-
-- 2.0
l , , , , .
:
l , , .
l .
.
(Legal Code) .
Disclaimer
. .
. .
. , .
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/kr/legalcodehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/kr/
-
- -
-
- -
2015 12
-
2015 12
-
- i -
1 1
1 1
2 6
3 8
2 10
1 10
1. 10
1) 10
2) 14
(1) 14
(2) 15
2. 16
3. 18
2 20
1. 20
1) 20
2) (ILO) 23
3) (IHR) (FCTC) 27
2. 31
1) 31
(1) 31
-
- ii -
(2) 33
2) 34
(1) 34
(2) 35
3) 36
(1) 36
(2) 39
4) 39
(1) 39
(2) 40
5) 41
(1) 41
(2) 42
6) 43
(1) 43
(2) 44
3 45
1. 45
1) 45
2) 46
3) ( ) 48
4) 51
2. 52
1) 52
2) 53
-
- iii -
3) 54
4) 55
4 56
3 58
1 58
1. 58
2. 61
2 63
1. 63
1) (19631973) 63
2) (19771987) 64
3) (19881999) 65
4) (2000) 66
2. 71
1) 71
(1) - 71
(2) 72
(3) 73
(4) 74
(5) 75
(6) 79
2) 80
4 81
-
- iv -
4 83
1 83
1. 83
1) 83
2) 85
2. 87
3 91
2 92
1. 92
2. 93
1) 93
2) 95
(1) 95
(2) 96
3) 99
3. 101
1) 101
2) 102
4. 104
3 106
1. 106
1) 108
2) 108
2. 109
1) 110
-
- v -
2) 111
3. 113
4 114
1. 115
2. 117
1) 117
2) () 119
(1) 120
(2) 120
3) 122
3. 124
1) 124
2) 125
4. 126
5 127
1. 128
1) 128
2) 129
3) 130
2. 132
1) 132
2) 133
3. 134
1) 134
2) 135
-
- vi -
3) 137
4. 139
5 141
1 141
1. 141
2. 142
2 143
1. 143
2. 144
3. 146
3 148
1. 149
2. 150
3. 150
4 151
153
A bs tra c t 165
-
- vii -
.
10 ,
35 1 , 34
, 36 3 .
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
. ,
-
- viii -
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
. ,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
-
- ix -
.
. ,
.
,
.
.
: , , , , ,
, ,
-
- 1 -
1
1
.
12
,
20%30%
. ,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
10
, 35 1 , 34
, 36 3
.1) .
-
- 2 -
.2)
.
.
,
(, ) 3
.3) 3
.
3
.
4)
5) .
.
1) , , , , 23, 4, 2013,
90 .
2) 1.
3)
.
4) 2012.6.18. 201027639, 27646(), 2012, 1312.
5) .
48cm , 10 5cm
. X
. ,
. . ' '
, 1 . ,
, 2013.11.7. .
-
- 3 -
.
.
.
,
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
-
- 4 -
. .
5
69 .
.
.
.
,
.
. .
42
.6)
.
.
.
6) 18( ) 1.
-
- 5 -
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 6 -
2
.
36.1% ,
, ,
.
.7)
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
7) , :45 , 2015-25(1), 11 .
-
- 7 -
.
(ILO) (IHR) (FCTC)
.
3
. .
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
5
.
-
- 8 -
3
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
, ,
.
.
.
-
- 9 -
.
. .8)
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
8) , : ,
38 3, , 2010, 178 .
-
- 10 -
2
1
1.
1)
health ,
heal th
. heal , , ,
hl 9) whole
hale, holy
. , () ()
()
.10) .
, ,
9) hl hlan helen heal .
hl (, Proto-Germanic) khailaz
hlan (to make whole) () hailjan
helian, heila, hela
(http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=heal&allowed_in_frame=0).
10) "() , ()
." , '()', '()', '()'
' ()'
( ) () .
. ,
, , , 2012, 16 .
-
- 11 -
.
.
.
,
.
1948 (WHO, World Health Organization)
.
11) .
, (social well-being)
.
.
1986 11 (Ottawa) 1
(Ottawa Charter, 1986)
.
.12)
, ,
11) Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. Constitution of World Health
Organization 1948.
, .
, , 2000, 23.
12) Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life,
not the objective of living. Health
is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources,
as well as physical
capacities.
-
- 12 -
.13)
. ,
, , ,
.14) 1995
.15)
.
.
()
16) ,
13) The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion-First International
Conference on Health Promotion
Ottawa, 17-21 November 1986, (
http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/milestones_ottawa.pdf).
14) WHO The determinants of health . WHO
, , , . ( http://www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en/).
15) 1995 48 99
.
(special group) 1996 1997 6
1997 11 99 .
,
, , .1)
() (Spiritual well-being)
(Dynamic) , ,
.
. 52 24(WHA52.24) .
16) , , , 2004, 504.
-
- 13 -
(International Health Regulations, 2005)1
.17)
.
,
. ,
,
.
. .
.
.18)
()
.
.
.
17) disease means an illness or medical condition, irrespective
of origin or source, that
presents or could present significant harm to humans.
18) , ; ,
(32), 2011.6. 181 .
disease , illness
() . , ,
, 2007, 30 .
-
- 14 -
.
2)
(1)
.
.
.19)
.
(shamanism) () .20)
.
,
.
.
.
19) ,
.
.
20) , , , ,
45, 1895, 25 ; , , , 2003 .
-
- 15 -
,
.
.21)
(2)
. , .
.
.
.
, . , .
.
.
.
.
, . ,
.
21) .
, (Well-being)
.
-
- 16 -
.
2.
.
.
,
. ,
.
, ,
.22)
. . ,
22)
. .
.
.
-
- 17 -
,
,
.23)
. ,
. ,
.
,
.
. .
,
. ,,
.
23) , , ,
, 149 .
-
- 18 -
3.
. ,
, ,
.24)
.25)
36
3
.26)
, ,
, ,
.
24) (right to health) (right to health care) (right in health
care) (, ,
, 1997, 275 ). .
.
.
. .
.
