Diseño en Concreto Reforzado_monkol

(WSD) 2555 () 1 2556 : : : : TumCivil.com Training Center ISBN : 978-616-321-465-2 TumCivil.com Training Center TumCivil.com Training Center / www.tumcivil.com / . 089-4990739

LOAD

1 2 (axial load) 3 4 5 6 7

( .)

ksc173f 'c = 'cc f375.0f = ksc144f 'c = 'cc f45.0f = () //

..2555 ..2550 6 'cf 150 ksc

.

1

(1) (2) (2) (4) (W/C) (5) (6) (22) (24)

2

(25) (29) (31) (33) (43) (55) (69) (81) (87) 2 (91)

3

(95) (96) (116) (121) (122) (123) (124) (125) 3 (126)

4

(127) (129) (156) (168) (169) (171) (199) 4 (222)

5

(223) (226) (228) (231) (243) (265)

6

(277) (278 (280) (284) (286) (299) (331) (339) (340) (361) 1 (362) 2 (382) 3 (399) 4 (411) 5 (418) 6 (425) 7 (434) 8 (441) 9 (448) 10 (455) 11 (462) 12 (469) 13 (476) 14 (484) 15 (492) 16 (500) 17 (508) 18 (516) 19 (524) 20 (532) 21 (540) 22 (548) 23 (556) 24 (564) 25 (573) (582)

-1 (591) -2 (593) -3 (596) -4 (599) -5 (601) -6 (602) -7 (615) -8 (626) -9 (644)

(647)

1

1.1

() 0.50

() 2-3 1.50

2 1.2

"" 4321 "1" 2143

1.3 3 100

3 500 15 30 3 10 15 60 25 12-24 7 14 28

1.1

65

1.1

1.1 'cf 75 158 240 352 460 580

'cf 100 200 300 400 500 600

Excel

4

1.2

1.4

1.2 3 10 15 60 25 5-15

5

1.3

1 ( 0.038 m3 50 kg) 0.076 m3 ( 4-5 0.0761650 = 125.4 kg) 0.152 m3 ( 8-9 0.1521600 = 243.2 kg 6 /m3 2-3 () 180-250 ksc (20-40 mm) (10-20 mm) 8-11 /m3

1.5 (W/C) W/C 28

1.2 W/C

CW

28 ,ksc 0.35

0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

420 350 280 225 175 140

335 280 225 180 140 115

6 6 ..2527 ..2522 50 0.375 28 65 ksc 'cc f375.0f 'cf375.065 ksc3.173375.0

65f 'c

2 65.0CW 4:2:1 1 m3 6 (506 =

300 kg) 0.65300 = 195 kg 195

CW ()

65.0CW 60.055.0

CW

kg180165W

1.6 Ec 1.3 Ec = initial modulus = 1tan Ec = tangent modulus = 1tan 3tan Ec = secant modulus = 2tan secant modulus 0.003 0.3 % (...)

'c5.1c fw4270E ksc (1.1)

cE , ksc

w , T/m3 'cf 28 , ksc

2.323 T/m3

'c'c'c5.1c f100,15f118,15f323.24270E (1.2)

7

1.4

CPAC

ksff 'ccr (1.3)

crf Target mean strength , ksc 'cf , ksc k s 30

k 1.3 k 5 % k = 1.645

1.4

8

1.3 k

'cf k 20

10 5

2.5 2 1 0

0.842 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.054 2.326 3.000

1.4

,

8.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 5.0

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

1.5

.

.

5.0-15.0 15.0-30.0 30.0-75.0

75.0

43

21

21

43 1

31 21 31 21

12.5-20 20-40 40-75 40-75

43 211

3 6

20 40 75 150

143 211 31 21 31 21

20-25 40

40-70 40-75

21

43 1

31 21 3

3-6

20-40 40-75

75 75-150

9

1.6

1 3 83

10 21

12.5 43

20 1

25 211

40 2

50 3

75 6

150 3-5 8-10 15-18

(%)

205 225 240

3

200 215 230

2.5

185 200 210

2

180 195 205

1.5

160 175 185

1

155 170 180

0.5

145 160 170

0.3

125 140

-

0.2

1.7

1 3 83

10 21

12.5 43

20 1

25 211

40 2

50 3

75 6

150 3-5 8-10 15-18

(%)

180 200 215

8

175 190 205

7

165 180 190

6

160 175 185

5

145 160 170

4.5

140 155 165

4

135 150 160

3.5

120 135

- 3

10

1.8

(

)

3

0.45 0.50

0.40* 0.45*

* 0.05

1.9

28 , ksc

450 400 350 300 250 200 150

0.38 0.43 0.48 0.55 0.62 0.70 0.80

- -

0.40 0.46 0.53 0.61 0.71

15 30 20%

11

1.10

2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 83 21 43 1

1 21 2 3 6

10 12.5 20 25 40 50 75 150

0.50 0.59 0.66 0.71 0.76 0.78 0.81 0.87

0.48 0.57 0.64 0.69 0.74 0.76 0.79 0.85

0.46 0.55 0.62 0.67 0.72 0.74 0.77 0.83

0.44 0.53 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.72 0.75 0.81

10

1.11

, kg/m3

83 21 43 1

1 21 2 3 6

10 12.5 20 25 40 50 75 150

2285 2315 2355 2375 2420 2445 2465 2505

2190 2235 2280 2315 2355 2375 2400 2435

12 1.1 28 ksc210f 'c

15 cm 30 cm 5% (k = 1.645) s = 30 ksc 3.15 20 mm 4"3 2.70 0.5% () 1600 kg/m3 2.60 0.7% 2.80

