C1if1I 2

UNCLASS\flEO

DISTRIBUTION:3 ACOFS, G-l , DA3 ACOFS, G-2, DA 10 The Surgeon Genera l

15 ACOFS, G-3, DA 4 Chief of Transportat ion20 ACOFS, G-4, DA OCAFF1 The Adjutant General 1 G l2 Chief of Chaplains 1 GZ

10 Chief Chemical Officer 20 G310 Chief of Engineers Z G4Z Chief of Finance 5 DT2 Chief of Information 1 Ch2 The Inspector General 1 Cml2 The Judge Advocate General 1 Compt2 Chief of Mili tary History 1 Engr2 Chief, National Guard Bureau 1 Info

10 Chief of Ordnance 1 Med2 The Provost Marshal General 1 O rd

10 The Quar te rmas ter General 1 PM2 Executive for Reserve and 1 OM

ROTC Affairs 1 Sig .10 Chief Signal Officer 1 Trans

COPIES FURNISHED:134 TAG (40 CG, US Army Forces , Far East (Main); 44 CINe.

US Army, Europe; 10 ea CGls, other major oversea commands)

CGls2 Firs t Army2 Second Army4 Third Army

12 Fourth Army4 Fifth Army2 Sixth Army4 Army AA Command2 Military Distr ic t of Washington2 Tactical Air Command1 Mountain & Cold Weather Tng CommandI Cha i rman ,Jo in t Chiefs of StaffI Chief of Staff, Dept of the Army2 Chief of Naval Operations, Dept of the Navy2 Comdt, US Marine Corps2 Chief, Army Advisory Gp, A ir Command and Staff School.

Air Univer sHy(See next page)

i . 2UNClASSIFIED,


3/24

RE!9J}(}C )ED ShSilbS; "OJ Mum JUSUNCLASSIFIED

ATTNG-26 350. OS/22(DOCI)(17 Nov 53) 17 November 1953Subject: Disseminat ion of Combat InformationCOPIES FURNISHED: (Cont)

I AFF LNO. A rm y C m l Cen2 Comdt of Cadets . US Mil i tary Academy

Comdt1 Armed Forces Staff College2 Marine Corps School2 USAF Air-Ground Operat ions School2 Counter Intel l igence Corps School2 The Provos t Marsha l Genera l ' s School2 Army War C ol lege2 CGSC2 Army G eneral School2 The Armored School2 The Arti l lery School2 The Infantry School2 Army Aviation School2 Ass t Comdt, The Art i l le ry School

AA&GM Branch2 Chief, Army Securi ty AgencyI Officer in Charge, Atlantic Fleet Intell igence Cen,

Attn: Ground Forces OfficerI Direc tor , Weapons Systems Evaluat ion Group.. Secy of Defense.

Attn: Col TrainPresI Bd No 1 , OCAFF

I Bd No 2, OCAFF1 Bd No 3, OCAFF1 Bd No 4, OCAFF1 CO, Arct ic Test Branch, OCAFF

Chiefs1 HR U No I , OCAFFI HRU No 2, OCAFFI HRU No 3, OCAFFI D ir of Specia l Weapons Developments, AFFI Dir , Air Universi ty LibraryOCAFF1 DCOFS2 Combat Developments OCAFF4 Combat Arms Advisory Gp 5 G3 (26)2 Brit ish Liaison Officer 1 AG Records2 Canadian Liaison Officer 11 Extra copies

3UNCLASSIFIED ,MgO,.,'lCYES


4/24

- - - - -_ . ,_ ._ - - - - - - _ ...

.1 sUNCLASSIFIED (RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 136

NIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY FOR TARGET LOCATION. - The employ men t of flash and other ground o p t s in locating enemy ar t i l lery has cer tain inherent l imitations. The two mos t obvious a re the inabil i ty of anOP to keep i ts ent i re sector under continuous observat ion, and dur ingperiods of moderate o r heavy enemy ar t i l lery firing to locate or engagemore than a few targets ,

The requi rement for locating act ive enemy ar t i l lery goes beyondthe immediate , but impor tant , requi rement for neutral izat ion f ires . Ofgrea te r impor tance is the need for verifying occupied locations so thatthey can be engaged for destruct ion by using observed f i re techniques, assoon as visibil i ty and other factors permi t . Consider ing the large numberof ar t i l lery posit ions (tunnels, bunkers , caves) which the enemy have con s tructed, and the relatively large nu mber of these that are unoccupied onany given day, it is of vi tal imp or tance that targets engaged be not jus t aposit ion, but an occupied position. To ass i s t in solving this problem,experiments have been made with night photography.

Essent ia l ly the technique of night photography involved a nightt imeshot double exposed on a previously taken daylight exposure. This per mits location of act ive enemy ar t i l lery posit ions on a photograph whichgives sufficient detail to locate those posi t ions. The observed des t ruction firing can then be directed on positions definitely occupied. Resul tsso far have been encouraging. On at leas t one occasion a new enemy a r t i l lery posit ion was picked up. Normal ly the posi t ions picked up werealready exist ing posi t ions, occupancy of which was undetermined a t thatt ime.

While the technique has been employed only in fixed posit ion warfare it would be of equal value in a w ar of movement . Also this techniquecould be employed by division art i l lery to aid in Iocating targets otherthan enemy ar t i l le ry .

When one considers th e cos t of one round of del ivered 8" howitzerammuni t ion and the number of rounds required to des t roy a single enemyar t i l lery posit ion, the r ea l value of any target getting technique whose endis to engage not only posit ions but occupied posit ions is evident . Recom mend that the exper iment be continued by the appropria te agencies in theCONUS.