25) , 2003, , 655; , , , 2010, 573.
26) , , , , 23, 4,
2013.12. 103 .
-
- 19 -
. 36 3
.
.
36 3
. 36 3
. ,
,
, ,
, .
.
.
.
.
-
- 20 -
2
.
. ,
. 20
.
1.
1) 27) 28)
1945(the Universal Declaration
on Human Rights). 2
.29) 58 2 85
27) A/RES/217 (III)(http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/).
28) A/RES/2200 (XXI).
29) Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have
resulted in
barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind
2 .
. Now, therefore,
-
- 21 -
1948 12 10 58 48
.
30
1 2 , 3
21 , 22 26
27 30
.
24
, 25
.
1966 .
1976
.30) (International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, A)
(International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, B
) (Optional Protocol
to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, B
)
The General Assembly, Proclaims this Universal Declaration of
Human Rights as a common
standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the
end that every individual and
every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in
mind, shall strive by teaching
and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms
and by progressive
measures, national and international, to secure their universal
and effective recognition and
observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves
and among the peoples of
territories under their jurisdiction.
30) , , ,
, 3 1, 1998, 105 .
-
- 22 -
.31) A , B
. A 2 " ,
" , B 2
" "
.
.32)
A .
6
, 7 (b)
(d) , ,
, 9 , 10
, , 11
, 12
. 2003
14 A 12
.33)
31)
http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/005/03/IMG/NR000503.pdf?OpenElement.
32) .
, A , B
. ,
,
. ,
, , , 3 1, 1998,
120.
-
- 23 -
. ,
, , ,
.34)
2) (ILO)
(International Labour Organization, ILO) 1919
, , , ,
, ,
3
.
1944
.35)
3
,
33) , - -, 2006.8., 116 .
34) , ; , 32, 189
.
35) http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/P/09604/ ;
1946 29
. Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van
Daele,
The International Labour Organization and the quest for social
justice, 1919-2009,
International Labour Office Geneva, ILO , 2009, 251 1 .
-
- 24 -
, ,
.
189 , 202 5
102 130
.36)
1952 102 (Social
Security(Minimum Standards) Convention)
9
.37) 7
, 8
. 10
,
.
. (10)
(34) (49) .
102 (67)
(69) (72)
.38)
36) 1883 .
.
Gerhard A. Ritter, , , , 2005 .
37) (ILO) ,
(ILO) , 10, 347 .
38) 67
. 72
-
- 25 -
130(Medical Care and Sickness Benefits
Convention) 102 2
.39)
8
, 13 .
10 102 50
75
. 12
.
1927 24 25 130 .40)
1927 24 25
( 29 Sickness Insurance Recommendation)
. 29 1
(, apprenticeship)
. 1921 ( 17
Social Insurance (Agriculture) Recommendation), 1944 ( 67
Income Security Recommendation) ( 68 Social
Security (Armed Forces) Recommendation) ( 69 Medical
Care Recommendation) ( 72 Employment Service
Recommendation) 1952 ( 102 Social Security
(Minimum Standards) Convention,) .
39) (ILO) 130 ,
, 5 2, 1999, 147 .
40) () 24(Sickness Insurance (Industry) Convention, 1927)
() 25(Sickness Insurance (Agriculture) Convention, 1927)
.
-
- 26 -
, 3
, 7
. 12
1927 .
13
, 15
,
.
1944 ( 69, Medical Care
Recommendation)
. 69
. 2
. 5
8
46
. 20
, ,
. 1969 130
134 130
.41)
-
- 27 -
ILO
. ,
130 29
,
.
,
.
3) (IHR) (FCTC)
.42) 1
41) 1927 (
24 Sickness Insurance (Industry) Convention, 25 Sickness
Insurance (Agriculture)
Convention) ( 29 Sickness Insurance
Recommendation) 1944 ( 69, Medical Care
Recommendation) 1969 ( 130 Medical Care and
Sickness Benefits Convention) ( 134
Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Recommendation) . 24
25 130 .
42)
.
1830 1847 .
Unequal development in different countries in the promotion of
health and control of disease,
especially communicable disease, is a common danger.
.
-
- 28 -
.43)
(International Health Regulations, IHR)
(Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, FCTC)
.
(IHR) 1830 1847
.44)
. 1851
(International Sanitary Conference)
1892
(International Sanitary Convention) .
1951 WHO
(International Sanitary Regulations) , 1969
(IHR)" . 1980
IHR
2005 5 (IHR(2005)) .45)
43) Article 1 The objective of the World Health Organization
(hereinafter called the Organization)
shall be the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible
level of health. 1923
(League of Nations) 1909
1948 (World Health
Organization, WHO) .44) 1817 .
, 1823 . . 1826
1837 ,
. 1840 1860, 1863, 1879, 1881, 1896, 1899, 1923 8
. (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/).
45) INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATIONS (2005)
SECOND EDITION,
(http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241580410_eng.pdf);
8
, , ,
2006, 6 .
-
- 29 -
IHR(2005) 66 9 . 2
.46) 3 IHR ,
,
,
. 6
WHO .
5 13 1
. 5 1 ,
, , , 13 1
, ,
1 .
IHR(2005) .
,
.
(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom, SARS) NGO
46) Article 2(Purpose and scope) The purpose and scope of these
Regulations are to prevent,
protect against, control and provide a public health response to
the international spread of
disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to
public health risks, and which
avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and
trade.
-
- 30 -
. 9 1 WHO
, 10 1 WHO
9 1
NGO
.
WHO 1999 5
24 , 2003 5 21
(FCTC) .47) FCTC 38
3
.
4 , ,
, ,
FCTC 5
,
, , ,
. 6 , 8
9 10
. 11
, 12 13
.
47) , , , ,
, 3, 2003, 175 .
-
- 31 -
,
,
. FCTC
.48)
2.
1)
(1)
,
,
.49)
.50)
.
10
48) Article 30 No reservations may be made to this
Convention.
49) , , , 2014, 272.
50) , 10, , , 2010, 274.
-
- 32 -
.
,51) 10
,
10
.52)
10
.