1 () ksc35.25930645.1210ksff 'c'ci

2 (slump test) 10 cm

3 20 mm 8-10 cm 200 200 kg

4 ksc35.259f 'ci (W/C ratio)

6024.0912430603.1

152.1e152.1

e152.1e152.1

CW

648375.035.2590025.0f0025.0 'ci

5

kg3326024.0200

C/WWC

6 2.80 20 mm 0.62 m3/m3

1600 kg/m3 3m/kg99262.01600

13 7 3w m200.01000

200V

3C m1054.0100015.3332V

3ca m3674.0100070.2992V

3ab m02.00.102.0V 31 m6928.002.03674.01054.0200.0V 3s m3072.06928.00.1V kg72.798100060.23072.0Ws

ksc210f 'c 1 332 kg 200 kg 20 mm 992 kg FM 2.80 798.72 kg 2322.72 kg

1.2 28 ksc240f 'c 15 cm 30 cm 5% (k = 1.645) s = 30 ksc 3.15 20 mm 4"3 2.70 0.5% () 1600 kg/m3 2.60 0.7% 2.80

1 ()

ksc35.28930645.1240ksff 'c'ci

14 2 (slump test) 10 cm

3 20 mm 8-10 cm 200 200 kg


5588.0061378637.2

152.1e152.1

e152.1e152.1

CW

723375.035.2890025.0f0025.0 'ci

5

kg88.3575588.0200

C/WWC

6 2.80 20 mm 0.62 m3/m3

1600 kg/m3 3m/kg99262.01600

7 3w m200.01000

200V

3C m1136.0100015.388.357V

3ca m3674.0100070.2992V

3ab m02.00.102.0V 31 m701.002.03674.01136.0200.0V 3s m299.0701.00.1V kg4.777100060.2299.0Ws

15

ksc240f 'c 1 358 kg 200 kg 20 mm 992 kg FM 2.80 777 kg 2327 kg


1 ()

ksc35.29930645.1250ksff 'c'ci


3 20 mm 8-10 cm 200 200 kg


545051257.0113562685.2

152.1e152.1

e152.1e152.1

CW

748375.035.2990025.0f0025.0 'ci

5

kg94.366545051257.0

200C/W

WC

16 6 2.80 20

mm 0.62 m3/m3 1600 kg/m3 3m/kg99262.01600

7 3w m200.01000

200V

3C m1165.0100015.394.366V

3ca m3674.0100070.2992V

3ab m02.00.102.0V 31 m7039.002.03674.01165.0200.0V 3s m2961.07039.00.1V kg86.769100060.22961.0Ws



17

1 () ksc35.32930645.1280ksff 'c'ci


3 20 mm 8-10 cm 200 200 kg


505667754.027817572.2

152.1e152.1

e152.1e152.1

CW

823375.035.3290025.0f0025.0 'ci

5

kg52.395505667754.0

200C/W

WC

6 2.80 20 mm 0.62 m3/m3

1600 kg/m3 3m/kg99262.01600

7 3w m200.01000

200V

3C m1256.0100015.352.395V

3ca m3674.0100070.2992V

3ab m02.00.102.0V 31 m713.002.03674.01256.0200.0V 3s m287.0713.00.1V kg2.746100060.2287.0Ws

18



1 ()

ksc35.34930645.1300ksff 'c'ci


3 20 mm 8-10 cm 200 200 kg


481006046.0394980287.2

152.1e152.1

e152.1e152.1

CW

873375.035.3490025.0f0025.0 'ci

5

kg80.415481006046.0

200C/W

WC

19 6 2.80 20

mm 0.62 m3/m3 1600 kg/m3 3m/kg99262.01600

7 3w m200.01000

200V

3C m132.0100015.380.415V

3ca m3674.0100070.2992V

3ab m02.00.102.0V 31 m7194.002.03674.0132.0200.0V 3s m2806.07194.00.1V kg56.729100060.22806.0Ws



20

1 ()

ksc35.36930645.1320ksff 'c'ci


3 20 mm 8-10 cm 200 200 kg


457547105.0517773552.2

152.1e152.1

e152.1e152.1

CW

923375.035.3690025.0f0025.0 'ci

5

kg11.437457547105.0

200C/W

WC

6 2.80 20 mm 0.62 m3/m3

1600 kg/m3 3m/kg99262.01600

7 3w m200.01000

200V

3C m1388.0100015.311.437V

3ca m3674.0100070.2992V

3ab m02.00.102.0V 31 m7262.002.03674.01388.0200.0V 3s m2738.07262.00.1V

21 kg88.711100060.22738.0Ws

ksc320f 'c 1 437 kg 200 kg 20 mm 992 kg FM 2.80 712 kg 2341 kg 1.7 28 ksc350f 'c

15 cm 30 cm 5% (k = 1.645) s = 30 ksc 3.15 20 mm 4"3 2.70 0.5% () 1600 kg/m3 2.60 0.7% 2.80

1 ()

ksc35.39930645.1350ksff 'c'ci


3 20 mm 8-10 cm 200 200 kg


424486346.0713868208.2

152.1e152.1

e152.1e152.1

CW

998375.035.3990025.0f0025.0 'ci

5

kg16.471424486346.0

200C/W

WC

22 6 2.80 20

mm 0.62 m3/m3 1600 kg/m3 3m/kg99262.01600

7 3w m200.01000

200V

3C m1496.0100015.316.471V

3ca m3674.0100070.2992V

3ab m02.00.102.0V 31 m737.002.03674.01496.0200.0V 3s m263.07262.00.1V kg8.683100060.2263.0Ws


