Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business NATIONAL MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS PLAN FOR DROUGHT PREPARED BY DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (DMA) 16 DECEMBER, 2015
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Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business Disaster Risk Reduction is Everybody’s Business
NATIONAL MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS PLAN FOR DROUGHT
PREPARED BY
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
(DMA)
16 DECEMBER, 2015
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
2.3.3 Health and Nutrition ............................................................................................................... 12
3.0 The Response Plan ................................................................................................................................ 12
3. 1 Drought Response and Mitigation Scenario ............................................................................. 12
3. 2 General objective of the Response Plan .................................................................................. 14
3. 3 Specific objectives ........................................................................................................................ 14
4.0 Health and Nutrition Sector ......................................................................................................... 15
4.1 Overall Objective: Health & Nutrition .......................................................................................... 15
4.2 Specific Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 15
6.3 Targets and Projections ................................................................................................................ 30
7.0 Logistics Sector-Cross Cutting in all Sectors ........................................................................... 34
7.1 Costed Logistics Sector Plan .............................................................................................................. 35
8.0 Information Sector ............................................................................................................................. 38
Source: Forecast graphics derived from forecast issued by SARCOF
Region 2
Region 1
Region 2
Region 1
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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2.0 The Country Situation Analysis
2.1 Drought Situation
Lesotho is experiencing one of its worst drought conditions in history which has led to an
estimated 267,427 people, 15 percent of the total population already experiencing acute
shortages of water according to the Water Commission. This figure comprises an estimated 276
communities or villages.
The dry conditions also led to 21 percent decrease in cereal production as compared to 2013/14
agricultural season. From February to March, 2015, the country experienced prolonged dry
spells which were characterized by low rainfall and high temperatures causing large scale
damage to growing crops. The total national cereal production (maize, sorghum, and wheat)
was projected at 89,000 tons to feed population that need about 350,948 tons.
A significant proportion of the rural population in the country, particularly, small scale farmers
and households whose livelihoods are agricultural based are most affected and already
experiencing shocks as a direct result of decreased production and rising prices further
increasing the risk of food insecurity and malnutrition. These vulnerable groups are expected to
experience transitory food insecurity during the period August 2015 until the next harvest in
May/June 2017.
The drought is most accentuated in the lowlands and foothills, where the main cereal production
areas are located. The general trend also reveals an erosion of faming capacity observed in
declining planted area over the past few years, mainly due to uncertainties of agro-climatic
conditions including El Nino event, shortage of farm labour and lack of cash-flow for inputs and
investment.
2.2 Vulnerability Situation
According to the Lesotho Vulnerability Assessment Committee (LVAC) report of July 2015 as in
Figure 3, it is estimated that between 180,000 and 463, 936 people (subject to update) out of
population of 1,8 million will require immediate humanitarian assistance, therefore the current El
Nino crisis will affect one quarter (25%) of the population. Given this scenario many households
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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have already exhausted their coping mechanisms. It is estimated that the country would have to
provide M122, 194,574 to fully address the food security needs of the affected people2.
Figure 3: 2005/2006 – 2015/2016 LVAC estimates on the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance
This situation of successive crop failure, poverty and hunger is aggravated by the impact HIV/AIDS.
Those living with HIV/AIDS, are around 360,000 people and are expected to suffer most from food
shortage, malnutrition and potential increase in mortality.
2.3 Hazards
2.3.1 Animal disease
Anthrax is the main hazard facing the agriculture and food security sector as it keeps cropping up in new
areas. This is a clear indication that the disease is spreading.
2.3.2 Drought
River flows are very low while other rivers have dried up. There is currently widespread water shortage
throughout the country. Lowland districts with 276 communities/villages and an estimated 267,427 people
experiencing severe water shortages as water sources in their areas have dried up. Water restrictions
have been imposed and this has triggered conflict between communities for scarce water sources. Public
2 The breakdown of the total cost is attached.
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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areas with high population densities such as hospitals, schools and government institutions that provide
essential services are also highly affected by water shortage.
2.3.3 Health and Nutrition
Even though there is limited information on health and nutrition it is expected that malnutrition and water
borne illnesses will increase. The AJR (Annual Joint Review) 2014/2015 estimates that diarrhoea cases
to account for 18% of admissions in children 12 years and below, whilst malnutrition accounts for 11% of
admissions in the same age group. About 90% of children under the age of five are vulnerable to
diarrhoea, pneumonia and diarrhoea.
The expected diseases include water borne diseases, cholera and dysentery. People living with HIV and
AIDS are also at high risk of these illnesses, inadequate food supply and negative coping strategies.