,
, ,
.53) 11
, 12
. 34
, , ,
,
.
.
51) 2005. 5. 26. 99513 , 17-1, 668 .
52) 2009. 11. 26. 2007734, 21-2, 576 .
53) , 10, , , 2010, 294 .
-
- 33 -
(2)
. ,
.
.54)
.
.
.55)
, .
.
, 10
.
54)
. , , . , 265,
144, 359.
55) .
.
-
- 34 -
.
.
10
.
.
10 .
2)
(1)
11
.
,
.
11
.56)
-
- 35 -
.
.57)
.58)
(2)
.
.
.
.
,
.59)
.
.
,
,
.
56) , , , 2010, 197.
57) 2000.8.31. 9712, 12-2, 179 .
58) , , , 2014, 294.
59) 7 .
-
- 36 -
.
.
. ,
.
3)
(1)
10 34
34 1
10
.
.60)
34 1 , ,
,
60) , , , 2010, 529.
-
- 37 -
.
,
61)
,
.
34 1
. ,
.62)
34 1
.63)
.
61) , 10, , , 2010, 394 .
62)
.(2004.10.28. 2002328 98 1187 ; 2003.7.24. 2002
51, 15-2, 103 ; 1995.7.21. 9314 7-2, 1 ;
2002.12.18. 200252, 14-2, 904 )
.
. , , 460 .
63) , , , 1993,
89 .
-
- 38 -
, ,
(, Path dependency)
.64)
,
.
,
.65)
.
64) , - , 15 1, 2008, 176.
65) 2002.12.18. 200252, 14-2, 904 .
-
- 39 -
34 1
.
34 .
(2)
34 1
.
34
.
4)
(1)
,
.
.
-
- 40 -
. 32
.
,
.
.
, , ,
.66)
32 33 3
.
32
.
(2)
66) 2003.7.24. 200251, 15-2, 103 ; , , ,
2014, 427 .
-
- 41 -
. ,
.
32
.
5)
(1)
.
.
.67)
1980
1987
.68)
67) , ,
1991. 12 34 1 .
-
- 42 -
.
. 1986
2011
. .
.
37 2
.69)
(2)
35
. 35
68) , 35, , 385.
69)
() . 37 2
.
. , , , 2014, 476
.
-
- 43 -
.
.70)
.
6)
(1)
36
.
.
36 3 .
.71)
70) , , , 140 .
71) 36 3 .
. .
-
- 44 -
. .
72)
73) .
(2)
.
.
.
.
.
. .
36
3 .
72) , , , 2010, 574.
73) , 36, , 409.
-
- 45 -
.
,
.
.
.
.
3
1.
. .
.
.
1)
-
- 46 -
.
.
20
.74)
.
. , ,
.
,
.
.75)
2)
.
74)
.
, .
75) , ,
12 1, 272 .
-
- 47 -
,
. ,
, .
.
.76)
, ,
.77)
.
. ,
.
. ,
76) , , , 14, 2013, 172 .
77) .
2000.6.29, 99289, 12-1, 913.
-
- 48 -
.
3) ( )
. .
.
.
,
.
, .
,
,
.78) ,
,
.
78) , , , 2008, 34 .
-
- 49 -
79)
.
,
.
.
10 , 34 , 35
, 36 3
.
.
.
. ,
.80)
79) General Will . The General Will
.
. (common good)
,
.
, ,
. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The social contract, London
; New York, 1968, 69 .
-
- 50 -
.
.
81)
.82)
.
. ,
.83)
,
.
80)
()
,
() . .
1996. 10. 31. 947, 8-2, 408.
81) 2 2
.
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. () ()()() .
5. ()
.
82) 15 1 .
83)
. , , , 2003,
, 40 .
-
- 51 -
.
. 37 2
.
4)
.
.84)
,
.
,
.85)86)
84)
, , , 23, 4, 2013.12. 111 .
85)
-
- 52 -
. .
.
.87)
2.
1)
.
.
.
.
,
. Norman Daniels, Just Health, Cambridge University Press, 2012,
14 .
86) Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, or, The matter, forme and power of
a
commonwealth, ecclesiastical and civil, Middlesex, England,
1968.;Locke, John, Second
Treatise of Government : The Original Classic Edition, Tebbo,
2010.; Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
The social contract, London ; New York, 1968. , . , ,
. , , ; 173.
,
- -, 21 1, 2011.3., 159
.
87) , , , , 23, 4,
2013.12. 113 .
-
- 53 -
.
. ,
, ,
.
2)
.
. , 10
34 , 36
,
.88) ,
,
.89)
.
,
.90)
88) 2003.12.18, 20021, 15-2(), 457 . ,
, 34 4 1, 2006, 240 .
89) 2001.9.27. 2000342, 13-2, 422 .
90) 2000.6.29. 99289
, , ,
-
- 54 -
.
.91)
.92) , ,
, ,
.
. ,
,,,,
.
3)
.
.
.
. , , 11, , 2000, 179.
91)
.(2009 3,282 2012 6,596
3 2 , 296,415 366,744 23.7% .
2011 , 2012 ).
92) 2000.6.29. 99289 12-1, 913 .
-
- 55 -
,
.
10
.93)
. .
.
. ,
, .
4)
.
.
.
. ,
93) , 2010.3.23. 200995714.
-
- 56 -
,,,,
.
4
.
,
. .
.
.
.
,
.
.
. 10
34 35
36 3
. ,
. ,
.
-
- 57 -
.
-
- 58 -
3
1
1.
. .
.
.
,
.
. 5
. ,
, , ,
.
, ,
,, .
-
- 59 -
.
,
.
, ,
, .
.
, ,
, ,
,, ,
,,
, ,
,,,, 2016 7
.
.
,
.
.
-
- 60 -
.
.
.94)
.
. ,,,
.
.
.
,
.
94) . ,
, , 3 1, 2014 142 .
-
- 61 -
2.
34
, ,
.95)
.
.96)
3
. 3
.97)
.
95) , ,
, 2010.12.20, 16 .
96) , , 1 1 2012.10., 69 ;
.
97) 3
,
. , , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
,
.