INCLOSURE

UNCLASSIFIED


5/24

UNCLASSIFIED Detai led Procedures :a . One o r more Op1s a re selected from which enemy ar t i l le ry

activi ty, actual" or expected, can be observed . Afte r the az imuth to thecenter of the a re a has been determined the photographer(s) is br iefed.He is told what az imuth on which to lay his camera , and dur ing what houro r hours photograph i s requ i red .

b. The photographer a r r iv e s a t the OP dur ing dayl ight hours . Thecamera is solidly mounted on sandbags and laid on the prope r az imuth ,which is checked on the ground-g lass focusing sc reen of the camera . A tth i s point the daylight exposure{s} is made . The exposure used is 1/2stop und=' normal exposure , using a regu la r high- speed panchromat icfilm such as Super XX.

c. Afte r the dayl ight exposure i s made the camera and fi lm re main fixed in posi t ion. Dur ing hours o f darkness the shut t e r is openedfor about one hour , to approximately f5 .6 , to take advantage of night ,i l luminat ion . The resu l t when the film i s developed is a norma l daylightshot with pinpoint f lashes indicating act ive f ~ n e m y ar t i l le ry super imposedon the photo.

d. The second shot may be taken in reverse fashion, i . e . , takethe night t ime exposure f i rs t and the daylight shot in the morn ing . Addit ional ly , on a bright moonl ight or s tar l ight night a shot m ay be takenduring the night only. This requ i res from tw o to four hours exposure .The resu l t s a re diff icult to read because of shadows and lack of detai l .Another possibi l i ty i s to take a norma l dayt ime shot and a se r i e s of nightexposures on separa te film s t r ip s . Print ing these requ i res a se r i e s ofsuccess ive super impos it ions in printing which a re a t bes t diff icult . Thef i rs t method out l ined has been found to be the most prac t ica l .

e . The film is forwarded by a i r to the photo lab and complete lydeveloped and printed within 40 minutes after arr iva l . From there thefinished product i s sent to the corps ar t i l le ry S- 2 for evaluat ion.

f. At this point the problem is one of matching the photo to thecounterba t t e ry map. Since the coordinates of the O P are known and thecoordinates o f dis tant points on the photo can be determined , a se r i e s ofdi rec t iona l rays can be drawn on the photo. General ly i f the photographis a good one, inspect ion alone wi l l give the locat ion once the az imuth i sknown. However , tw o photographs f rom an O P base can be taken and in tersect ing r ays plot ted o n the counterba t t e ry made to give ;:1. higher degreeof accuracy . _ _ * " : ~ " " " " " __.....

2UNCLASSIFIED


6/24

, ~ l t . ~ i i ' , ( ' 4 i f . " , ~ " " " : ~ ~ ~ f . ; ~

29& ....., . . ~ V I ! J N C l ) ~ S S I F 1 E D

g. In most cases the ray plots through a known locat ion confi rming the fact that it is present ly occupied. When a new posit ion is pickedup, i t should be verified by other means as soon as possible . A l i t t lepract ice makes i t possible to discern between outgoing enemy art i l lerya ~ d the la rge r and more i r regu la r l ight spot indicating our own outgoingar t i l l e ry landing. Thus far no exper iment s have been conducted on superimposing a g,rid on the photograph. I t has not been found necessa ry forcounterbatte .ry purposes and there is considerable doubt if a horizonta l(range) grid i s feasible, although a ver t ic le (angle of s i te) grid and direct ional rays can be penciled on in a shor t t ime.

h. Equipment used in th is experiment was the s tandard PU=4'? .. , " . ~ " Speed Graphic with either Super XX o r Superpan P re s s f i lm. So far not ripod has been avai lable for the camera . The normal ly i s sued t r ipodshave not been found sat is factory for this work. The "combat tr ipod ll consist ing of a heavy-duty pan-t i l t head, and shor t "machine gun" t r ipodlegs can be solidly locked in posit ion, and will allow the aper tu re andlens sett ing of the camera to be locked in posit ion without disturbing thecamera posi t ion. The shor t legs allow i t to be se t in the O P aper tu rethus minimiz ing danger to the photographer .

,r i . A simple camera could be const ructed which would permit1 wider use of this technique without the necessi ty for highly t ra ined photographers . The requirements for such a camera a re :

(1) Lens; focal length 8-10", aperture f5.6 or 4 .5 to f22.(2 ) Shut ters ; t ime 1/25, 1/50, 1/100 sec .(3) Focus; fi.xed a t infinity.(4 ) Body; al l metal with simple wire f rame view finder.(5) Standard 4" x 5" cut film holders o r film pack adap te rs .(6 ) Gro ~ ~ d g 1 ' a b ' . f o . c . ~ sing pa ne I.

~ " " > ' . " l "

j . The focal length on the PH-47 camera (5 11 ) is not ideal for thiswork since, a t the range involved, not enough detai l is given. (Command Report - 101st Sig Bn - May 1953)

L OCAFF Comment: The method descr ibed above is worthy offurther exploitation and development. Thi.s informat ion should be o f valueto combat t roops in an active situation.

3UNCLASSIFIED JM"hC J .2 b

SKf1@'iY "'[Sg"M'ON
http:///reader/full/counterbatte.ryhttp:///reader/full/counterbatte.ry


7/24

--------- - - - - - - - ~

!/

/ \/ \ \'\1)III!i

)S1iJIrISM8 .'UNCLASSIFIED IF T T ' "'re"aps'tFWith reference to the recommendat ion for a camera with different

lens charac te r is t ics than that normal to th e PH-47 , an accessory lens for use with this camera is the PH-277. I t has a 10" focal length and an aper ture of f. 1:4.85. This lens has been included in the proposed revi sion of the T/O&E of the Signal Battalion (Corps)..:,.7

,..