1.7 (modulus of rupture) 'cr f0.2f 'cf6.1 () 10.0 13

23 (Round bar : RB) SR-24 ksc2400f y RB 6 mm RB 9 mm, RB 12 mm, RB 15 mm, RB 19 mm, RB 25 mm RB 6 mm, RB 9 mm, RB 12 mm (Deformed bar : DB) SD-30 ksc3000f y DB 10 mm DB 12 mm, DB 16 mm, DB 20 mm, DB 25 mm, DB 28 mm SD-40 ksc4000f y DB 12 mm, DB 16 mm, DB 20 mm, DB 25 mm, DB 28 mm SD-50 ksc5000f y DB 12 mm, DB 16 mm, DB 20 mm, DB 25 mm, DB 28 mm, DB 32 mm, DB 36 mm DB 32 mm ACI ... 5600 ksc 0.003 ksc4100fu ksc4900fu

1.5

24 1.8

(RB = Round Bar) RB RB 6 mm 6 (DB = Deformed Bar) DB DB 20 mm 20 PROKON Y Y16 16 6-RB 12 mm 12 #-RB 9 mm @ 200 mm RB 9 mm @ 200 mm # 9 200 2--RB 9 mm @ 150 mm 2-Stirrup RB 9 mm @ 150 mm () 2 9 150 10-DB 20 mm 20 10 #-18 DB 25 mm 18-DB 25 mm # 25 18 #-DB 10 mm @ 250 mm 10 250

2

2.1 kg T kg/m T/m 2400 kg/m3 kg/m 2400 2400bh b h 2.1

2.1

26 2.2 S L 45 B1 B2

2.1

...

3wSwS (2.1)

2m3

3wSw

2

L (2.1)

w kg/m2

LSm 5.0m1

S , m L , m

27

8

wS2

1m2wS241 (2.1) 6

wS2

2121 m3wSL 5.0m

3wS

2wS 2.2

2.2

hww 1 (2.2)

w kg/m 1w kg/m2 h m

1w 2.1 h () 2.3 8-10 15-18 4 1

28

2.1

21 m/kg,w 7 9 ... () ... ()

180 360 120 160

12-30 30

170 220 440

2.3

29 2.2

2.4

2.4 L w () AB DE AB DE T C T = C jd

=

2.5 (Exaggerate)

=

2.5

30 2.6 w () (horizontal shear) ()

2.6

2.7 (vertical shear)

2.8 T C

31 2.8 2.6 2.7 w V11 V12 V21 V22 V11 = V12 = V21 = V22 45o A-A B-B A-A B-B

2.9

2.9

2.3

1. 2.10 2.10()

2Lba

2PV

4PL 2.10()

2wLV

8

wLM2

32

2.10 simple beam

2. Three-moment method Slope- deflection method Moment distribution method Finite-element method ... 2.11 wL2 w

111

91

9

wL2 32

2.11

3. 2.12 () ()

33 3

2.12

2.4

2.13

34 2.13() w M 2.13() M C cf 0 (N.A. = Neutral Axis) T T = C jd d b t 2.13() C cf 2.13() C 3

kd kd

k 3kddjd

C T

TjdCjdM

2.13() c s sss Ef ccc Ef ksc000,040,2Es

'c

'c

5.1c f100,15fw4270E

2.13()

k1k

kddkd

fnf

EE

ff

s

c

c

s

s

c

s

c

1k1

kk1

nff

c

s

c

s

nff

1k1

c

s

nff

1

1k

(2.3)

3kddjd

3k1j (2.4)

35

'c

'cc

s

f0993377.135

f100,15000,040,2

EE

n

n n (slide rule) T ssAf C kdb c21 f

jdAfTjdM ss

jdfMAs

s (2.5)

22cc Rbdbdkjf2

1jdkdbf21CjdM

RbMd,RbdM 2 (2.6)

kjf21R c (2.7)

bdAs

bdfAfT sss kbdf21CT c

kbdf21bdf cs

2k

ff

c

s

k1

kkdd

kdfnf

EE

ff

s

c

c

s

s

c

s

c

kk1n

ff

c

s

36

kk1n

2k

kn2n2k1n2k2 0n2kn2k2

12

n214n2n2k

2

2

n24n4n2k

2 2

n2n2n2k

2 2nn2nk

k nnn2k 2 (2.8) (2.3) , (2.4) , (2.7) (2.5) (2.6) (2.8)

4 3.5

2.1 2m50.020.0 2-DB 20 mm RB 6 mm n = 9.32 M = 3000 kg m

2.1

37 n = 9.32 fs fc 2.8 k . 52(7) 3 ... 4 3.5 ... d = h 4 6 cm4.44

20.26.0450d

22s cm28.614.320.242A

131823423.0n2

065911711.0007072072.032.9n

007072072.04.4420

28.6bdAs

303.0303097471.0k065911711.0369009183.0k065911711.0136167777.0k

065911711.0065911711.0131823423.0k

nnn2k2

2

899.03303.01

3k1j

(2.5) jdAfM ss 4.44899.028.6f100000,3 s ksc197,179.196,1

4.44899.028.6100000,3fs

(2.6) (2.7)

ksc9.55867.55f4.4420899.0303.0

100000,32f

4.4420899.0303.0f21100000,3

kjbdf21RbdM

c

2c

2c

2c

2

M kg cm cm

38 2.2 0.15 0.45 4.00

ksc2400f,ksc180f y'c 4-RB 15 mm RB 6 mm 6

(1) (2) (3)