-
- 62 -
.
.
.
.
. .
, 98)
, , , , , .99)
.
.
34 119 2
,
,
.
98) , , , 2011, 13 23 .
99) , (), , 1991, 478; , (), , 1990, 530
.
-
- 63 -
, ,
,
.100)
.101)
2
1.
1) (19631973)
.102)
1963
103) 1961 516
100) , , , 2014, 82 .
101) 5 .
,
.
102)
. , , , 52
3 2011 9, 381 .
103) Gerhard A. Ritter, (),
, , 2005, .
-
- 64 -
.104)
300
300
. 1963 12
,
.105)
1973 3
,
500
.
.106)
2) (19771987)
1976 12 1977 1 1
104) 1959
.
, - , , 2008, 70 .
105) 1976 1963
. , , ,
2000, 104 .
106) , , , 2014, 42 .
-
- 65 -
1977 7 1 500
. 1976 1 2
1 2 1
. 1976 ,
1977 12
. 1978 1,
1978 7 . 1978 8
.
3) (19881999)
1989
. 1994
.
1997 12 31 5488
.107)
107) , , , 2014, 92 .
-
- 66 -
. 5
,
2 . 1999
2 5
.108) 1999
2000 1 1 .
4) (2000)
,
,
1997
. 1998
1999
1 6 2001 1 1 .
( 5854, 1999.2.8, , 2000.1.1)
,
108) 5855, 1999 2 8.
-
- 67 -
, ,
. ,
,
.
,
.
.
. 1 80
.
2000 12( 6320) 5
.109)
109) ,
,
,
, 5
. 6618(2002.1.19,
-
- 68 -
2002 12( 6799)
. 2003 7( 6951)
.
2003 9( 6981)
.
2004 1( 7144)
.
.
2005 1( 7377)
, 7( 7590)
)
2001 12 31 2003 6 30
1 6 .
-
- 69 -
1
,
.
2006 10( 8034)
,
.110) 12( 8153)
2006 12 31
,
,
, .
2008 3( 9022)
.111)
110)
1
.
.
111) 14
,
-
- 70 -
2009 5( 9690) ,
.112)
2011 12( 11141) 2011 12
2016 12 ,
.113)
2013 5( 11787)
,
,
,
, .
,
.
112)
.
.
113) , , ,
.
,
.
-
- 71 -
2014 1( 12176)
. 5(12615)
, .
2. 114)
1)
(1) -
.
1
. (Medical Insurance)
(Health Insurance)
.115)
114) 12844 2014 11 11 .
115) , , , 2014, 338.
-
- 72 -
.
.116)
.
.
.
,
.117) ,
, .
.118)
(2)
.
.
,
.
, ,
116) ,
, , , 1993, 137 .
117) , , , 2014, 227 2. .
118) , ,
, , 1993, 156 .
-
- 73 -
, ,
,
.
2, ( 2
), , 1,
8
3
1,
1,
4 25 3 .
(3)
,
.
.
.
.
, ,
. 1
,
-
- 74 -
1
60 ,
,
60
.
,
3
3
.
.
(4)
,
,
, ,
, .
.
.
-
- 75 -
1, 14 1
16 5
.
1 , , 3
1
. 3,
2.
,
,
. ,
.
,
.
(5)
, ,
-
- 76 -
, () ,
, , , , ()
.
.
, ,
, ,
.
9 2
.119)
5
1 . 5
1,
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
, ( )
,
119) 9 2
(ex, ()()()()() ) , (ex, (), (), , , ), (ex, , , )
.
-
- 77 -
( ) .
( ) .
34
1 ( )
2
.120)
1.
1 5
31 ,
6 30
.
.
.121)
120) .
.
.
121) .
.
-
- 78 -
.
47
.
.122)
.123)
122)
.
123)
,
. ,
,
, 55
, () () .
,
. 1 ,
6
6
.
-
- 79 -
(6)
.
,
.
.
14 1
3 .
.
1, 5,
1
,
.
.
-
- 80 -
10
10 , 10
.
50 1
, .
2)
,
.
.
.
,
, ,
.
.
-
- 81 -
,
,
. , 3
.
.
4
(National Health
Service; NHS) (National Health Insurance; NHI) .
.
.
-
- 82 -
,
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 83 -
4
1
1.
.
. 5
,
.124)
.
1)
,
.
124) 2000. 6. 29. 99289, 12-1, 913; 2001. 8. 30. 2000
668, 13-2, 287; 2003. 10. 30. 2000801, 15-2, 106;
2013. 7. 25. 201051, 25-2, 40.
-
- 84 -
.125)
.
, 2
.
,
. ,
.
.
.
, ,
.126)
.127)
.128)
125)
, , 11, 1999, 210
.
126) , , 63 .
127) . 2000
. ,
. 2000. 6. 29. 99289, 12-1, 913.
128) .
, - -,
-
- 85 -
2)
,
.129)
.
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
.130)
, 10 2, 2009, 151 .
129) ,
( ),
( )
( )
()
. 2003. 10. 30. 2000801,
15-2, 106.
130)
, ,
-
- 86 -
.
.
.
.
.131)
.
.
,
.
.(
2003. 10. 30. 2000801, 15-2, 106).
131)
.
-
- 87 -
.
.132)
.
.
.
2.
.
.
.
132)
.
(5 ) 12,991,201 1,993,700
( 1,778,138, 215,562)
86.3%
. , ,
ISSUE PAPER, 2013,5. 6 .
-
- 88 -
.
.
,
.
.133)
.
.
.
20142018
4
,
.
.
,
133) OECD 9.5% 5.99%
. 1977
55%
.
.
,
. , ,
, , 2001, 41 .
-
- 89 -
.
.
.
.
.
.
.134)
.
,
.
,
134) , , , ,
, 2004, 5 .
-
- 90 -
.
.
.
.
119 2
.
,
.
.135)
.
135) ,
, 331 . 2006.1.5. 200516833
.
-
- 91 -
.
,
.
3.
.
.136)
.
,
.
,
136) 3 3%
35% 38% .