/ (RESTRICTED) __9. : '> ' ITEM NO 13 7TEST FIRING lSS-MM VT AMMUNITION. - Test fi ring of lSS-mm

gun ammuni t ion with VT fuze T76E9 has been conducted in Korea duringthe past three months. As a safety precaution, tes t fi ring was conductedfrom posi t ions within five seconds t ime of flight from the front l ines.Thirty ear ly burs ts , varying from nine seconds af ter firing to five secondsbefore terminat ion of t ra jectory, were reported among the 1,298 roundstes ted with normal or super charge. Resul ts of the tests compare favorably with those at tained by using VT fuzed ammuni t ion in weapons of otherca l ibers . The higher muzzle velocity of the lSS-mm gun had no mater i a leffect on the fuze, and use of the VT fuze greatly increased the effect iveness of the ISS-mm gun. (Command Report - Eighth Army - M ar 53)

L OCAFF Comment: The cur ren t production VT Fuze, T227, forapplicat ion with ISS-mm and la rger cal iber weapons is designed for usewith the lSS-mm ~ u n . The use of any VT fuze with ISS-mm gun project i lesi s predicated upon th e availabi l i ty of deep-cavit ized shel ls . Althoughfuture production is expected to incorporate the deep-cavity feature, pres ent stocks of lSS-mm gun ammuni t ion do not.

F or other i tems on this subject . re fe r to Source No 73 0 and 731, in closure to le t ter , ATTNG-26 350.05/6 (DOCI)(C)(18 May 53), OCAFF,18 May 1953, subject : "Disseminat ion of Combat Information.

4 UNCLASSIFIED IINCLASSIFIED " ' ~ r r . S ____....


8/24

. ---- . -- ._" t : t ~ . . ; . ' ~ \ . . i . ' { ~ : ~ ~ . ~ ; ~ ~ i ' V . ~ ' - ~ ~ " .P.,.'>-, .. ~ j , ~ ' " " ! ~ ; q l j i ] ' ~ ' ~ l Q i tSSSHQ'U "'ngwne"

UNCLASSIFIED

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 139DIFFICULTIES WITH CAST IRON BRACES FOR RADIOS. - Diffi

cul t ies have a l ready been encountered with the ca s t i ron brace which holdsthe radio to the jeep fender . Rough roads of Korea over which mil i ta rypolice operate , make this brace impract icable . A modificat ion in theform of a s tee l mounting together with sa lvage t i res for cushions to r idebetween t h ~ mount and the jeep fender is being developed by this unit .(Command Report - 728th MP Bn - Jul 53)

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 140ACCIDENTAL SETTING O F F NAPALM MINES. - Care is needed

to prevent l inemen f rom tapping into wires attached to napalm mines andset t ing them off with EE-8 telephones. (Command Report - 35th Inf Regt May 53)

(RESTRIC TED) ITEM NO 141INADEQUACY O F M2 and M3 SMOKE GENERA TORS FOR REAR

AREA OPERA TIONS. - Due to congest ion, inadequate road nets , andpoor visibi l i ty, the mobil i ty of th e smoke generator is curtai led in r ea rarea instal lat ion miss ions . The comparat ively shor t per iod of t ime theM2 or M3 smoke generator is able to produce smoke without resupply offog oil has been found to be a disadvantage , as resupply is hampered bythe same factors that curtai l the mobili ty of the smoke genera tor . Thevolume of smoke produced by the M2 or M3 smoke genera tor is too sma l lto rapidly cover the large areas usually assigned to r ea r a rea smoke opera t ions .

Recommend that a study be initiated to invest 'gate the requi rementof a smoke generator s imi la r to the Ml smoke genera tor . This smokegenera tor should produce a la rge volume of smoke in a shor t per iod oft ime with a fuel supply of 6 - 8 hours available a t semipermanent ins ta l lat ions, which would "Box" the vital areas . Such a smoke genera torsupplemented, if necessary , with mobile M2 o r M3 smoke genera torswould provide a more rapid and denser smoke coverage than than pres ently available with the M2 and M3 smoke genera tor . (Command Repor t Korea-k Base Section - Jun 53 )

5UNCLASSIFIED " : i ' , ~ 'i:"


9/24

------- --UNCLASSIFIED

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 142VT FUZE WITH PERCUSSION ELEMENT. - Occasional ly , var i

able t ime fuzes have failed to activate and duds have resu l ted .Recommend that action be taken to expedite the del ivery of var iable

t ime fuzes containing a percuss ion element . (Command Report - 39thFA Bn - May 53)

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 143PRIME MOVER FOR 240-MM HOWITZER. - This unit is organized

as a 240-mm howitzer battal ion, towed, under T/O&E 6-515, 18 July 50,with Changes 1 and 2. This T/O&E author izes 12 M-6 t ractors as pr imemover s for the battal ion. Four t ractors are issued to each of the th reefiring batter ies and a re used as pr ime movers for the tw o howitzers andtw o car r iages per bat tery . The authorization of 12 M -6 t ractors doesnot provide one spare pr ime mover in the battal ion. Through the experience gained on movements , it has been found that one o r more of theM-6 ' s usually breaks down. In the event this battal ion had to displace asa unit within a shor t t ime i t might not be possible to move a ll pieces tothe new s i te .

