Dec 25, 2015
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Median Real Income, Median Real Income, Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
Growth in GDP per capita,1996 - Growth in GDP per capita,1996 - 20082008Emerging Countries Other Countries Oil ExportersBotswana 4.1 Burundi -0.8 Angola 7.6Burkina Faso 2.8 Central African Republic -0.5 Cameroon 1.7Cape Verde 4.0 Comoros -0.3 Chad 3.4Ethiopia 4.1 Congo, Dem. Rep. -1.1 Congo, Rep. 1.3Ghana 2.6 Cote d'Ivoire -0.9 Eq. Guinea 23.6Lesotho 2.3 Djibouti -0.4 Gabon -0.7Mali 2.5 Eritrea -1.7 Mauritania 1.1Mauritius 3.7 Gambia, The 1.5 Nigeria 2.3Mozambique 5.4 Guinea 1.7 Sudan 4.7Namibia 2.4 Guinea-Bissau -2.3 Rwanda 3.7 Niger 0.6 Sao Tome and Principe 5.0 Madagascar 0.9 Seychelles 2.6 Somalia n.a. South Africa 2.0 Swaziland 1.9 Tanzania 3.0 Togo 0.2 Uganda 3.8 Zimbabwe -2.9 Zambia 1.8
Threshold Countries Benin 1.3 Kenya 2003-08 2.4 Liberia 2005-08 3.1Malawi 1.2Senegal 1.4Sierra Leone 2003-08 3.7
Average Per Capita Average Per Capita Income Income
Growth in Per Capita Growth in Per Capita IncomeIncome
Gross Capital Formation Gross Capital Formation (Investment)(Investment)
Total TradeTotal Trade
Productivity GrowthProductivity GrowthTotal Factor Productivity Growth in SSA (3 Total Factor Productivity Growth in SSA (3 year rolling average)year rolling average)
Agricultural ProductionAgricultural Production
Infant MortalityInfant Mortality
Primary School EnrollmentPrimary School Enrollment
Population Growth RatePopulation Growth Rate
Poverty Rates in the Emerging Poverty Rates in the Emerging African CountriesAfrican Countries Share of population with incomes less than $1.25/dayShare of population with incomes less than $1.25/day
Changes in Commodity Changes in Commodity PricesPrices
Five Fundamental Five Fundamental ChangesChanges1. The Rise of Democracy and
Improved Governance2. Stronger Economic Policies3. The End of the Debt Crisis and
Improved Donor Relations4. The Rise of New Technologies5. The Emergence of a New
Generation
Major Changes in the Emerging Major Changes in the Emerging Countries: Economic Policy Reform, Countries: Economic Policy Reform, Political Change, and Per Capita Political Change, and Per Capita Income Income
African DemocraciesAfrican Democracies
Freedom House Scores Freedom House Scores Average of Political Rights and Civil Average of Political Rights and Civil Liberties ScoresLiberties Scores
Freedom House and Polity IV Freedom House and Polity IV Scores Scores
Freedom House
Polity IV Score
7 = worst score
-10 = worst score
1 = best score
+10 = best score
Emerging Countries 1989 2008
1989 2008 Botswana 1.5 2
7 8
Burkina Faso 5.5 4
-7 0 Cape Verde 5.5 1
N/A N/A
Ethiopia 7 5
-8 1 Ghana 5.5 1.5
-7 8
Lesotho 5.5 2.5
-7 8 Mali 6 2.5
-7 6
Mauritius 2 1.5
10 10 Mozambique 6.5 3
-7 6
Namibia 3.5 2
6* 6 Rwanda 6 5.5
-7 -3
Sao Tome and Principe 5.5 2
N/A N/A Seychelles 6 3
N/A N/A
South Africa 5.5 2
4 9 Tanzania 6 3.5
-6 -1
Uganda 5 4.5
-7 -1 Zambia 5.5 3
-9 7
Threshold Countries Benin 7 2
-7 7
Kenya 6 3.5
-6 6 Liberia 5.5 3.5
-6 6
Malawi 6.5 4
-9 6 Senegal 3.5 3
-1 8
Sierra Leone 5.5 3
-7 7
Incidence of Domestic Incidence of Domestic Conflict Conflict Average number of incidents per year per Average number of incidents per year per country groupcountry group
African Leaders African Leaders Departure From PowerDeparture From Power
Source: Daniel N. Posner and Daniel J. Young, 2007, “The Institutionalization of Political Power in Africa,” Journal of Democracy 18-3 (July), pp. 128.
Governance IndicatorsGovernance IndicatorsSource: World Bank InstituteSource: World Bank Institute
Rule of Law Regulatory Quality
Year Emerging Non-emerging Emerging Non-emerging
1996 -0.47 -0.77 -0.49 -0.64
2008 -0.24 -0.99 -0.25 -1.01
Government Effectiveness Political Stability
Emerging Non-emerging Emerging Non-emerging
1996 -0.46 -0.71 -0.39 -0.40
2008 -0.29 -1.10 0.01 -0.84
Control of Corruption Voice & Accountability
Emerging Non-emerging Emerging Non-emerging
1996 -0.49 -0.55 -0.10 -0.69
2008 -0.15 -0.80 0.03 -1.19
2. Stronger Economic 2. Stronger Economic PoliciesPoliciesPrevalence of “Anti-Growth Prevalence of “Anti-Growth Syndromes”Syndromes”
Currency Overvaluation: Currency Overvaluation: The Real Exchange RateThe Real Exchange Rate
Average Import Tariff Average Import Tariff RatesRates
Changes in Agricultural Changes in Agricultural Policies: The Nominal Rate Policies: The Nominal Rate of Assistance of Assistance
Costs of Starting a Costs of Starting a BusinessBusiness
3. The End of the Debt Crisis 3. The End of the Debt Crisis and Change in Donor and Change in Donor RelationshipsRelationships
Official Financing for the Official Financing for the Emerging African Emerging African CountriesCountries
4. The rise of new 4. The rise of new Technologies:Technologies:Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 Mobile Subscriptions (per 100 people)people)
Internet Internet Subscriptions Subscriptions (per 100 people)(per 100 people)
5. The Emergence of a New 5. The Emergence of a New GenerationGeneration