2009 104000 2013 12 8000 5.3%
2009 15 8000 2013 233000 10.2% .
,2016 (), 2015.10.
-
- 92 -
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1.
. ,
.
,
.
42
-
- 93 -
()
().
.
.
.
,
.
.
2.
1)
1963 39 1
. 2 8
-
- 94 -
.
.137) 1 1973 8
.
2 1973 12 29 2 1 1
4
( .) .
.
1999 2 7
, 32 1
, 4
.
2000 7
.
137) 40
. .
33 1
.
. 1979 4 3
32 1
. .
4
.
. 1981 4 4 32 1
. ,
.
-
- 95 -
42 .
2)
(1) 138)
, ,
.
.
.
,
138) 2002. 10. 31. 9976, 2000505(), 14-2, 410 .
-
- 96 -
.
,
,
.
,
,
.139)
,
,
,
.
,
.
(2)
.
139) , , -, , 2003. 151 .
-
- 97 -
,
15
11
,
10
.140)
.
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
,
140) 10 37
119 1 , 23 , 22
.
-
- 98 -
.141)
2
.
123
.
.
.
141)
,
.
.
-
- 99 -
142)
.
.
.
3)
.
.
,
142)
. , 41 3
. 2
.
.
-
- 100 -
.
.
.143)
,
.
2002 8.8%
2013
2002 .144)
.145)
143) C
, 2008
. 787 , C
78 4, 18, B
23, 55 . [2015 ] C
, 2015.12.18 .
144) 2013 84,971 200
3,470 4.32% . 2002
2, 22, 1.2 19,422
(2013
, , 2 ).
. ,
, , 2003.6., 69 14 .
145)
.
(, ,
, 2003, 994; , , , 2014, 798 ). ,
.
-
- 101 -
.
.
.
3.
1)
.
.
146)
147) .
.
146) 137
. 2015. 8. 28 .
147)
1 5 . 2013. 2. 14.
-
- 102 -
.
.
,65
.65
,
,
3 .
. .
,
. ,
.
.
. ,
.
2)
-
- 103 -
.
148) .
.
, , , , ,
.149)
.
3040%
.
.
, .
.150)
.
.
, .
148) 2013 2 .
149) , , KIHM , 2014 7 32 17 .
150) , , ,
, , ,
.
.
-
- 104 -
,
,
.
.
, .
,
.
4.
15
.
-
- 105 -
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
-
- 106 -
, . 10
10
.
.
.
.
.
3
1.
45
. 2000
.
5
-
- 107 -
.
, (
)
.151) 45
1.
,
5 31 .152)
.
.153)
151)
(fee-for-service)
(global budget),
(caes-payment) .
, ,
1 (salary)
1
(daily charge or per diem fee) .
, , , 2009, 324 .
152)
1 6 30 .
21 . [ 11141, 2011.12.31., ]
75
. [ 11787, 2013.5.22.,
]
5 31 .
-
- 108 -
1)
.
.
.
.
2)
.
153) 2001 () 4
2001 5 . 2001 6 27
1 1 ,
, 30% (
2001-32)
75, 95 37 2
. 2003. 12. 18 2001 543, 15-2, 581
.
-
- 109 -
,
. ,
.154)
,
.155)
2.
.156)
154) , ()
1977 2010 6 85(2000.7 45)
. 1977 2012.1 36 10 7,931(2012.1) . .
155)
,
. .
156) .
,
.
. 2012.1.18
? 2000 12,000 2009 11,930
, 6,600, 710
50
2000 8,400
-
- 110 -
.
1)
.
,
.
2008 157) 2008
.158)
.
.159)
2009 11,930, 2012 12,890 2012
6,850.75, 539,670 587,800
,
, , , ,
(
) 589(, 14.6), 653(
23.6) 563( 19.3). .
157) 2008 11
.
158) , , , 2011, 553 .
-
- 111 -
.
.
.
,
. ,
.
,
.
, .
2)
,
.
, , ,
.160)
159) . , , 8, , 1996 ;
, , ,
2013, 51 .
160) 21 2.
-
- 112 -
,
.
45 1 21 1
2
.161)
.
.
. 100 ,
.
.
,
.162)
.
161) 45 1
. 2003.1.15. 200125210 .
162) , , , 2013, 177
.
-
- 113 -
,
.
.
. 3
.
.
.
,
.
.
45 7
.
3.
.
-
- 114 -
.
.
,
.
.
.
4
. 10
. 41 3
,
.
9
-
- 115 -
.
.163)
.
.
1.
.
. .
.164)
.
163) 2008 3.9% 2014 5.0% .
, 2015
2 23 11 , 3
6770 187 5 .
164) , , 2 1, , 2001, 313.
-
- 116 -
.
.165)
.
,
,
.
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
, ,
. 41 3
, .
.
165) ,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 117 -
.
.
3
,166)
.
2.
1)
41 2
, 41
3 ,
166) ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
.
() () () 3
.3
,
3
(, , , 2004 145.).
. ,
3
.
-
- 118 -
.
8 , 9
2
.167)
.
19 3 41 2 3
.
.
.168) 10
8 9 1
.
.
167) .
168) . 1996 3,000
, 8,000
. , ,
2 1, 2001, 192 .
-
- 119 -
. ,
, , ,
,
,
.
2) ( )
,
.169)
,
.170)
169) 1999. 1. 26. 9714224 , 2001. 3. 23. 994204 ,
2005. 10. 28. 200313434 , 2007. 6. 15. 200610368 .
-
- 120 -
(1)
2006 12
200
. 2006 12 13 2006 12 28
2006 4 1 2006 9 30 6
,
193
(2008.3.28. 9022
) 85 1 2, 61 1
96 9 19 3 .
(2)
,
.
170) 2012. 6. 18. 201027639, 27646().
-
- 121 -
.
,
.
.
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
.
-
- 122 -
.
3)
57
. ,
.171)
.
171) ,
, , 2011.11.29.7;
, 40, 2012.10, 270.
-
- 123 -
.172)
.
.173)
.
(Comprehensive Service)
(National Minimum)
.174)
.
.
.
.
, .