Recommend that this bat tal ion and other battal ions organized underT /O&E 6- 515 be authorized one additional M-6 t r ac tor per firing bat tery

. (Command Report - 159th FA Bn - Jun 53 )

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 144DITCH DRAINAGE. - In many ins tances along the MSR, the depth

of di tch necessary to proper ly dra in the subgrade, results in the adjoining r ice paddy water level being a t a higher elevation than the ditch. During the growing season, the fa rmers pro tec t and maintain their dikesbut during the winter months the dikes fall into dis repa ir and dra in th epaddy into the di tches , thus saturating the road subgrade which causes apumping action to take place under sustained heavy traffic. To preventthe satura t ion of the subgrade, the pract ice of placing an insulating layero f granular mater ia l below the subgrade has been adopted. The minimumthickness of the insulating layer has been set a t four inches . To avoidf ros t boils and pumping action th e insulating blanket is being used in cutsby excavating below grade and backfil l ing with the granular mater ia l .(Command Repor t - 24th Engr Const ruct ion Gp)


10/24

--

:1te'!f5ff U N C l A : : : ' ~ I F I E D

/- OCAFF Comment : For o ther ext rac t on this subject , see I temNo 48;- inclosure to le t te r , A TTNG- 26 350.05/11 (DOCI)(C)(10 Sep 53),O C A FF, 10 September 1953, subject: "Disseminat ion of Combat Information.:.:....7

(RESTRIC TED) ITEM NO 14 5VOLTAGE REGULA TOR FOR POR TABLE ELECTROSURGICAL

UNIT. - The e lec t rosurg ica l unit, portable , medical s tock number3-275-600, has been found difficult to maintain in the field. Medicalmaintenance personnel have suggested tha t this is due to the uneven powersupplied by field genera tors . A par t icu lar condensor in the in te rna l c i r cuit of the unit has been found to be the weak point and is frequently burnedout. A voltage regulator is needed in conjunction with the appara tus toprevent these surges in the cur ren t . Such a regulator is a signal i temand not authorized a t the presen t t ime.

Recommend that when an e lec t rosurg ica l unit, por table , is to beused in the field, a voltage regulator be included with the i tem a t the t imeof issue. (Command Report - 46th Surgical Hosp - Jun 53)

r OCAFF Comment : Action to co r r ec t this defic iency has beeni n i t i a t ~ d . : . . /

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 146MODIFICATION OF AN/MPO-IO RADAR. - Under normal ope ra

t ions tw o m en a re requi red to prepare the se t for automat ic t racking.One m an opera tes the console and th e other m an changes a: switch on theRD-54 from "Sector Scan" to "Standby." With a modification, the switchon the RD- 54 can be Ie ft in the "Standby" po sit ion. The Azimuth Bugcould then be placed in "Sector Scan ' l or "Standby" by the radar opera tora t the console . This modification has been employed by this battalionand has proved efficient.

Recommend that a switch for the control of "Sector Scan-Standby"be wired in para l le l with the present switch located on the Azimuth Elec t ronic Control Amp lif ier AM-489- T P (RD- 54). and plac ed on the console .(Command Report - 19th FA Bn - JUT! 53)

7UNCu\,SSIFiED


11/24


12/24

-

UNCl ':.SS\f\'D' ezIl:&CPKlCTCB1'\ 7_format ion of the neurosurgical detachments for ass ignment to the surg ica lhospitals these units were provisional and the 1 ' /0 included four nursesfor the performance of post-operat ive ward care . When these detachmentswere made permanent , only an opera t ing room nurse and no ward nurseswere authorized. I t has been found that neurosurgica l casual t ies requirea special ized type of nursing. I t is constantly apparent that , t ry as theymay, personnel taking care of many various types of cases cannot maintain the necessary mental approach to the care of the unconscious pat ient .

Recommend tha t the 1 ' /0 of a field neurosurgica l detachment be inc reased by three nurses to a total of four, all to have ward nursing ra therthan operat ing room experience. (Command Report - 46th Surgical Hosp -Jun 53)

(RESTRIC TED) ITEM NO 149TRAINING O F MEDICAL ENLISTED PERSONNEL. - A large per

centage of enl is ted personnel received direct ly from basic t ra ining inCONUS with MO S of 5657 and 1666, fall in mental groups IV and V. B ecause of the lo w intell igence scores , the absolute lack of previous medic a l o r hospi ta l exper i ence , and lack of in te res t and adaptabi l i ty on thepar t of m os t of these men, i t is not considered desirable to use them inthe care of pat ients . (Command Repor t - 48th Surgical Hosp - Jun 53)

r OCAFF Comment : A surg ica l hospi ta l (mobile Army) i s authori?,ed-medica l corpsmen (MOS 5657) but not medica l a idmen (MOS 1666).

In basic medica l training the highest quality t ra inees a re sent tomedica l service schools for tra ining in the ad vanc ed technic ian specia l t ies , and then as signed to medica l units including surg ica l ho spitals (mobile Army) and other hospi ta ls . The next quali ty t ra inees a re awardedMOS 1666 and assigned to medical detachments and medical companieswhere they serve a t t imes with minimum supervis ion. The remainingt ra inees a re awarded MOS 5657 and a re assigned to hospi ta ls where ap propriate supervis ion can be given by nurses and doctors.: .?

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO t50DEFICIENCIES O F COMBAT BOOTS, INSULA TED. - A study was

conducted to determine failure of boots , comba t , insulated. 'utilized inthe Eighth A rm y area during the winter 1952-53. A total of


13/24

- - ~ - - - - -_ . _ - - _._-~ - " " " ' " ~ . ... . . . . . .UNCLASSIFIED PfSWICTfQ

SQ"SrTX "'ssgu,!'S'.

processed by OM reclamation and maintenance center . A breakdown ofthe failures noted included peeling of the mater ia l used to at tach the toe,lip and heel surface to the boot, hook and eyelets being pulled out orr ipped through the edge of the stay; the heel pieces tear ing off. Of thefailures noted, a high percentage of repai rs can be made a t th e servicecenters by,vulcanizing with hot patches. The present specification forboots, combat , insulated, should be revised to eliminate the use of hooksand to use eyelets only. (Command Report - 443d OM Base Depot - Jun53)

r OCAFF Comment : The deficiencies indicated in the boot, combat rubber insulated have been correc ted . Stronger mater ia l is beingused to at tach the soles and heels, and hooks have been eliminated inboots now being procured. :]

