Discovering Cells All living organisms are composed of cells, from just one to many trillions, whose details usually are visible only through a microscope
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Discovering Cells All living organisms are composed of cells, from just one to many trillions, whose details usually are visible only through a microscope.
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Slide 1
Discovering Cells All living organisms are composed of cells,
from just one to many trillions, whose details usually are visible
only through a microscope
Slide 2
An Overview of Cells Key concept: Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things. Examples of function:
obtaining oxygen, getting rid of waste, obtaining food, growing,
and more Cells function similarly in all organisms, they carry out
the basic processes of life similarly Cells are so small they are
measured in micrometers One square centimeter of Skin is more than
100,000 cells Cells are visible only through microscope
Slide 3
Slide 4
First Observations of Cells 1590ish invention of the microscope
Key concept: The invention of the microscope made it possible for
people to discover and learn about cells. Robert Hooke one of first
people to observe cells built his own microscope- one of the best
of his time observed cork which looked like small rectangular rooms
they called cells
Slide 5
First Observations of Cells Anton van Leeuwenhook Dutch
businessman Built simple microscopes in his spare time Looked at
drops of lake water, scrapings from teeth and gums, water from rain
gutters Animalcules- means little animals, small organisms that
moved that he found in things like lake water
Slide 6
Development of the Cell Theory Schleiden- all plants are made
of cells Schwann- all animals are made of cells Virchow- new cells
are formed only from cells that already exist Until these mens time
people believed that cells can come from non-living matter
Slide 7
Cell Theory An explanation of the relationship between cells
and living things i.All living things are made of cells. ii. Cells
are the basic units of structure and function iii. All cells are
produced from other cells
Slide 8
Notice the shape of each cell!
Slide 9
Microscopes Light Microscope Magnification: the ability to make
things larger The light is bent in a light microscope in order to
make the specimen larger (using a concave lens) Resolution: the
ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of a
specimen
Slide 10
Microscopes Continued Electron Microscope Electron microscopes
use a beam of electrons instead of light to produced a high
magnified image Electron is a stable subatomic particle with a
charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as
the primary carrier of electricity in solids Allows you to see a
three dimensional specimen
Slide 11
Microscopes Microscopes allow us to see things we cannot see
with the naked eye.
Slide 12
Unicellular and Multicellular Unicellular- single celled
Multicellular- many cells Key concept: In multicellular organisms,
cells are often organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Tissue- a group of singular cells that work together Organs- is
made up of different kinds of tissue Organ system- a group of
organs that work together to perform a major function in the
body
Slide 13
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EukaryoticCell
Slide 17
Plant Cell
Slide 18
vacuole Animal Cell
Slide 19
CELL WALL Prokaryotic cells (bacteria )and plant cells both
have a rigid cell wall made up of polysaccharides. The cell wall
provides and maintains the shape of these cells and serves as a
protective barrier. Can be also found in fungi cells.
Slide 20
Cell Membrane Boundary between the inside of the cell and its
surroundings. The cell membrane controls the movement of nutrients,
water, salts, and other substances into the cell and movement of
waste out of the cell. The membrane keeps out harmful bacteria,
viruses, and other things that could damage the cell.
Slide 21
Boundaries List five boundaries that you can see around you.
For each one, tell what marks the boundary. List what is kept in
and what is kept out by the boundary. Example A fence marks the
boundary of the yard. The fence keeps pet dog and young children
in. It keeps strange dogs and bicyclists out
Slide 22
Cytoplasm This is a gel-like substance that fills the cell and
surround the organelles. It would be in comparison to our
environment (air, land, water)
Slide 23
Organelles Small structures inside the cell membrane. Each
organelle has a particular job to do to keep the cell working
properly. The organelles are found in the cytoplasm that fills the
cell.
Slide 24
What do all living things need to stay alive? All living things
need nutrients, water, and air. All living things need a suitable
place to live.