172) , - 2004.6.1. 2003
20449 -, , 12 2, 2014, 14 .
173) , 40, 2012.10,
257 .
174) , , ISSUE PAPER, 2013,5. 1
.
-
- 124 -
.
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
.175)
3.
1)
41 3
9 2 5 .
175) , , , 2014, 263.
-
- 125 -
, ,
.
.
, ,
, , .
,
1
.
,
.
,
.
2)
. ,
.176)
.
2015 41
176) , 2006.5.15. 200638045 .
-
- 126 -
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
4.
-
- 127 -
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
2
. 13
. .
.
.
.
-
- 128 -
.
.
1.
1)
.
.
. 2
.
.
.
.
,
, ,
,
.177)
-
- 129 -
13
. 1
.
2)
40
.
.178)
.179)
.
.180)
.
177) , , , 2014, 347.
178) . ,
, , 2004, 34 ; , , 11,
1999 210 .
179) , , 2 1, , 2001, 288
180)
.
,
.
. , , 11, , 2000, 279
-
- 130 -
3)
.
.
.
.
,
. 1
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
14
.181) ,
181) 14 1 2 3
-
- 131 -
.
. ,
4
, ,
. .
. .
. ,
.
.
, 4 , 25
3 , 11
1 3 .
-
- 132 -
.
.
. ,
1
,
.
.
2.
1)
.
.
, 25
. , 8
.182)
6 8
182) , 2015 7 25 .
-
- 133 -
.
.
.
2)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
-
- 134 -
.
.
3.
1)
,
, .
62
.
.
.
, .
.183)
183) .
, , 2012 .
-
- 135 -
.184)
.
.
2)
.
.
. ,
.
184)
. , , , 2015, 944 .
-
- 136 -
,
(Moderator) .
.185)
. ,
.
, 63 1 3
,
,
.
.
,
185) , , , 2015, 493.
-
- 137 -
.
90% 10%
.186)
.187)
3)
.
(Quality)
.
.
186)
. , ,
, 2013.7.24 ; - , 2013.7.26.
.
187)
. ,
, 2014, 35; , , ,
2015, 946 .
-
- 138 -
.
. 63
.
.
.
.188)
.
188) , , 2015.5.18 ;
, 2015.5.11 .
-
- 139 -
4.
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 140 -
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
-
- 141 -
5
1
1.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
-
- 142 -
2.
,
.
.
.
.
. ,
.
,
.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
.
,
. ,
-
- 143 -
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1.
.
.
-
- 144 -
14 15
32
.
.
.
.
2.
34
35 36 3
. 34
.
.
34 35
, 36 3
.
36 3
. 36
3
-
- 145 -
.
.
36 3 34
.189)
67.5%
.190) ,
.
191), 192), 193) 194) .
.
56195)
189) , , , 2014, 453.
190) , ,
Eleanor D. Kinney.,
"Provisions for Health and Health Care in the Constitutions of
the Countries of the World",
Cornell Int'l Law. J., Vol 37, (2004), 289 .
191) 251. , . 2,
, , .
192) .
193) Art. 41 1 The Confederation and the Cantons shall, as a
complement to personal
responsibility. and private initiative, endeavour to ensure
that: a. everyone has access to
social security; b. everyone has access to the health care that
they require.
194) Art. 32 The Republic safeguards health as a fundamental
right of the individual and as a
collective interest, and guarantees free medical care to the
indigent. No one may be obliged
to undergo any health treatment except under the provisions of
the law. The law may not
under any circumstances violate the limits imposed by respect
for the human person.
195) ARTICLE 56. Everyone has the right to live in a healthy,
balanced environment. It is the
duty of the state and citizens to improve the natural
environment, and to prevent
environmental pollution. To ensure that everyone leads their
lives in conditions of physical
-
- 146 -
. 41196)
,
.
, 196197198
.197)
3.
and mental health and to secure cooperation in terms of human
and material resources
through economy and increased productivity, the state shall
regulate central planning and
functioning of the health services. The state shall fulfil this
task by utilizing and supervising
the health and social assistance institutions, in both the
public and private sectors. In order
to establish widespread health services general health insurance
may be introduced by law.
196) Article 41 1. Everyone shall have the right to health
protection and medical aid. Medical
aid in state and municipal health establishments shall be
rendered to individuals gratis, at the
expense of the corresponding budget, insurance contributions,
and other proceeds. 2. In the
Russian Federation federal programmes of protecting and
strengthening the health of the
population shall be financed by the State; measures shall be
adopted to develop state,
municipal and private health services; activities shall be
promoted which facilitate the
strengthening of health, the development of physical culture and
sport, ecological and
sanitary-epidemiological well-being.3. The concealment by
officials of the facts and
circumstances posing a threat to the life and health of people
shall entail responsibility
according to the federal law.
197) Eleanor D. Kinney., "Provisions for Health and Health Care
in the Constitutions of the
Countries of the World", Cornell Int'l Law. J., Vol 37, (2004),
310 .
-
- 147 -
.
.
, 36 3
34
. 36 3
.
. .
34 .
.
,
.
.
,
. ,
. 23
50%
.198)
-
- 148 -
.
,
.
.199)
.
.
.
3
.
198) 1 2
. 2 15.2%, 1 36.0% .
, , ,
, 2005, 33 .
199) , ?, , 2006 ;
, , FORUM 14, 2004, 151 ; ,
- , ,
2013, 54 .
-
- 149 -
.
1.
.
.
.
.
,
.
. ,
.
-
- 150 -
2.
.
.
,
.
,
.
3.
.
.
.
.
-
- 151 -
.
.
4
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
, ,
.
.
-
- 152 -
.
.
() .
.
.
. ,
,
,
.
-
- 153 -
1.
- -
, , , , 2012.
, , , 2003.
, , , 2003.
______, , , 1990.
, (), , 1990.
4, , , 2004.
, , , 2004.
, ,
11, , 2000.
, ,
, 1995.
, , , 2009.
, , , 2003.
, , , 2011.
, , , 2000.
, (), , 1988.
, (), , 1991.
, ,
-
- 154 -
, 1999.