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 151OM MOBILE FIRE UNIT REPAIR SHOP. - The field service pla

toon put into operation a mobile fire unit repai r shop. A rack holdingsix fi re units, tools. and commonly used spare parts has been mountedon a 1/4-ton t rai ler . This shop moves to forward area kitchens whereM-37 fire units may be repai red . By on- the-spot repai rs or exchangeof f ire units at th e company level , it is anticipated that a decrease of800/0 in fire units overhauled will be experienced. A major overhaul cos tsapproximately $7. 19 and pas t records indicate that approximately 400are overhauled for the Division each month. (Command Report - 3d OMCo- Jun 53 )

r OCAFF Comment: Mobile repair teams providing direct onthe-spot service to the user have proved valuable during World War IIas well as in K o r e a ~ _ . 7

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 152NEW SERIES RADIOS. - The new ser ies radios continue to per

form in an excel lent manner. The grea tes t problem has been the shor tlife of the dry cell bat ter ies for the AN/PRC-9 ser ies . (Command Repor t - 75th FA Bn - Jun 53)

10U N C L A S S i F i E D ~ ' " . . : ,:7lSsAWWTB t3d parn


14/24

---- -- -

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 153SIZE O F COMBAT PA TROLS. - Due to the proximi ty of MLR's

and the consequent abil i ty of an experienced enemy to reinforce rapidly,the custom had been establ i shed in previous sec tors held by this reg iment of dispatching only st rong sel f-support ing pat ro ls . In the presen ta r ea , however , the reg iment has found tha t the majori ty of enemy patrolsa re small . in size and a re encountered suff iciently far f rom enemy l inesto preclude rapid enemy re inforcement . Our la rger size patrols hadthus res t r ic ted steal th and movement without any compensat ing advantage .In view of this , the battalions a re now using smaller patrols except wherethe objective is close to enemy posit ion. (Command Report - 27th InfRegt - Jun 53)

L OCAFF Comment : The size of a patrol should be determinedby the miss ion assigned the patrol . The size of a pat ro l to accomplisha given miss ion should be establ i shed as soon as the requi rement for themiss ion i s de te rmined .7

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 154ENGINEER EQUIPMENT CHANGES IN T/O&E 6-126. - T/O&E

No 6-126, 15 May 1952, includes under engineer equipment, one command post and f ire d in - d ion equipment set , No 1. Among the components found in this se t are the following i t ems:

Eight scale coordinate , plastic, s tock number 18-6764.500-500.1:20,000 and 1 :62,500 in yards on one side.1:25,000 and 1:50,000 in mete r s on one s ide .These have proved unsat i sfactory for the following reasons:a . Construct ion of l ight plast ic causes excessive breakage.b. Many have been found to be inaccurate by as much as 40

mete r s or yards.

c . There is no further need for 1:20, 000 and 1:62,000 in yardson one side. This leads to confusion fo r the user and maps of this scalea re no longer avai lable in such quantity as to just i fy continuation of thisscale .

d. Insufficient quanti ty due to large number of personnel requiredto read coordinates .

11UNCLASS\flO 1fE.9PKICFElJas 5 sssUgPL
http:///reader/full/small.inhttp:///reader/full/small.in


15/24

UNClf\SS\F\EO

Recommend that:a . The sca le , coordina te , be const ructed of l ight met a l with

sca les etched thereon to improve durabi l i ty and accuracy .b. The scales contain 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 in mete r s on both

sides to el iminate confusion.c. The number of sca les , coordina te , i ssued be increased to in

clude one per l ia i son off icer and one per forward observer in field ar t i l lery battalion. (Command Report - 10th FA Bn - May 53)

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 155REGIMENTAL TA C PAR TY. - A reg imenta l tact ical a i r control

party headed by a l ieutenant is as signed to the reg iment . The reg imenta lTACP should:a . Be fami l iar with al l aspect s of ai r -ground operat ions pr ior to

being assigned as TACP's .b. Be designated a m em ber of the regimental commander ' s spe

cial s taff and work close ly with th e 5-2 and 5-3 in thei r select ion of t a r gets for ground control led, a ir control led and MPQ a ir s t r ikes .

c . Be requi red to monitor radio t r ansmiss ions of a ll planes operat ing in suppor t of the regiment , including MPQ a ir s t r ikes .

d. Effect l iaison in order to obta in informat ion concerning t imeand place of a ir suppor t miss ions prior to thei r actual del ivery. Thisinformat ion is des i red in orde r to facilitate observat ion by ground OP'sof the resu l t s of the a ir drops . (Command Repor t - 35th Inf Regt May 53 )

L OCAFF Comment : Responsibil i ty fo r providing the equipmentand personnel for the TACP ( less the Forward Air Control ler) will bet ransfer red from the A ir Force to the Army, effective 1 January 1954,in accordance with AR 95-330/AFR 55-9, 27 August 1953.

The TACP i s especial ly organized to di rec t close a i r support bythe use of radio and visual means in the vicinity of forward ground e lements (1. e . the battalion level or below). At the regimental level the

12 . " , ~ " " - " " " " " , , . _, ..... ' ,,'.', ,:;;If''a1f6l!JIMMYWf!J1$rsaSSi! J' IJ$' Sili!iil'


16/24

._-_._-_.__._-

3iSbA"; )JJJ Si ?9'! f , r "

forward a ir cont ro l l e r (FAC) functions as an a ir l ia ison off icer . Heshould be qualif ied to per form the duties indica ted above . While i t is notprac t ica l to designate him as a m e m b e r of the r eg imenta l commander ' sstaff , his status and function i s s imi la r to tha t of the ar t i l le ry l ia isonoff icer . : .]