2.2

22s cm069.75.144A

cm15b

cm65.3725.25.16.0445d

012517042.065.3715

069.7bdAs

126042993.0517660915.0k126042993.0267972823.0k

126042993.0126042993.0252085987.0k

nnn2k

252085987.0n2126042993.0012517042.00697101.10n

0697101.10180100,15

000,040,2

f100,15

000,040,2

E

En

ksc180f

2

2

'cc

s

'c

39

869.0869460692.0

3391617922.01

3k1j

392.0391617922.0k

6 ksc65f375.0f 'cc ksc655.67180375.0fc ksc65fc SR-24 ksc1200f5.0f ys ksc120024005.0fs

() ksc1200fs

mkg38978.775,2Mcmkg978.538,27765.37869.0069.71200jdAfM

s

sss

ksc65fc

mkg021497.354,2M

cmkg1497.402,23565.3715869.0392.06521kjbdf

21M

c

22cc

mkg021497.354,2Mc ksc65fc ksc1200fs 0 2 1 3 ( 1 4 ) 2 3 235 4 ( 5 1) 0

mkg350,2M

m/kg16245.015.02400bh2400wG

() w kg/m w + 162 kg/m L = 4.00

010895.1177162w

800.4162w021497.354,2

8L162wM

2

2

m/kg015,1010895.1015w

40 () m/kg162ww G P

kg021497.2030P

400.4P

800.4162021497.354,2

4PL

8wLM

2

2

kg030,2P

2.3 ... 0.200.60 MR AsR ksc2400f,ksc210f y'c ... 6

2.3

fc fs

ksc120024005.0f5.0f

32.9210100,15000,040,2

f100,15000,040,2

EEn

ys

'cc

s

... ksc5.9421045.0f45.0f 'cc

ksc169.17859.0423.05.9421kjf

21R

859.03423.01

3k1j

423.0

5.9432.912001

1

nff1

1k

c

c

s

41 () RB 19 mm 2.5 RB 6 mm 4 d cm25.52

25.29.16.0460d

mkg488613.374,9M

cmkg8613.448,93725.5220169.17RbdM

R

22R

0 9 3 937 4 5 0

mkg370,9MR

2

s

RsR cm40551513.1725.52859.0200,1

8613.448,937jdf

MA

RB 19 mm 1 222

b cm835.249.1

4d RB 19 mm

8714.6

835.240551513.17N

() 3.5 3.75 cm75.3cm4.1

149.146.06.05.35.320clear

3 3 cm75.3cm05.3

139.136.06.05.35.320clear

4 2 cm75.3cm8

129.126.06.05.35.320clear

2 4 2 8 2 3 d cm85.47

25.29.15.29.16.0460d

mkg105741.862,7M

cmkg5741.210,78685.4720169.17RbdM

R

22R

42 2

s

RsR cm94.1585.47859.0200,1

5741.210,786jdf

MA RB 19 mm 662.5

835.294.15N

3 2

mkg677585.601,8M

cmkg7585.167,86005.5020169.17RbdM

cm05.5029.15.29.16.0460d

R

22R

mkg600,8MR

6

ksc65ksc75.78210375.0f375.0f 'cc ksc65fc

ksc6681.9888.0335.06521kjf

21R

888.03335.01

3k1j

335.0

6532.9200,11

1

nff1

1k

c

c

s

3 2 RB 19 mm

2

s

RsR

22R

cm082.905.50888.0200,1

2934.372,484jdf

MA

cmkg2934.372,48405.50206681.9RbdM

cm05.5029.15.29.16.0460d

RB 19 mm 4203.3

835.2082.9N

RB 19 mm 2

43 2.5 ... 12 mm RB 9 mm n 2n

2.14

2.14() Asc d 4 2.5 Ast () d 4 2.5 2.14() kbdf

21C c1

ssR1 fAT d3k1jd

jdfAjdTMM

MRbdkjbdf21

jdkbdf21

jdCM

ssR1R1

R22

cc11

44

3k1j

nff1

1k

c

s

kjf21R c (2.9)

2R RbdM (2.10)

jdfMAs

RsR (2.11)

M 1sA scA 'ddfA'ddfAMM'M s1s'sscR (2.12) 'ddf

MMA 's

Rsc

(2.13) 'ddf

MMAs

R1s

(2.14) 2.14() s1s'ssc fAfA

'dkdkdd

ff's

s

k1d'dk

fkdd'dkdff ss

's

2 ...

ss's fk1d'dk

f2f

(2.15)

45 1 'cf 28 , ksc yf , ksc ksc2400fy SR-24 ksc3000fy SD-30 ksc4000fy SD-40 ksc5000fy SD-50

'c

'cc

s

f0993377.135

f100,15000,040,2

EEn 2

'cc f45.0f ..., ksc ksc65f375.0f 'cc 6, ksc ksc1200f5.0f ys SR-24 ksc1500f5.0f ys SD-30 ksc1700f5.0f ys SD-40 SD-40 1700 ksc

c

s

nff1

1k

3k1j

kjf21R c

2 h

7000f

4.016Lh y

10Lh

7000f

4.08Lh y

5Lh

L =

46 b

5hb

35Lb

cm20b 15 bh2400wG kg/m b h M ( V )

3 d d 'sf

ss's fk1d'dk

f2f

2R RbdM 4 stA scA RMM

jdfMA

0A

sst

sc

RMM

'ddf

MMjdf

MA

'ddfMMA

s

R

s

Rst

's

Rsc

stsc AA stsc AA d d

5

6

47 2.4 16,500 kg m

2m60.025.0 ksc3000f,ksc250f y'c ...