, , , 2002.
______, ?, , 2006.
,
- , , 2008.
, , , 2007.
(), , , 2008.
, ,
, , 2005.
, , , 2006.
______, , , 2004.
, , , 2003 .
, , , 2014.
______, , , 2014.
______, , , 2013.
, , , 2004.
, , , 2010.
, ,
, 2013.
, , 2003.
, , , 2010.
, , , 2007.
, , , 2004, 504.
, , , 2000.
, , , 2001.
-
- 155 -
, , , 2010.
, , 2000.
- -
, ,
, 2002.
, -
-, , 10 2, 2009.
, -
- 3 1, 2014.
, , , 9,
, 1998.
, ,
11, , 2000.
, ,
, 1995.
, ,
, 2013.
, , ,
, 23, 4, 2013.12.
, , 2 1, 2001.
, , 8
, , 1996.
, ,
-
- 156 -
, , 36, 2012.
, ,
3 1, 2014.
, ,
3, 2003.
4, , , 2002.
, -
2004.6.1. 200320449 -, ,
12 2, 2014.
, , 2 1, , 2013.
, 10, , , 2010.
8,
, , 2006.
, , , , 45, 1895.
,
:45 ,
2015-25(1).
, ; ,
(32), 2011.6.
, ,
40, 2013.
, ,
, 2010.12.20.
, -
, , 2013.
-
- 157 -
, , ,
2003.6.
, ,
, , 2005.
, , ISSUE
PAPER, 2013,5.
, , , 2008.6. 23.
______, - -,
21 1, 2011.3.
, , 1991. 12 34.
, , FORUM 14, 2004.
, , 1 1 2012.10.
, , , 52 3 2011.
, 11, , , 2010.
. 1, , , 2010.
______, , , , 2010.
, , , 2004.
, -
-, 3 2, 2014.
,
, , , 1993.
______, ,
5 2, 1999.
______, , , ,
1993.
-
- 158 -
______, : , 38 3
, , 2010.
______, 119, , , 2013.
______, , , 34 4 1, 2006.
______, , , 14, 2013.
______, -
-, 1 1, 2012.10.
______, , 11, 1999.
______, - , 151
, 2008.
______,
, , , 1993.
______, , 1 1,
2012. 10.
______, , 2 1, , 2001.
______, , 1993.
, , 12
1, 2011.
, , 8, 2010.
, 35, , , 2010.
______, 36, , , 2010.
,
, , 22 2, 2014.
, , 13
1, 2012.
-
- 159 -
______, ,
40, , 2012.10.
,
, 2 2, 2013.
, , , 2
4, 2003.
, -
-, 2 2, 2013.
, 1789 , ,
4, 2001.
( ), ,
1, 2012.
,
-,
, 2003.
, , ,
, 2001.
, , ,
, 3 1, 1998.
- -
2003.1.15. 200125210
2006.1.5. 200516833
2009.10.29. 2008 9522, 14807()
-
- 160 -
2010.11.11. 200938238
1999. 1. 26. 9714224
2001. 3. 23. 994204
2005. 10. 28. 200313434
2007. 6. 15. 200610368
2012.6.18. 201027639, 27646(), 2012
1994.6.30. 929
1995.7.21. 9314 7-2
1996.10.31. 947, 8-2.
2000.4.27. 9816
2000.6.29, 99289, 12-1
2000.8.31. 9712, 12-2
2001.8.30. 2000668, 13-2
2001.9.27. 2000342, 13-2
2002.10.31. 9976, 2000505(), 14-2
2002.12.18. 200252, 14-2
2003.7.24. 200251, 15-2
2003.10.30. 2000801, 15-2
2002.10.31. 9976, 2000505()
2003.12.18 2001 543, 15-2
2003.12.18, 20021, 15-2(),
2004.10.28. 9991
2004.10.28. 2002328 98
2005.5.26. 99513 , 17-1
2009.11.26. 2007734, 21-2
-
- 161 -
2012.11.29. 2011224
2013. 7. 25. 201051, 25-2
2014.6.26. 2012 459, 16-1
2015.4.30. 2013435, 27-1
- -
, , 2011
, (),
, 2008, ()
, OECD , 2003
. , 2000
, 2013 , 2013
, , 2012
, , 2014
, 2011 , 2012
, , 1980
, , 2000.
,
, 2013.12.
, ,
, 2006.8.
2012.1.18 ?
2013.7.24 ,
-
- 162 -
2013.7.26 -
2013.11.7
2015.5.11
2015.5.18 ,
2015.7.25 ,(
(http://www.etymonline.com)
(http://www.who.int)
(http://dic.daum.net)
(http://www.bl.uk)
(http://www.un.org)
(http://www.ilo.org)
(http://www.nps.or.kr)
(http://world.moleg.go.kr)
2.
- -
AMA, Health System Reform Legislative Summary Chart of Major
Provisions, 2009. 12.
Furrow, B. R., et al., Health Law 2nd ed, St. Paul : west
Publishing
Co., 2000
Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele,
The
International Labour Organization and the quest for social
justice,
1919-2009, International Labour Office Geneva, ILO , 2009.
-
- 163 -
Ishay, M., The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to
the
Globalization Era, Berkley: University of California Press,
2004.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The social contract, London : New York,
1968.
Lawrence O. Gostin, Public Health Law, Berkeley and Los Angeles
:
Univ. of California Press, 2000.
Lawrence O. Gostin, Global Health Law, Harvard University
Press,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England, 2004.
Locke, John, Second Treatise of Government : The Original
Classic
Edition, Tebbo, 2010.
Molla Donaldson, Karl Yordy, Neal Vanselow, Defining Primary
Care: An
Interim Report, IOM, National Adademy Press, Washington,
1994.
Morrisey, M., Health Insurance, AUPHA, HAP. 2007.
Norman Daniels, Just Health, Cambridge University Press,
2012.
Sein, T., Health Sector Reform-Issues and Opportunities,
Regional Health
Forum, WHO South-East Region, 2001.
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, or, The matter, forme and power of
a
commonwealth, ecclesiastical and civil, Middlesex, England,
1968.
