Disease management in organic crops

DISEASE

MANAGEMENT

IN ORGANIC

FARMING

GROUP MEMBERS

1. HIMANSHU V. LAL - 10BSCAG003

2. ESTHER GARIMA - 10BSCAG048

3. APOORVA SHUKLA - 10BSCAG059

4. DOVE MARWEIN -10BSCAG025

5. B.DAMEAN. GURUNG - 10BSCAG002

6. TYLLILANG NONGLAIT -10BSCAG035

7. ANKIT SHARMA - 10BSCAG142

8. NGAWANG TENZIN - 11BSCAG135

9. SAGAR ACHARYA - 10BSCAG107

INTRODUCTION• Diseases controls are important because of the

loss they cause on crops.

• The loss can be occur at any time between

sowing and consumption of the harvest from

the field

• There is no doubt that a big portion of this

stored food does not reach the mouth of

hungry millions.

PRINCIPLES OF PLANT DISEASE

MANAGEMENT

• Exclusion– prevent entry and establishment

• Elimination– removal or reduction of pathogen

• Avoidance– alter time and place of cultivation

• Protection– treat the plant to prevent infection

• Resistance– use plants genetics to limit infection and disease development

• Therapy– curative measures to limit pathogen

OUTLINE

• Organic disease control practices

before planting

• Organic disease control practices

at planting

• Organic disease control practices

after planting

ORGANIC PRACTICES - BEFORE

PLANTING

1.Site Analysis

2.Crop selection–must be suited for the location

3.Cropping method

4.Plant spacing–can make or break an epidemic

5.Site preparation

6.Composting–building the soil is most important

7.Planting material–disease free, resistant or tolerant

ORGANIC PRACTICES – AT

PLANTING

1.Weed control

2.Planting method and Fertilizer

3.Irrigation

4.Pest portfolio –understand life

cycles and diseases

ORGANIC PRACTISES – AFTER

PLANTING

1.Scouting & record keeping

2.Cultural practices

3.Sanitation

4.IPM

5.Use of approved pest control products

6.Fertility and Irrigation management

7.Beneficials

8.Breaking disease cycles

9.Crop rotation, fallow

1:Ginger for viral and bacterial

infectionRequriement:

Ginger, Cow urine, bucket and laddle

Procedure

1. 1/2 kg of ginger paste

2. Mixed it with 5 litres of cow urine

3. Keep it for 10-15 minutes

4. Spray it in tomatoes

5. Successful in tomato mosaic as preventive

Application of cow urine prevents bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) in

tomato, potato and chilies. Cow urine is left undisturbed for two weeks and allowed to

ferment. This fermented urine is diluted with water ten times and sprayed on the

plants.

Figure: Ginger Paste Figure: Cow urine

2:Flooding- Flooding is followed to control the

problem of soil borne pathogens.

• Flooding can be used as a form of

disease management

• Its primary purpose is to reduce weeds,

but it can also reduce the number of

fungal propagules, insects and

nematodes in the soil

• Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium,

Verticillium, and Armillaria are a few

of the soilborne pathogenFigure: Flooding

technique in Paddy field

(Meghalaya)

• Flooding can aid the destruction of crop debris carrying inoculum.

• Flooding has variable success in disease management, depending on the pathogens present

• Application of organic manures before flooding also helps to manage soil borne pathogens.

• Good quality manure contains an appropriate balance of all the microorganisms necessary to provide the soil with defenses against pathogens.

Figure: Flooding

Paddy Field

3:Earthing up- The problem of Pythium

damping off in nurseries of brinjal and tomato is

overcome by earthing up the soil.

• Hilling, earthing up or ridging is the technique in agriculture and horticulture of piling soil up around the base of a plant. It can be done by hand (usually using a hoe), or with powered machinery, typically a tractor attachment.

• Hilling may also be used to stabilize the stems of crops which are easily disturbed by wind.

• EXAMPLE:

A common application of hilling is for potatoes. The tubers grow just below the surface, and can produce chlorophyll and solanine if exposed to light (green potatoes). Solanine is toxic in large doses, and can result in nausea, headache, and in rare cases, death. By hilling one or more times during the growing season – effectively, burying the potatoes in an additional few inches of soil – yield is improved, and the harvest remains edible.

• Horsetail tea is used against fungal diseases like (mildew, rust, scab, soil borne pathogenic fungi)

• And it is especially applied on garden crops and

• Also root dip treatment and tree spray

4:Horsetail Tea-Practiced carried out in BhutanBotanical Name: Equisetum

Horsetail

• Collect the green plants of horsetail and put it in the water

• Allow it to ferment for about 10 days

• The extracted liquid which is fermented is ready for spray after 10 days.

• And is sprayed @ the ratio of 1:8

4.1:Horsetail Extraction

• Collect horsetail and dry it under shade

• Use 2kg dry horsetail with 5litres of water

• Soaked about 12 hours

• Collect the solution and spray at the ratio of 1:8

• Solution can be stored for about 2 months

4.2:Horsetail Tea Preparation

TRICHODERMA

• T. harzianum, T. viride and T. hamatum are common species used in biological control.

• Trichoderma is an avirulent plant symbiontthat occurs in all agricultural soils.

• Highly competitive and displays antagonism against other pathogenic fungi.

• Successfully cultured for use as a biofungicide

• Releases compounds that activate plant defense mechanism.

USED AGAINST:

• Club root of broccoli

•Pythium rot of seedlings

•Fusarium wilt of different crops

•Bulb rot, damping off and pink rot of onion

USED AS:

•Seed treatment of vegetables

•Sprayed on seedlings and

plants

•Mixed with compost and

applied in the field

Pic: Tricholeachate

6:CHOICE OF CROPPING SYSTEM

•Monocropping favors the development of plant disease epidemics.

•Multicropping,polycropping or agroforestry systems can greatly reduce the impact of plant diseases.

EXAMPLE:

Host: Carica papaya

Disease: Phytophthora blight

Pathogen: Phytophthora palmivora

•Proximity of adjacent plants increases the chance of infection from spores produced on neighboring plants, and increases the power of the pathogen population to adapt to the host and to the environment.

ORGANIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT

IN CARDAMOM (SIKKIM)• Eighty progressive farmers from all four Districts of

SIKKIM visited Lava in Algarah Block of Kalimpong Sub-division in Darjeeling District of West Bengal during February-March 2012.

• Farmers of the state visited large cardamom plantations at village Gitbeong and learnt of the different management practices adopted by the farmers there.

• They practiced fully organic agronomic practiceswith use of organic Farm Yard Manure along with provision of irrigation water during the lean winter season using indigenous methods and resources like :

the harvested culms were all collected, heaped

and burnt thereby helping in effective

management of the disease inoculum in field.

With large cardamom being a cross pollinated crop,

a few plants of the Churmpa variety, a wild

cultivar of large cardamom which was maintained

by each farmer in his plot helped in imparting host

plant resistance to the cultivated species.

LIMITATION OF ORGANIC DISEASE

MANAGEMENT

• Reliance on organic pest control products probably won’t save you. It is very difficult to control many plant diseases using sprays or applications of organically-approved products intended for pest control.

• Brain and brawn are your best options. It is much better to take a systems approach to managing the crop to minimize plant diseases. This usually means the a lot more planning and human labor are required.

“BUILD THE SOIL”

CONCLUSION

1. Work with nature – not against it

2. Management rather than control

3. Prevention is better than cure

THANK YOU

ONE AND ALL

FOR YOUR

KIND

ATTENTION