Slide 25
What are the characteristics of all living things? Respond to
their environment, inside and out. Organized to carry out life
functions. Grow and develop. Energy. Reproduce.
Slide 26
What do you think a single cell needs to do in order to stay
alive?
Slide 27
Nucleus 1. Stores cell hereditary materials, DNA 2. Coordinates
the cells activities (Metabolism, growing, protein synthesis, cell
division (reproduction)) 3. Brain of the cell 1.
Chromosomes/chromatin: codes for the DNA 2. Nucleolus:
Membrane-less organism, that manufactures ribosomes. 3. Nuclear
Envelope: double-layered membrane that envelopes the contents of
the nucleus 4. Nuclear Pore: regulates passage of molecules between
nucleus and cytoplasm.
Slide 28
Vacuole Water-filled sack that floats in the cytoplasm. Stores
waste, water, and other substances such as food
Slide 29
Mitochondria Provide energy for the cell by breaking down
sugar. Known as the power house of the cell In a city this would be
compared to power plants Mitochondria burn fuel to provide our
cells with energy. A chemical reaction called cellular respiration
takes place in the mitochondria. Humans cannot live without
mitochondria! Why?
Slide 30
Think about It: No organism can survive without energy. How do
you get and use energy? Draw the concept map below, list some
things in the center box that are sources of energy for your body.
In the other boxes list ways your body uses energy. Sources Of
Energy
Slide 31
Where would you expect to find more mitochondria-in very active
cells such as those in your heart and liver, or in less active
cells such as those in your earlobes? Explain your answer. On a
sheet of paper answer the following:
Slide 32
Take in and use Energy Cellular respiration Mitochondria burn
fuel to provide our cells with energy. A chemical reaction called
cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. C 6 H 12 O 6
+ 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy Glucose + oxygen carbon + water +
energy dioxide
Slide 33
Plant Cells Power House Plant cells like animal cells have
mitochondria, but they also have another kind of energy-converting
organelle called chloroplast a chloroplast.. The process that
plants use chloroplast is called photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is the
chemical in the chloroplasts that captures sunlight.
Slide 34
Take in and use Energy Photosynthesis The process that plants
use chloroplast is called photosynthesis. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O +light
energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon + water + light energy glucose +
oxygen dioxide
Slide 35
Endoplasmic reticulum Carries materials around in the cell.
Name some things in a city that would be like the endoplasmic
reticulum. Sometimes known as smooth endoplasmic reticulum or rough
endoplasmic reticulum if ribosome's are attached.
Slide 36
Ribosome's Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis They
can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the surface of ER They
would be like factories producing needed products. Protein helps
with growth and repair of a body.
Slide 37
Golgi Bodies 1. Final sorting and packaging of proteins and
Lipids (fats) 2. How does it do that: Membrane breaks away as
vesicles. 3. It is like a packaging and shipping center. (The UPS
men) What does it look like? stacks of membrane-covered sacs that
package and move proteins to the outside of the cell. Golgi bodies
are the packaging and secreting organelles of the cell. Note: Golgi
Bodies are sometimes referred to as Golgi Apparatus.
Slide 38
Lysosomes Lysosomes are a special type of vesiclevesicle that
contain digestive enzymes. They are round structures surrounded by
membranes. Lysosomes recycle materials by breaking down worn- out
parts of a cell into smaller units. They deliver these materials to
the cytoplasm for use in constructing new proteins. If the membrane
of a lysosome breaks, the enzymes released may also destroy the
cell itself, giving lysosomes the name "suicide bag".cytoplasm
Lysosomes would be like waste processing plants.
Slide 39
Write a Dialogue: A dialogue is a conversation between at least
two people. Choose two of the organelles of a plant or animal cell.
Then write a dialogue between them in which they argue about which
of them is more important to the cells survival.
Slide 40
You must know all the parts of an animal and plant cell Click
here to practice with an animal and plant cell