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 156USE O F DUMMY POSITIONS. - This r eg iment has employed dum

mies . dummy posi t ions, and dummy tank tu r re ts to draw f ire and at t en t ion f rom occupied MLR and outpost posi t ions. This was a coordina tedprogram, each bat ta l ion developing "masquer ade" a r eas within i ts sec torand the r eg imenta l tank company building and placing dum m y tank t u r re t s .To further crea te the impress ion that these false posi t ions a re occupied,f resh ear th , new wire , and a few t in cans were lef t in the immediatea r ea . Damp wood and green wood left smoking in or near a dummy posi t ion, o r a' candle left burning in a dummy posi t ion a t night a re some ofthe other methods used to give the posi t ions the appearance of being occupied. By using recoi l less r if le fire and machine gun f i res displacedto these dummy posi t ions at night, a furthe r i l lus ion of occupancy w ascrea ted . Proof of the success of this plan was evidenced by the enemy ' sbeginning to shel l these dummy posi t ions when they are s ta r ted and hiscontinua Hon of this shell ing.

The use of the dummy and decoy posi t ions should be a defini te pa r tof a ll defensive works . The cleverness and ski l l of the commander inthis mat t e r will reduce his casual t i es and cause the enemy to adopt plansbased on false assumpt ions . However, the plan should be car r ied outby r eg i men t a l o r higher headquar ter s so that coordina t ion.and continuityof effort will be effected. (Command Repor t - 17th Inf Regt - May 53)

L O C A FF Comment : The use of dummy posi t ions should be in corpora ted into and governed by the plans of higher headquar ter s . D epar tment of the A r m y Training Circular No 8, 22 May 1953, def ines andout l ines the scope and objec t ives of comba t decept ion .7

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 157FIRING PLATFORM M l FOR TOWED 8-INCH HOWITZER. - I t

has been necessary on many occas ions , in orde r to si lence act ive enemyar t i l le ry , to fire howi tze r s on or nea r i : 1 - J ~ l imi t of t r averse . This hasr e s ~ l t e d in frequent shif t ing of the piece withthe r esu l t an t d i sp lacement

13U N C L ~ S S ! F l t O . ~ R i 3 l R f t a J r i i N J2Bb;;"; he: o:tt 'C'ha


17/24

which has a serio,us adverse effect on the accuracy in precis ion destru


18/24

" ".'"" . of Jft!S'fMWarsg, '

nree:

petroleum supply points. Its secondary mission may be one of operat ingbulk s torage faci l i t ies for a shor t period of t ime when these faci l i t iesa re located in the forward areas of supply. The s torage of 5,000,000gal lons of petroleum is considered beyond the scope of the unit ls secondary m is sion and one r ightfully belonging to T /O&E 10- 377, Quar te r -m a s te r Petroleum Depot Company.:.7

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 159OM LAUNDRY COMPANY TUMBLER AND WASHER. - The T/O&E

of a qua r te rmas te r company, infantry division, author izes tw o uni ts ,laundry, mobile, two- t ra i le r type for the field serv ice platoon.

Each of these units is composed of one washer t ra i ler and onetumbler t ra i ler (dryer) . Experience indica te s that the normal capaci tyof the washer t ra i ler is twice that of the tumbler (180 lbs for the washerto 90 lbs for the tumbler in a one-hour period) . To provide the addit ionaldrying faci l i t ies to balance the was hing capaci ty , various field expedientsa re present ly being used. However, none has yet been devised which issat isfactory or effective during rainy weather or th e cold winter season.Neither a re they so readily available fo r instant use as is the tumblert ra i ler . After per iods of movement , and during rainy weather or thecold winter season, mobile field laundries a re forced to opera te a t halfcapacity as a result of the lack of drying facil i t ies.

Recommend that the T /O&E fo r division qua r te rmas te r companiesand laundry companies be amended to include tw o tumbler t ra i lers perwasher t ra i ler . (Command Report - 3d OM Co - Jun 53 )

L OCAFF Comment: Act ion is under way to increase the tumblercapaci ty of th e mobile laundry to 18 0 pounds p er hour. Fo r other ext ract on this subject , see Item 160, this inclosure. . :]

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 160DRYING O F LAUNDRY. - Due to the reduced drying capabili t ies

o f the tumblers in comparison to the washers process ing volume. a definite drying problem is created. At the present t ime wire l ines a re beingutilized in all avai lable areas to facilitate the drying process , thismethod being necessar i ly used only under favorable weather conditions.Nelson heaters are also being utilized to supplement the laundry tumblersin the drying process . (Command Report - 539th OM Ldry Co - May 53)

15

JMJ",)r: J1! bA bBJI JJ; iii 7" I'QO'


19/24

-- - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

D J f 8 9 4 f i J 1 N i . < ' ~ ) gSS' '9:rr WQfM?flCtUNCLA.SS\F\D

r OCAFF Comment : The problem of inbalance be tween the washing and drying opera t ions has been noted in many r epor t s both comba tand t ra in ing .

The two- t ra i le r mobi le laundry was designed to produce ba lancedoperat ion a t a product ion rate of 12 0 pounds (dry) of laundry p er hour .Test s a t the Quar t e rmas te r Board, For t Lee, Virginia , showed that thisdes ign was. met . Two washer loads per hour equal 120 pounds p er hour .

When the t ime of the wash formulas is reduced so tha t m o r e thantw o loads per hour can pass through the washer mor e work is passed onto the ext rac tor with a cor re sponding dec r ease in quali ty of launder ing.This would tend to prevent thorough extrac t ing (centr ifuging) . Normalextract ion should have a residual moisture of approxim ate ly 380/0. Bothof these changes , if prac t i ced , pass more pounds of laundry with l a rge rmois ture content to the dryer . Quar t e rmas te r obse rve r s a r e inves t iga ting laundry opera t ing procedures to de te rmine to what extent this is beingprac t i ced .