2.4

1 ksc250f 'c ksc3000fy

ksc500,1000,35.0f5.0fksc5.11225045.0f45.0f

54.8250100,15000,040,2

f100,15000,040,2

EEn

ys

'cc

'cc

s

ksc086.19870.0390.05.11221kjf

21R

870.03390.01j

390.0

5.11254.8500,11

1

nff1

1k

c

'c

s

2

m/kg36060.025.02400bh2400w

cm25bcm60h

G

cmkg000,650,1mkg500,16M

48 3 RB 9 mm DB 25 mm DB 25 mm 4 cm

cmkg3.650,383,185.5325086.19RbdM

ksc500,1fksc36.356,1390.01

85.5315.6390.0

15002k1d'dk

f2f

cm15.625.29.04'd

cm85.5325.29.0460d

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cm42.8Acm979.2A

45.755.32500,173.766,85156,125

55.32909.0500,173.766,85

'ddfMM

jdfMA

cm32.3910095.8

156,125RbMd

cm5077.4645.732.39'ddh h = 50 cm

cmkg422,129mkg22.294,100.472891wL

91M

m/kg72862005.050.010.02400w

22

ksc500,1ksc73.408274.01

55.4245.7274.0

15002k1d'dk

f2f

cm45.7'd

cm55.4225.26.16.0450d

s's

Mmkg1774.560,14655.4210095.8RbdM 22R

2s

st

sc

cm23.255.42909.0500,1

422,129jdfMA

0A

Vkg6.911,155.421024029.0bdf29.0V

kg236.146,14255.0200.4728d

2LwV

'cc

RB 6 mm 222bv cm565.06.04d4A

cm275.21

255.42

2d

s

cm776.38105.32400565.0

b5.3

fAs yv

121 cm60s -RB 6 mm @ 200mm

3.5 12 mm 3.5() 0.60 0.60 0.10 0.60 3.5() RB 9 mm @ 60 mm RB 9 mm @ 90 mm 3.5() RB 9 mm 33.13

06.010.010.060.0

RB 9 mm 13.33 2s cm48.8636.033.13A DB 20 mm 221s cm14.30.24A

DB 20 mm = 437.214.348.8 2

2 2 3.5() S/300 S/250 S S/150 S/100

122

3.5

3.6 3.6

123

3.6

(1) (2) (3)

3.7 0.10 # RB 9 mm @ 250 mm 0.05 3.7

3.7

124 25 grouting agent nonshrink

3.8

3.8() 0.15 0.20 0.25 3.8() ( m00.500.5 ) RB 15 mm @ 300 mm Pavement Design Highway Engineering 3.7 3.8()

3.8

S2 S1 3.9() S2 S1 S2 S1 3.9()

125

3.9

3.9 0.35 0.05 (Hollow Core) 0.60 1.20 120 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm RB 6 mm @ 300 mm Wiremesh 4 mm @ 250 mm 3.10 ..

3.10 solid plank

126

3 3.1 S1, S2, S3, S4 2m/kg200

,ksc250f 'c ksc400,2fy 3.2 S3 2m/kg800

,ksc250f 'c ksc400,2fy ksc000,3fy

4

4.1

4.1

4.1() (riser) 0.20 0.19 0.175 0.150 2.5 (tread) 0.22 0.24 0.25 ( 27.5 ) 0.275 ( 30 )

128

tan

4.1() t

4.2

4.2() ... 4.2() ( 4.50 ) 4.2() 4.2() 4.2() 4.2()

129 3.00 4.00

4.2 2m/kg300 2m/kg400 2m/kg500 1.00

4.3

4.3()

2222 hbbcos,

hbhsin,

bhtan

22 hbth025.0b

21A

cosbth025.0b

21A

130 1.00 221 hbt2400h025.0b2

12400w

b

hbt2400h025.0b1200bww

221

D kg/m (4.1)

t

t2400wD (4.2)

b, h, t 222L m/kg500,m/kg400,m/kg300w

LD www (4.3)

(4.1) L 2 cm bd cm

cm107000f

4.020Lt y

2d2td b

8

wLM2

'cf yf ksc65f375.0f 'cc ksc1200f5.0f ys SR-24

131 ksc1500f5.0f ys SD-30 ksc1700f5.0f ys SD-40

'cc

s

f100,15000,040,2

EEn

c

s

nff1

1k

3k1j

kjf21R c

22R Rd100RbdM

RMM

R100

MRbMd

2d2dt b

RMM

m/cmjdfMA 2s

s

2b1s d4A

s

1s

AAs 3t

t25.0bt0025.0As SR-24 t20.0bt0020.0As SD-30 t18.0bt0018.0As SD-40

132 2b1s d4A

s

1st A

As 3t 4.3() 1

2222 hbbcos,

hbhsin,

bhtan

2

2

22

bh1h025.0btA

bh1htt025.0tbA

bhbhth025.0hbt025.0tbh025.0hbA

cost025.0bh025.0bthA

1.00

2

D bh1h025.0bt2400A2400w

2

1D b

h1h025.0bbt2400

bww (4.4)

t

t2400wD (4.5)

b, h, t 222L m/kg500,m/kg400,m/kg300w

LD www (4.6)