3.0 The Response Plan
Based on the prevailing situation and the predicted weather outlook, the stakeholders recommended that
a state of emergency be declared in order to mount a timely and effective response to the drought. The
following scenario for addressing the drought impacts was developed:
3. 1 Drought Response and Mitigation Scenario
CRITERIA SCENARIO
Type of Hazards Drought
Likelihood Certain, ongoing based on the situation on the ground: Meteorology Forecasting Report of October – December 2015 – January – March 2016.
Impact • General increase in the price of staple (maize) • Disease outbreak • Shortage of water • Shortage of Food • Malnutrition • Poor rangelands • High animal mortality.
Location and geographic area Countrywide. However, the hotspots include mostly Southern lowlands & Senqu River Valley.
Number and percentage of affected population
Dead Not applicable.
Wounded Not Applicable.
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Sickness Malnutrition:
Water borne diseases such as:
diarrhoea and gastroenteritis:
Dysentery:
Affected Farmers, the Very Poor and Poor people and livestock.
children under the age 5years (6-59months)
Impact on means of subsistence and specific sectors
Agriculture Delay in start for cultivation
Decrease in agricultural income
Poor rangelands
Livestock death
Shortage of water for human and animal consumption.
Infrastructure Damage to water infrastructure
Duration of the Pre-emergency phase 3 months
Triggers
Predicted worsening El-nino conditions for the next 3 months.
Drying of water sources (rivers, dams, springs)
Deteriorating rangelands.
Increasing prices of staple foods.
Government’s prior experience/exposure to natural disasters at the national and local levels
-Previously drought in 1995/1996, 2001/2002, 2003/2004, 2007.
-Snow
-Strong winds (yearly)
Capacities
National At the central level, DMA coordinates in:
- Determining mitigation and preparedness needs.
- Acquisition of goods and services.
- Implementation of programmes.
- Early Warning System
District DDMT in collaboration with MOSD facilitates targeting of beneficiaries and coordinates activities of humanitarian organizations in the district in implementing mitigation and preparedness programs.
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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3. 2 General objective of the Response Plan
The overall objective of the National Response plan is to mount a timely, consistent, effective
and coordinated response to save lives, property and livelihoods for the affected communities.
3. 3 Specific objectives
1 To ensure that affect people are provided with water.
2 To develop national capacity at all levels to mitigate the anticipated El-Nino effects.
3 To ensure that surveillance and monitoring systems for key emergency indicators are in
place
4 To ensure adequate planning to allow for service delivery in key sectors to minimise the
impact of the emergency.
Response strategies to be engaged will be divided into three sectors, namely, Water and
Sanitation, Agriculture and Food Security, Health and Nutrition and Logistics.
Village -There are Community structures at local level consisting VDMTs, Community councils and Chiefs.
-VDMTs observe and facilitate needs assessments, targeting guide and implementation of mitigation and preparedness programmes.
Other organizations with the capacity to respond
Government Ministries & Departments, UN Agencies, Private Sector Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other humanitarian agencies
Probable major constraints to the emergency response
General Inadequate Resources (Funds, Human, equipment).
Inadequate information on the situation.
Specific to the affected areas
Beneficiary selection
Lack of resources, low purchasing power, change of mindset of affected people
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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to Jun 16
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
DOM, DLS Bale 500 90 45 000 45 000 0
2.2 Support to Auction sales
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
animals 3000
Livestock statistics collection
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
DOM DSA person days 120 767 92 000 92 000 0
Buyers consultations
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
DOM, DOL DSA person days 120 767 92 000 92 000 0
Procurement of equipment and consumable (Movable scales and fuel)
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
DOM sets 2 35 000 70 000 70 000 0
Action sales (subsistence local)
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
DLS DSA person days 80 767 61 333 61 333 0
2.2
Establishment of Fire management teams -30 constituencies
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
Identify fire mgt teams – subsistence allowance
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
MOFLR, Police, Chief, councillors
DSA person days 92 000 92 000 0
Procurement of equipment and protective clothing-4500 items
Jan – Mar 2016
MOFLR 3 200 000 3 200 000 0
Protection of wetland
Wetland inspection (subsistence allowance, ) On going
MOFLR DSA person days 36 767 27 600 27 600 0
Equine hire Jan-May 2016
MOFLR, Police, Chief, councillors
horses 36 200 7 200 7 200
Reallocation of cattle posts from wetlands lunch allowance 600 150 90 000 90 000 0
Awareness creation
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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Farmers, districts, public, herdboys, chief and associations, livestock owners, printing of IEC materials (crops, livestock), radio slots -Promotion of alternative livelihoods (rearing of short cycled species)