Recognit ion has been mack of a need for l a rger drying capaci tywhen the wash formulas arc shor tened, despi te the reduct ion in quali tyof the work pr ocessed . Action has l)('cl1 taken to increase the tumble rcapaci ty of 18 0 pounds per hour by p a s s i ~ g more a ir through th e tumbler ,and at the s a m e t ime b u r n i n f ~ nlOrc fuel. A I, OOO-hour laboratory t es tis cur rent ly in progress to r i d V r T l l l l ll ' if t i l l ' hea.t exchangers des ignedfor this increased capacity will have il. r ( ' a ~ ; o n a b l e Hf. expectancy.:.}

(RESTRIC TED) ITEM NO 161PORTABLE FOX HOLE C O V E I ~ S . - TIl(' 2,d Rocket Fie ld Art i l le ry

Bat tery has obtained four p o ~ t a b l c fox ~ l o l c covers made of 1/4- incha r m o r pla te . Twenty more of thcsv covers a re to be obtained to makea total of 24. Each of the 12 r o ck d sec t ions will have tw o of these cover s ,which wi.LI give the sec t ion more ad( 'quate protec t ion from prema tu rerocket burs t s . (Command Report - 75th FA Bn - Jun 53)

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 16 2INSTRUCTION IN CONSTRUCTION O F DEFENSIVE POSITIONS.

I t is evident that with the mass ar t i l l e ry and mor ta r technique used bythe enemy, any fixed defensive posi t ion of th e future mus t depend uponprotect ion afforded by the heavy decply- sunk bunker s no w used. P r e p a r atinn of such a posi t ion r equi res not only knowledge of the bunker

16


20/24

sfr:WJJlITD6 5 IIconst ruct ion i tself but a basic unders tanding of how to plan the developm ent of the posi t ion in orde r to util ize available manpower to the maxi m u m . This i s essent ial ly a problem of smal l job planning and organiza t ion. Although this regiment has an adequate SOP on the subjec t , thejunior officer s and NCO's had difficulty at fir s t in following i t because ofthe i r inexper ience in planning such projects .

Reco.mmend tha t appropriate serv ice schools include inst ruct ionthe design of heavy bunkered posi t ions and const ruct ion planning incidentthereto . (Command Report - 27th Inf Regt - Jun 53 )

r OCAFF Comment: Letter , ATTNG-24 353/151{7 Ju l 53),OCAFF. 7 July 1953, subjec t : "Model Defensive Pos i t ions , " is designedto implemL'nt inst ruct ion in planning const ruct ion and occupat ion of de",:fensive posi t ions. Emphasis is not placed on actua l const ruct ion of theseposi t ions due to l imited training t ime. Training in planning and defenseof permanent type field fortif ications is being employed as concur rentt raining in A T P ' s and is being emphasized in l eaders ' courses: . . ]

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 16 3REQUIREMENT FOR LIGHT A UTOMA TIC WEAPON. - Cri t ique of

the raid on "Old Charl ie ll revealed that moverr.cnt of the assaul t team upthe steep s lopes was slowed down by the weight of BAR's and ammunit ioncar r ied . Had a l l m e m b e r s of th e assaul t team been a rmed with a l ighterautomatic weapon, such as th e Carbine , or SMG, M3, they could havenegotiated th e steep s lopes much quicker and effected more surpr ise .(Command Repor t - 15th In f Rcgt - May 53)

(RESTRIC TED) ITEM NO 164REQUIREMENT FOR CANNISTER AMMUNITION FOR 90-MM

TANK GUNS. - I t has been observed through experience in combat thatcanni s t er ammunit ion [or 90-mm tank guns would be very effective indefense against "human sea ll tact ics .

Recommend that this type ammunit ion be developed, expedited anddel ivered to the units in Korea for combat and t ra ining. (Command Repor t - 22:::


21/24

~ O ' : ; : : ' / J " t .sOli.1JlKlJI1.aE1n Z?PEU N C L ~ S S \ f \ E \ )

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 16 5TRAINING IN USE O F HAND GRENADES. - Replacement personnel

coming into this regiment from the CONUS lack sufficient training in theuse of the hand grenade. This observat ion is derived through fr iendlypatrol activi ty in which our own personnel are not using hand grenades tothe maximum effective degree , but instead r eso r t to automatic weaponsand smal l a r m s fi re premature ly which reveals their posit ion to theenemy.

Recommend that more training be devoted to the use of hand grenades and the actual pract ice of throwing l ive hand grenades in infantryRTC's . (Command Repor t - 223d Inf Regt - May 53 )

r OCAFF Comment : In addition to formal t ra ining in hand grenadespresent ly included in ATP 's , use of grenades is included and emphasizedas concur ren t t raining in tac t ica l problems. Training in the use of handgrenades is not a difficult problem and is present ly covered adequately.Command emphasis on use of grenades is a solut ion which would seemeffective.:}

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 166VAN -TYPE VEll lCLE FOR FDC. - The divisional l ight art i l lery

battal ion displaces more frequently than any other type ar t i l lery battalion in a tactical si tuat ion. On moving into a new posit ion the battal ionfire- direct ion center must be ready to function on very shor t notice. Withthe t ransportat ion current ly authorized, i t is necessary to unload the fi redirect ion equipment f rom a vehicle, se t up a C P tent (in i l ~ c l e m e n t weatheror at hight) and ins ta l l the equipment. This is t ime consuming, and evenafter the operation is completed, the installation is barely sat isfactoryas a fire direct ion center .

This organizat ion has rebui l t the bed of a 2- l /2 - ton 6x 6 t ruck withfolding sides and s teel framework, extra large tarpaulin with skylights;instal led a t e rmina l s t r ip , inter ior wiring, and swi tchboard stand for wirecommunicat ions, and a mount for the FDC radio. There is adequate spacefor operation of FDC and S-2 sect ion. This makeshi f t vehicle has beenvaluable even in the stable si tuat ion cur ren t in Korea.

