Diseases

Communicable DiseasePhysical Health

Starter1. Where is the first place you should

usually start when reading a food label?2. List two things you can do to avoid

portion distortion3. List two of the problems we talked about

with fad diets4. T/F: We should make sure that we are

getting plenty of calorie dense foods in our diet

Why do we get sick? What are factors in us getting sick?

What is a disease? a condition that prevents the body or

mind from working normally

How many are there? Not sure of exact number possible but A

LOT!!!

Pathogen A biological agent that causes disease

or illness to its host.

How are pathogens spread? Droplets from nose Direct contact Contaminated food Contaminated water By body fluids Vectors

Communicable Disease a disease that can be communicated

from one person to another Examples

HIV/AIDS H1N1 STD Measles Flu Rabies

Poster Board Activity What is it your disease? How is it transmitted? How does someone know they have it

(symptoms)? How can it be prevented? Any treatments? 1 interesting fact or statistic

* Each person must present at least 1 thing!*

What effect do they have? Economic effect = billions of dollars a

year in treatment, sick leave, etc.

Social effect = some are untreatable/incurable you have them for LIFE

Physical effect = varies depending on the disease

Flu (Influenza) The flu is a contagious respiratory

illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs.

How the Flu Spreads Most experts believe that flu viruses

spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth, eyes or possibly their nose.

Prevention Wash Hands Get Vaccinated Stay home if sick Cough and sneeze into sleeve

HIV and AIDS (in the US) Number of new AIDS cases: 33,015

(2010) Number of deaths: 8,369 How is it transmitted?

Contact with: blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, sharing needles.

Prevention One sexual Partner – EVER! No sharing needles GET TESTED!!!!

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a

bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal.  

How is it spread? TB is spread through the air from one

person to another. The TB bacteria are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected.

TB is NOT spread by

shaking someone’s hand sharing food or drink touching bed linens or toilet seats sharing toothbrushes kissing

Symptoms a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer pain in the chest coughing up blood or sputum weakness or fatigue weight loss no appetite chills fever sweating at night

Who is at risk? Has HIV infection; Has been recently infected with TB

bacteria (in the last 2 years); Has other health problems, like diabetes,

that make it hard for the body to fight bacteria;

Abuses alcohol or uses illegal drugs Was not treated correctly for TB infection

in the past

Measles A childhood infection caused by a virus Once quite common, measles can now almost

always be prevented with a vaccine. Signs and symptoms of measles include cough,

runny nose, inflamed eyes, sore throat, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash.

While death rates have been falling worldwide as more children receive the measles vaccine, the disease still kills more than 100,000 people a year, most under the age of 5.

Hepatitis Hepatitis A. This type won’t lead to long-term infection and

usually doesn’t cause any complications. Your liver heals in about 2 months. You can prevent it with a vaccine

Hepatitis B. Most people recover from this type in 6 months. Sometimes though, it causes a long-term infection that could lead to liver damage. Once you’ve got the disease, you can spread the virus even if you don’t feel sick. You wont catch it if you get a vaccine.

Hepatitis C. Many people with this type don't have any symptoms. About 80% of those with the disease get a long-term infection. It can sometimes lead to cirrhosis, a scarring of the liver. There's no vaccine to prevent it.

Hepatitis People may become ill decades after initial

infection, viral hepatitis is sometimes referred to as a ‘silent epidemic.’

Responsible for more than one million deaths annually, mostly in low- and middle- income countries.  

Hepatitis B virus alone infects an estimated one in three people worldwide.

Hepatitis B and C cause roughly 80% of liver cancers, and are an important cause of cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver.

Prevention: Hep B = Vaccine, Hep C = Screening

Polio

Caused by a virus that invades the nervous system

Spread through contaminated food or water

Preventable by vaccine Can’t be cured, but treatment may help FDR

What can I do?1. Handle & Prepare Food Safely

2. Wash Hands Often

3. Clean & Disinfect Commonly Used Surfaces

4. Cough & Sneeze Into Your Sleeve

5. Don't Share Personal Items

6. Get Vaccinated

7. Avoid Touching Wild Animals

8. Stay Home When Sick