(4.1) L

133 2 cm bd cm

cm107000f

4.020Lt y

2d2td b

8

wLM2

'cf yf ksc65f375.0f 'cc ksc1200f5.0f ys SR-24 ksc1500f5.0f ys SD-30 ksc1700f5.0f ys SD-40

'cc

s

f100,15000,040,2

EEn

c

s

nff1

1k

3k1j

kjf21R c

22R Rd100RbdM

RMM

R100

MRbMd

2d2dt b

134 RMM

m/cmjdfMA 2s

s

2b1s d4A

s

1s

AAs 3t

t25.0bt0025.0As SR-24 t20.0bt0020.0As SD-30 t18.0bt0018.0As SD-40 RB 9 mm

1 'cf 28 , ksc yf , ksc ksc65f375.0f 'cc ksc200,1f5.0f ys SR-24 ksc500,1f5.0f ys SD-30 ksc700,1f5.0f ys SD-40

'cc

s

f100,15000,040,2

EEn

c

s

nff1

1k

3k1j

kjf21R c , ksc

135 H , h 0.20 0.19 0.175 b 0.22 0.24 0.25 L ,

hHN1

1N

Hh

H > 3.00 3.00 H > 4.00 4.00 H = 3.50 3.00 1 h = 0.18 2044.19

18.050.3

18.0HN1

10 m50.3L m25.0b m25.125.011050.3L1 2

m10.07000f

4.020Lt y

2 cm

bd

2d2td b

m/kgb

hbt2400h025.0b1200w22

D

m/kgbh1h025.0b

bt2400w

2

D

136 m/kg300wL m/kg400wL m/kg500wL LD www

mkg8

wLM2

cmkgRd100RbdM 22R RMM

2d2dt

R100M

RbMd

b

RMM

jdfMAs

s 2b1s d4A

s

1s

AAs

bt0025.0AsL SR-24 bt0020.0AsL SD-30 bt0018.0AsL SD-40 2b1s d4A

sL

1s1 A

As

3

137 4.1 3.00 4.50 4.00

4.1

1 ksc240f 'c ksc3000fy SD-30 ksc6590240375.0f375.0f 'cc ksc500,1000,35.0f5.0f ys 72.8

240100,15000,040,2

f100,15000,040,2

EEn

'cc

s

274.06572.8

500,11

1

nff1

1k

c

s

909.03274.01

3k1j

ksc095.8909.0274.06521kjf

21R c

m00.4H 1 m19.0h 0.18 m24.0b 0.25 m50.4L 2205.21

19.000.4

hHN1

11222

2N1 b = 0.25

138 m50.225.0111 0.10 m45.1

210.000.3

m95.345.150.2 L = 4.50 m m55.095.350.4 m182.01818.0

2200.4h

2

m20.0186.0700030004.0

2050.4

7000f

4.020Lt y

2 cm mm16db cm2.17

26.1220d

m/kg83496.833w25.0

182.025.020.02400182.0025.025.01200w

bhbt2400h025.0b1200w

D

22

D

22

D

m/kg96123.960w

25.0182.01182.0025.025.0

25.020.02400w

bh1h025.0b

bt2400w

D

2

D

2

D

139 m/kg400wL m/kg1234400834www LD m/kg1361400961www LD

cmkg25.356,312mkg5625.123,38

50.4234,18

wLM22

cmkg125.503,344mkg03125.445,38

50.4361,18

wLM22

0.20 125.503,344Mcmkg48.482,2392.17100095.8RbdM 22R 0.20

cm2.2426.1227

2d2td

cm274.2326.1263.20

2d2dt

cm63.20100095.8125.503,344

RbMd

b

b

27 cm

m/kg10428.1041w25.0

182.025.027.02400182.0025.025.01200w

bhbt2400h025.0b1200w

D

22

D

22

D

m/kg297,13.1296w

25.0182.01182.0025.025.0

25.027.02400w

bh1h025.0b

bt2400w

D

2

D

2

D

140 m/kg400wL m/kg442,1400042,1www LD m/kg697,1400297,1www LD

cmkg25.006,365mkg0625.650,38

50.4442,18

wLM22

cmkg125.553,429mkg53125.295,48

50.4697,18

wLM22

0.27 125.553,429Mcmkg58.075,4742.24100095.8RbdM 22R m/cm062.11

2.24909.0500,125.006,365

jdfMA 2s

s m/cm018.13

2.24909.0500,1125.553,429

jdfMA 2s

s DB 16 mm 222b1s cm01.26.14d4A

m18.0m1817.0

062.1101.2

AAs

s

1s m15.0m1544.0

018.1301.2

AAs

s

1s RB 9 mm SR-24 m/cm75.6271000025.0bt0025.0A 2stemp RB 9 mm 222b1s cm636.09.04d4A

141 m09.0m0942.0

75.6636.0

AAsstemp

1s

DB 12 mm 222b1s cm131.12.14d4A

m15.0m1676.0

75.6131.1

AAsstemp

1s

3

142

4.2 3.00 6.00 4.00

4.2

143 1 ksc240f 'c ksc3000fy SD-30 ksc6590240375.0f375.0f 'cc ksc500,1000,35.0f5.0f ys 72.8

