Disseminated Disseminated Cryptococcosis in Cryptococcosis in a Dog a Dog Presented by: Paul G. Gallagher Co-Authors: Natalie Durrett Crawford, Farrah B. Horowitz, D. Phillip Sponenberg Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech, Duck Pond Drive (0442) Blacksburg, VA 24061 Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
Disseminated Cryptococcosis in a Dog. Presented by: Paul G. Gallagher Co-Authors: Natalie Durrett Crawford, Farrah B. Horowitz, D. Phillip Sponenberg Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia Tech, Duck Pond Drive (0442) Blacksburg, VA 24061. Clinical History. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Disseminated Disseminated Cryptococcosis in a Cryptococcosis in a
DogDog
Presented by: Paul G. GallagherCo-Authors: Natalie Durrett Crawford, Farrah B.
Horowitz, D. Phillip Sponenberg
Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine
Virginia Tech, Duck Pond Drive (0442)Blacksburg, VA 24061Presented at SEVPAC 2008 –
Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
Clinical HistoryClinical History
“Phoebe” Six year old spayed female mixed breed dog
Referred on suspicion of cervical disc disease
Past medical problems History of chronic otitis, UTI, uroliths
One month history Ataxia Inability to lift head Apparent cervical painPresented at SEVPAC 2008 –
Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
Clinical EvaluationClinical Evaluation
Physical / Neurologic Exam Severe Respiratory distress Distended abdomen Neurologic deficits No cervical pain
Laboratory data
Respiratory arrest - deathPresented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
Gross LesionsGross Lesions
Approximately 50 ml serosanguinous fluid in abdomen
Lungs – diffusely red, slightly firm, small off-white lesions
Pancreas – numerous off-white nodules, one limb dark red / friable
Spleen – numerous dark red/black nodules
Eyes, brain, cervical spinal cord – no gross lesionsPresented at SEVPAC 2008 –
nephritis and glomerulonephritis Pancreas, diffuse granulomatous pancreatitis Heart, granulomatous myocarditis Lung, granulomatous interstitial pneumonia Eye, granulomatous uveitis with retinal
detachment
Disease Diagnosis: Disseminated CryptococcosisPresented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
CryptococcusCryptococcus
Dimorphic fungus
C. neoformans
var. grubii
var. neoformans
C. gatti
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Zoonotic?
Humans vs. domestic animals
Dogs vs. catsPresented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
Virulence FactorsVirulence Factors
Mucopolysaccharide capsule
Ability to replicate at body temperature
Phenoloxidase (laccase)
Serine protease
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
PrognosisPrognosis
Disseminated, CNS disease – guarded
Localized nasal or cutaneous disease – good if treated early and appropriately; guarded for severe or longstanding disease
Poor for resolution of neurologic deficits
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
ReferencesReferences
Bovers M, Hagen F, Boekhout T. Diversity of the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex. Rev Iberoam Micol 2008;25:S4-S12.
Bartlett KH, Kidd SE, Kronstad JW. The Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2008;10:58-65.
Duncan CG, Stephen C, Campbell J. Evaluation of risk factors for Cryptococcus gattii infection in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006;228:377-382.
Greene CE. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa. ; London: Elsevier Saunders, 2006.
Kerl ME. Update on canine and feline fungal diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2003;33:721-747.
Maxie MG, Jubb KVF. Pathology of domestic animals. 5th ed. Edinburgh ; New York: Elsevier Saunders, 2007.
Nielsen K, De Obaldia AL, Heitman J. Cryptococcus neoformans mates on pigeon guano: implications for the realized ecological niche and globalization. Eukaryot Cell 2007;6:949-959.
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
Thank YouThank You
Dr. Natalie Durrett Crawford
Dr. D. Phillip Sponenberg
Dr. Tanya LeRoith
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only
Questions?Questions?
Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only