Recommend tha t T/O&E 6-126, headquar ters & headquar ters battery of th e divisional l ight art i l lery battal ion, be amended to add a vantype vehicle, s imila r to a mobile ordnance shop van, to serve as a

U N C L ~ S S \ F \ E \ ) 18"I"\i\....~ ~ ~ . : .. l .... ;1 ' .. ,- , . 'vi" 'o(ot;'Z3PiVlCTEN wum E S'


22/24

- - - - - - - - - ~ --- --_._- --' '0._ . . . '

UNCLASSIFIEDmobile battal ion fire direct ion center . This vehicle should be cons t ruc tedspecifical ly for tha t purpose . This would take the place of the 2- l /2 - ton6x6 t ruck assigned to the operat ions sect ion, which would be deleted fromthe T /O&E. (Command Report - 10th FA Bn - Jun 53)

r OCA FF Comment: Ordnance is cur ren t ly building a 2-wheelvan fo r tes t as a mobile FDC. In addition to the t ra i ler , other van-:typet rucks a re under considerat ion and will be tes ted against the t ra i ler van.

For other i tems on this subject re fer to: Source No 393, inclosureto le t te r , ATTNG-64 350. 05/51(DOCI)(C)(14 Ju l 52), OCAFF, 14 July1952, subject : "Disseminat ion of Combat Informat ion, II and Source No558, inclosure to le t ter , ATTNG-26, 350.05/62 (DOCI)(C)(29 Nov 52).OCAFF, 29 N o v e m b e ~ 1952, sam e subject.:.?

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 167USE O F VAN-TYPE TRAILERS FOR WORK SHOPS. - There a re

many vantype vehicles which a re used for various types of work shopsand command posts . These vans are s ta t ionary vehicles and moveonly when the division moves . Periods of immobil i ty vary according tothe activi ty of operat ions , but for the m os t par t , such vehicles dete r ior a te from age ra ther than from use. A four-wheel vantype t ra i ler wouldsuff ice for this purpose in a ll known ins tances . The pr ime movers ofthese vantype t ra i lers could be conventional cargo vehicles which wouldbecome act ive resupply vehicles after moving into a posi t ion. Mobilityand maneuverabi l i ty would increase and the unit cos t would be mater ia l lyreduced.

Recommend tha t vantype work shops and command posts vehiclesnot be l ive vehicles but that suitable 4-wheel t ra i lers be subst i tutedtherefor and appropr ia te cargo- type vehicles be placed in the T/O&E.(Command Report - 740th O rd Bn - May 53)

r OCAFF Comment : There i s present ly under development a1-1/2:-ton t ra i ler , the XM 154, which is pr imar i ly for office and quar te r sfor field use. Indications a re that this t ra i ler will be tes ted for command posts and field shops .7

19

UNCLASS1f'IED .....tflJSRJ(IT5QASS: [' ";OQ"gtflN


23/24

R:91Y11T.8'US::S'FY '%CC"U'Qt: tUNCU\SSlFlED

(RESTRICTED) ITEM NO 168ADAPTING THE K- 24 AERIAL VER TICAL SHOT CAMERA TO

OBLIQUE USE. - Recommend considera t ion be given the i,ldvisability ofadapting the s tandard K- 24 aer ia l vert ical shot camer a to al ternate oblique use. Due to the inherent advantage offered by its long focal lengthlens and the frequent cal l for oblique studies on t a rge t of opportunity,the K-24 model of this division's signal photo sect ion was modified toaccommodate this requi rement by addition of a simple eyepiece andviewfinder device as shown in photographs below. These were attachedto the top of the camer a body and zeroed in for free-hold sighting. During th e shor t t ime the modified camera has been employed over the MLR,the innovation ha s proved invaluable to th e photo reconna is sance effort .(Command Report - 3d Sig Co - May 53)

L 3d Inf Div Comments : Concur in above recommendat ions . TheK- 24 camer a , with its locally improvised viewfinder to facilitate handhold shots, is super ior to the K- 20 camer a . The K- 24 reproduces al a rger scale photo, making po s sible higher and safer flight al t i tudes .I t reproduces pictures in grea ter detail which aids in photo interpreta tion. Moreover , the hand held camera shots a re bet te r suited for pinpoint photography than fixed mount shots . The ta sk of aiming the camer ara ther than the plane is quickly accomplished, resul t ing in Ie ss targetmisses , less flying t ime, and less expenditure of film-=-.7

r IX Corps Comments: Exper iments have been conducted by thePhoto Sect ion, 101st Signal Battal ion (Corps) using the K-24 camer a foroblique use. Resul ts were superior to those obtained from ver t ical use.Pictures were reproduced in grea ter detai l and clari ty, aiding in photoin terpretat ion. However, the mod ification of th e K- 24 camera with aneye- level viewfinder was not employed, making sighting somewhat difficult. Recommend that the K-24 camera with e y e - J ~ v e l viewfinder asinnovated be cons idered .7

r OCAFF Comment : T h t ~ weight and bulk of the K- 24 and longfocal length of the lens used would make i t extremely difficult, if not im poss ible , for the average photographer to hand hold and procure accept able pictures . The K-44 camer a present ly under tes t a t Board No Ishould fulfill the Army aer ia l camera requirement. . : ]

UNCLASSIFIED 20


24/24

- . . . " - ~ : : : i : t = ~ : :"'-'-1-- _.'(UNCLASSIFIED t ;., '" ; If L

fN L ~ l ~ ' ~ I / ~ e w tiP i lE' ' ) \ .0 \'V'1> Flfill \) SI'.. " ~ e It , ...n 1\1"POft, ( .. 1'1 i H i " " J \ ~ ; z "I." '.e""",,..

UNCLASSIFIED 21

Dissemination of Combat Information 24 January 1954

Documents