240100,15000,040,2

f100,15000,040,2

EEn

'cc

s

274.06572.8

500,11

1

nff1

1k

c

s

909.03274.01

3k1j

ksc095.8909.0274.06521kjf

21R c

m00.4H 1 m19.0h 0.18 m24.0b 0.25 2205.21

19.000.4

hHN1

11222

2N1 b = 0.25

m75.225.011L2 0.10 m45.1

210.000.3

m625.1

275.200.6L1

m182.01818.0

2200.4h

144

2

m15.0114.0700030004.0

2075.2

7000f

4.020Lt y

2 cm mm12db cm4.12

22.1215d

m/kg6865.685w25.0

182.025.015.02400182.0025.025.01200w

bhbt2400h025.0b1200w

D

22

D

22

D

m/kg72117.720w

25.0182.01182.0025.025.0

25.015.02400w

bh1h025.0b

bt2400w

D

2

D

2

D

m/kg36015.02400t2400wD m/kg400wL 1w 2w

m/kg086,1400686w

m/kg760400360w

2

1

m/kg121,1400721wm/kg760400360w

2

1

A, B, C, D Slope-deflection Moment distribution

145 AB

2395833.167

12625.1760

12wLFEM

2395833.16712

625.176012wLFEM

22

BA

22

AB

BC

40625.684

1275.2086,1

12wLFEM

40625.68412

75.2086,112wLFEM

22

CB

22

BC

BC

4635417.706

1275.2121,1

12wLFEM

4635417.70612

75.2121,112wLFEM

22

CB

22

BC

CD

2395833.167

12625.1760

12wLFEM

2395833.16712

625.176012wLFEM

22

DC

22

CD

slope-deflection NFNFFNNF FEM32L

EI2M AB 2395833.167032

625.1EI2M BAAB

2395833.167625.1EI2

625.1EI4M BAAB

2395833.167032625.1EI2M ABBA

2395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2M BABA

BC 40625.684032

75.2EI2M CBBC

40625.68475.2

EI275.2

EI4M CBBC

146 40625.684032

75.2EI2M BCCB

40625.68475.2

EI475.2

EI2M CBCB BC 4635417.706032

75.2EI2M CBBC

4635417.70675.2

EI275.2

EI4M CBBC

4635417.70603275.2EI2M BCCB

4635417.70675.2

EI475.2

EI2M CBCB CD 2395833.167032

625.1EI2M DCCD

2395833.167625.1EI2

625.1EI4M DCCD

2395833.167032625.1EI2M CDDC

2395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2M DCDC

A 0MAB .......................................................(1) B 0MM BCBA .......................................................(2) C 0MM CDCB .......................................................(3) D 0MDC ........................................................(4) slope-deflection (1) 02395833.167

625.1EI2

625.1EI4M BAAB

8821614.135EIEI2 BA ...........................(1) (2)

1666667.517

75.2EI2

75.2EI4

625.1EI4

625.1EI2

040625.68475.2

EI275.2

EI42395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2

CBBA

CBBA

75.2625.1 088542.2311EI25.3EI5.6EI11EI5.5 CBBA 088542.2311EI25.3EI5.17EI5.5 CBA ..........................(2)

147 (2)

2239584.539

75.2EI2

75.2EI4

625.1EI4

625.1EI2

04635417.70675.2

EI275.2

EI42395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2

CBBA

CBBA

75.2625.1 657064.2409EI25.3EI5.6EI11EI5.5 CBBA 657064.2409EI25.3EI5.17EI5.5 CBA ..........................(2) (3)

1666667.517

625.1EI2

625.1EI4

75.2EI4

75.2EI2

02395833.167625.1EI2

625.1EI440625.684

75.2EI4

75.2EI2

DCCB

DCCB

75.2625.1 088542.2311EI5.5EI11EI5.6EI25.3 DCCB 088542.2311EI5.5EI5.17EI25.3 DCB (3) (3)

2239584.539

625.1EI2

625.1EI4

75.2EI4

75.2EI2

02395833.167625.1EI2

625.1EI440625.706

75.2EI4

75.2EI2

DCCB

DCCB

75.2625.1 657064.2409EI5.5EI11EI5.6EI25.3 DCCB 657064.2409EI5.5EI5.17EI25.3 DCB (3) (4)

2395883.167

625.1EI4

625.1EI2

02395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2M

DC

DCDC

1.625 8821655.135EI2EI DC ..................................(4)

148 (1) (4) 8821614.135EIEI2 BA ...........................(1) 088542.2311EI25.3EI5.17EI5.5 CBA ..........................(2) 088542.2311EI5.5EI5.17EI25.3 DCB (3) 8821655.135EI2EI DC ..................................(4) Gauss-Jordan Elimination (1) (2) 2215.5 (3) (4) 8821614.135EIEI2 BA ...........................(1) 825196.3874EI5.6EI5.29 CB ..........................(2) 088542.2311EI5.5EI5.17EI25.3 DCB (3) 8821655.135EI2EI DC ..................................(4) (1) (2) (3) 35.29225.3 (4) 8821614.135EIEI2 BA ...........................(1) 825196.3874EI5.6EI5.29 CB ..........................(2) 29388.80770EI25.162EI125.495 DC (3) 8821655.135EI2EI DC ..................................(4) (1) (2) (3) (4) 4125.4953 8821614.135EIEI2 BA ...........................(1) 825196.3874EI5.6EI5.29 CB ..........................(2) 29388.80770EI25.162EI125.495 DC (3) 63668.13491EI828 D ..................................(4) (4) 2942472.16