WHO, International Health Regulations(IHR, SECOND EDITION),
2005.
- -
Blendon RJ, Benson JM, Hero JO. Public trust in
physiciansU.S.
medicine in international perspective. N Engl J Med.
2014;371(17).
Brown, Lawrence, The Elements of Surprise: How Health Reform
Happened, Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law.
2011;36(3).
-
- 164 -
Eleanor D. Kinney et al., "Provisions for Health and Health Care
in the
Constitutions of the Countries of the World", Cornell Int'l
Law.
J., Vol 37, (2004).
Gustav Adolf Salander, Vom Werden der Menschenrechte. Ein
Beitrag
zur modernen Ver- fassungsgeschichte unter Zugrundelegung
der
virginischen Erklrung der Rechte vom 12. Juni 1776, 1926,
S.54.
Hullegie and Klein, The effect of private health insurance on
medical
care utilization and selfassessed halth in Germany, IZA DP
No.5004, 2010.
Koplan JP, Bond TC, Merson MH, Reddy KS, Rodriguez MH,
Sewankambo NK, et al. Towards a common definition of global
health. Lancet. 2009;373(9679).
Lawrence O, Gostin et al., Health Care Reform in Transition:
Incremental
Insurance Reform Without an Individual Mandate, JAMA
2010;303(12).
Oliver A, Mossialos E. Equity of access to healthcare: outlining
the
foundations for action. J Epidemiol Community Health.
2004;58(8).
Pascoe EA, Richman LS. Perceived discrimination and health:
a
meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(4).
Pawlson LG, O'Kane ME. Professionalism, regulation, and the
market:
impact on accountability for quality of care. Health Aff
(Millwood) 2002;21.
-
- 165 -
Abstract
Challenges and Improvement measures of National
Health Insurance Act for realization of the Right to Health
- through Constitutional Issues-
Health is a precondition to maintain community and its
homogeneity by
allowing individuals to share their social and cultural values.
Our
constitution recognizes health as a national matter and provides
protection
indirectly based on the human dignity and the right to happiness
under
Article 10, the environmental right under the first clause of
Article 35 of
the Constitution, and directly based on the right to have basic
standard of
human life under Article 34 and the right to health under
Article 36 of the
Constitution. This task of the Constitution becomes materialized
through
the National Health Insurance Act.
Health care benefits provided by the National Health Insurance
Act
should be appropriate to solve health care challenges and its
decision
process should be reasonable. In addition, the foundation to
guarantee
health rights of citizens should be established by making the
system where
people can choose health care services rationally including the
uncovered
services, which are beyond the scope of the health insurance.
Therefore,
the management group operating the health insurance needs to
suggest
plans that can organize and operate the health insurance
realizing the
-
- 166 -
health rights of citizens and can solve challenges including the
ones caused
by the uncovered services. In this respect, the current National
Health
Insurance Act should solve the challenges mentioned below.
First, the benefit package that is covered by the National
Health
Insurance Act cannot directly solve the health risk of citizens.
Burden
caused by the uncovered services is highly likely to cause
giving up of
health or the economic plight. However, the area of the
uncovered services
is not only the area of the health insurance system but the area
where the
contracts between the health care facilities and individuals
occur, which
blocks the direct intervention by the country. Therefore, the
coverage
should be extended by switching the uncovered area to the
covered area
and this can be achieved by extending the range of the benefit
package.
At the same time, in case of the uncovered services, providing
information
on cost and effect that enable rational cost decision between
patients and
health care providers will guarantee citizens right of choice
for health care
services and the detailed administrative enactment is required
such as
minimizing the liberty infringement of health care professional
performing.
Second, the National Health Insurance Act lacks the legitimacy
of formal
and procedural requirements in the cost decision process of
health care
services. In terms of formality, the organization of the Health
Insurance
Policy Committee which decides the cost of health insurance
benefits is not
structured in a way that can obtain trust from health care
professionals,
the health care providers. The current human resource of the
committee is
structured in a way to represent the voice of the insurers
easily and this
drops not only the trust towards the committee and but also
the
-
- 167 -
acceptability of the decision among the health care
professionals. Therefore,
it is required to have the proper human resources that can
equally speak
for interests of both insurers and providers. In terms of the
procedure, the
Minister of Health and Welfare makes a decision through a
public
announcement unless the contract for the benefit package is made
between
the insurers and the providers. However, it needs further
consideration on
whether there are any alternatives other than just confirming
the cost, one
of the important elements of the contract, by the Minister
without
settlement out of court. For example, when there is no
settlement out of
court, it may be possible to apply the current cost to the
following year
and make revision when the consensus becomes available
through
continuous publicity.
Third, the cost should be used efficiently in order to maintain
the
substantiality of the health insurance system and the rational
operating
system should be prepared so that the misuse and abuse can
be
minimized. In Korea, an independent institution, the Health
Insurance
Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), not the insurer, performs
review
and assessment of appropriateness of handling the premium.
Therefore,
HIRA should secure the position that can review and assess
the
appropriateness of the health care cost based on the scientific
and
objective evidence with the structure independently of the
insurer.
However, according to the current National Health Insurance Act,
HIRA
has its structure difficult to perform review and assessment
independently.
Therefore, the legislation should be improved so that it can
secure its
normative independence.
-
- 168 -
The nation should put its effort to make citizens lead a life
worthy of
human dignity by actively solving their health problems. Though
it may be
impossible to realize the goal in reality, it is the countrys
mission to put
its maximum effort. But one of its important role is to induce
the
agreement from the community by actively and rationally
providing
explanation on the limitation of fundamental rights and duties
of individuals
that are caused by the countrys role performance. As for the
limitation of
fundamental rights, if possible, additional efforts to mitigate
the limitation
range are required. The country can remain as what it really is
when it
actively protects its citizens from danger. This is the reason
why the
nation should protect its citizens health more actively.
Key words: Health rights, National Health Insurance Act, Health
care
benefits, Uncovered services, Right of Acceptability, Right
of Accessibility to Health Care, Right of Choice, Social
Fundamental rights