Disorders of the Urinary System Can you guess one?

Disorders of the Urinary System

Can you guess one?

Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones)

• Made of crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid

• Gradually they get larger until they block ureters

• First sym severe pain• Other sym nausea and

vomiting, frequency, chills, fever, hematuria

• Diagnosis by symptoms, ultrasound, or x-ray

• Rx –increase fluids to flush out stone, medications, and if needed LITHOTRIPSY

Lithostripsy

• Surgical procedure to remove kidney stones

• Shock waves hit dense stones and break them up

• Done on outpatient basis

Nephritis

• Inflammation of the kidney (kidney infection)

• Incontinence –involuntary urination

Cystitis

• Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder

• Most common cause – E.Coli

• Sym- DYSUIA (painful urination) and frequency

• Usually in females (shorter urethra)

• Rx - antibiotics

Hemodialysis

• Used for kidney failure• Involves the passage of blood

through device with semipermeable membrane

• Dialysis serves as substitute kidney

• Blood from patient flows through machine and is filtered

• Can be done at home or in clinic

• Takes 2-4 hours, 2-3 times a week.

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation and scarring of the glomerulus; causes damage to the filter mechanism; allows blood cells and protein to enter the filtrate

Symptoms: kidney failure, uremia, HTN or hypotension, decreased urine output, increased serum creatinine and urea

Diagnosis: Urinalysis and blood testing

Treatment: Depends on cause. Treating underlying cause may decreaseprogression

Primary cause: no obvious cause

Secondary causes: bacterial infection, drug toxicity, diabetes mellitus,systemic lupus erythematosus, genteic disorders such as Alport’s Syndromeand Goodpasture’s Syndrome

Renal Failure (Renal Insufficiency)

Cause: either acute or progressive damage to the kidneys from many differentcauses

Symptoms: decreased urine output, uremia, fluid retention, loss of appetitie,fatigue, hiccups, nausea, mental confusion, clotting disorder, seizures

Diagnosis: blood tests, urinalysis, imaging

Treatments: blood pressure meds, glucose control, diet, treat underlying condition, prevention of cardiovascular disease, kidney replacement whenprogresses to end stage disease

Kidney Transplant

• As a last resort• Involves donor organ

from someone with a similar immune system

• Main complication - rejection

Definitions

Enuresis Glycosuria Nocturia Polyuria

Bedwetting Sugar in urine

Frequent urination at night

Large amounts of urine

Definitions Continues

Pyuria Anuria Hematuria Diuretic

Pus in urine

No urine produced

Blood in urine

Drug or substance to increase urine production

anuriaabsence of urine diureticdrug that increases urinary output dysuriapainful urination  filtratefluid that has passed through a filter   

incontinenceinvoluntary urination micturateto urinate nephralgia pain in a kidney neurogenic bladderdamage to the nerve that controls the bladder  oliguria reduced production of urine   

uremiapresence of urinary waste products in the blood urinalysisexamination of the urine  urinary catheterization insertion of a sterile tube into the urinary bladder urinary retention inability to urinate urinateemptying of urine from the urinary bladder void emptying of urine from the urinary bladder