82863668.13491EI D

(3) 4706599.168

125.4952942472.1625.16229388.80770EI C

(2) 4706605.168

5.294706599.1685.6825196.3874EI B

(1) 29424956.16

24706605.1688821614.135EI A

149 slope-deflection

0000000038.0M

2395833.167625.14706605.1682

625.129424956.164M

2395833.167625.1EI2

625.1EI4M

AB

AB

BAAB

8821328.561M

2395833.167162.14706605.1684

625.129424956.162M

2395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2M

BA

BA

BABA

BABC

BC

CBBC

M8821328.561M

40625.68475.24706599.1682

75.24706605.1684M

40625.68475.2

EI275.2

EI4M

8821341.561M

40625.68475.24706599.1684

75.24706605.1682M

40625.68475.2

EI475.2

EI2M

CB

CB

CBCB

CBCD

CD

DCCD

M8821342.561M

2395833.167625.12942472.162

625.14706599.1684M

2395833.167625.1EI2

625.1EI4M

0000005015.0M

2395833.167625.12942472.164

625.14706599.1682M

2395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2M

DC

DC

DCDC

AB

kg2736202.963V625.17607263798.271LwVV

kg7263798.271625.18821328.5610

2625.1760V

LMM

2LwV

BA

11ABBA

AB

1

BAAB11AB

150

mkg8821328.561M

mkg57580624.487602

7263798.2710w2VMM

0M

BA

2

1

2AB

ABAB

AB

BC

kg25.493,1V75.2086,125.493,1LwVV

kg25.493,175.2

8821328.5618821328.5612

75.21086V

LMM

2LwV

BA

22BCCB

BC

2

CBBC22BC

mkg8821328.561M

mkg7272422.464086,1225.493,18821328.561

w2VMM

8821328.561M

CB

2

2

2BC

BCBC

BC

CD

kg7263798.271V625.17602736202.963LwVV

kg2736202.963625.1

08821342.5612625.1760V

LMM

2LwV

DC

11CDDC

CD

1

DCCD11CD

0.15 cmkg21342.188,56M Mcmkg72.468,1244.12100095.8RbdM 22R m/cm323.3

4.12909.0500,121342.188,56

jdfMA 2s

s m/cm3151000020.0bt0020.0A 2stemp DB 10 mm 222b1s cm785.00.14d4A

m20.0m236.0

323.3785.0

AAs

s

1s m25.0m262.0

3785.0

AAsstemp

1s1

152 (1) (4) 8821614.135EIEI2 BA (1) 657064.2409EI25.3EI5.17EI5.5 CBA ...............(2) 657064.2409EI5.5EI5.17EI25.3 DCB ...............(3) 8821655.135EI2EI DC .............................................(4) (1) (2) 2215.5 (3) (4) 8821614.135EIEI2 BA (1) 96224.4071EI5.6EI5.29 CB .................................(2) 657064.2409EI5.5EI5.17EI25.3 DCB ...............(3) 8821655.135EI2EI DC .............................................(4) (1) (2) (3) 35.29225.3 (4) 8821614.135EIEI2 BA (1) 96224.4071EI5.6EI5.29 CB .................................(2) 76067.318,84EI25.162EI125.495 DC .....................(3) 8821655.135EI2EI DC .............................................(4) (1) , (2) (3) (4) 4125.4953 8821614.135EIEI2 BA (1) 96224.4071EI5.6EI5.29 CB .................................(2) 76067.318,84EI25.162EI125.495 DC .....................(3) 10348.040,17EI828 D .................................................(4) (4) 57983512.20

82810348.040,17EI D

(3) 0418357.177

125.49557983512.2025.16276067.318,84EI C

(2) 0418363.177

5.290418357.1775.696224.071,4EI B

(1) 57983747.20

20418363.1778821614.135EI A

153 slope deflection AB

0000000038.0M

2395833.167625.10418363.1772

625.157983747.204M

2395833.167625.1EI2

625.1EI4M

AB

AB

BAAB

mkg705842.577M

2395833.167625.10418363.1774

625.157983747.202M

2395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2M

BA

BA

BABA

BC

BABC

BC

CBBC

Mmkg7058421.577M

4635417.70675.20418357.1772

75.20418363.1774M

4635417.70675.2

EI275.2

EI4M

mkg7058434.577M

4635417.70675.20418357.1774

75.20418363.1772M

4635417.70675.2

EI475.2

EI2M

CB

CB

CBCB

CD

CBCD

CD

DCCD

Mmkg7058434.577M

2395833.167625.1

57983512.202625.10418357.1774M

2395833.167625.1EI2

625.1EI4M

0000005007.0M

2395833.167625.1

57953512.204625.10418357.1772M

2395833.167625.1EI4

625.1EI2M

DC

DC

DCDC

154 AB

kg0112874.973V625.17609887126.261LwVV

kg9887126.261625.1705842.5770

2625.1760V

LMM

2LwV

BA

11ABBA

AB

1

BAAB11AB

mkg705842.577M

mkg15663522.457602

9887126.2610w2VMM

0M

BA

2

1

2AB

ABAB

AB

BC

kg375.541,1V75.2121,1375.541,1LwVV

kg375.541,175.2

7058434.577705842.5772

75.2121,1V

LMM

2LwV

BA

22BCCB

BC

2

CBBC22BC

mkg7058434.577M

mkg9894705.481121,12375.541,1705842.577

w2VMM

705842.577M

CB

2

2

2BC

BCBC

BC

CD

kg9887118.261V625.17600112885.973LwVV

kg0112882.973625.1

07058434.5772625.1760V

LMM

2LwV

DC

11CDDC

CD

1

DCCD11CD

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