Dec 2015-May 2016
MAFs, DOM, MOFLR, DMA, POLICE
DSA for campaigns, Printing, Radio time
1 600 000 200 000 200 000
Monitoring and Evaluation
May-Jun 2016
Evaluation including compilation of Lesson learnt
Jan-May 2016
400 000 0 400 000
Supervision, dissemination of report 200 000 100 000 100 000
Medication
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Moth Traps
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Unit package 100 500 50 000 50 000 0
Pheromone Septa
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
1L 100 1 000 100 000 100 000 0
Protective clothing
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Unit package 100 800 80 000 80 000 0
Spraying equipment
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Unit package 100 900 90 000 90 000 0
Decomposing equipment
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
1 285 719 285 719 285 719 0
Musks (Respiratory)
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Unit package 15 900 13 500 13 500 0
Rubber gloves
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Box 10 50 500 500 0
Drugs & vaccines[1]
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
vaccine packages
Estimate for 70% animal population
27 460 400
27 460 400 27 460 400 0
Fridges
Jan – Mar 2016
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Unit package 20 11 000 220 000 220 000 0
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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Cooler Boxes MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Unit package 24 1 000 24 000 24 000 0
Subsidy on feed and fodder Subsidy value 1 3 000 000 3 000 000 3 000 000 0
Conservation agriculture
April- Mar 17.
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Provision of agricultural livelihood support (drought resistant seeds for both veg. and cereals) to vulnerable household Affected by Drought.
Nov 2015 to Jun 16
MAFS, FAO,NGOs,
Package per HH 1 000 2 000 000 2 000 000 0
TOTAL
206 981 573 156 389 173 50 592 400
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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6.0 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
The Water Sector is guided by Lesotho Water and Sanitation Policy of 2007 (Policy) which
provides for management of water resources as well as water supply and sanitation services.
Under specific events such as the prevailing drought situation, the Policy is supported by the
Drought Management Strategy to address mitigation of drought impacts. The policy is further
supported by the Water of 2008Act.
Without any effective rainfall and immediate mitigation measures the severity of the current
drought will be temporally and spatially magnified. This will result in negative impacts on Water
and Sanitation services. The Ministry of Water is responsible for allocation of water through the
Department of Water Affairs (DWA) for various water uses (e.g. agriculture, industry, etc.). The
Ministry also provides water supply and sanitation services in the urban and rural areas through
Water And Sewerage Company (WASCO) and Department of Rural Water Supply (DRWS)
respectively.
6.1 Objectives
The main objectives of the Water and Sanitation programme is to increase access to safe
drinking water and sanitation facilities, as well as equipping the communities with good hygiene
practices.
These objectives will be achieved by carrying out the following activities which will be done in
the short term, medium term and long term.
6.2 Strategies
1. Conduct a needs assessment in affected areas.
2. Repair or rehabilitate damaged water supply systems where water is still available.
3. Procurement of a new drilling rig and accessories (payment outstanding but all the
accessories are built)
4. Provide temporarily the required material, equipment, consumable (such as fuel,
lubricants, spare parts, pumps, generators etc).
5. Procurement of tankers/trucks (15 Tankers with a unit price of M1,200 000)
6. Drilling of boreholes (boreholes throughout the country with the unit price estimated at
R70 000 per borehole with casings included) drilling contractors engaged due to
frequent departmental breakdowns of the drilling rig and accessories
7. Hiring of water tankers x 10 for ten districts. Each tanker to cover 5000 km at the rate of
M10.00 per Kilometer.
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8. Procurement of water harvesting tank (400 communities affected by average 5 per
community= 2,000 tanks with a unit price of M15 000 per tank (10 000L tank) including
the base structure constructed).
9. Procurement of drinking Water storage receptacles for vulnerable household.
10. Strengthen Water Quality Surveillance in affected (Bacteriological analysis and sanitary
inspections).
11. IEC materials.
12. Procure Field Water Testing Kits.
13. Storage tanks for essential services
6.3 Targets and Projections
Under normal situation, all water needs for various uses have to be met. However with the
prevailing drought situation, prioritisation and curtailments on uses have to be employed. This
therefore implies that some of the water uses will take precedence over others. This is in line
with Water Act 2008 which provides that in drought situations domestic use takes precedence.
The other uses such as Health facilities, Correctional Services, Schools, Agriculture, Churches,
Hospitality centres, Tourism, CBD areas, Energy are then considered for prioritisation according
to their importance. Please refer to table 2 below.
6.4 Implementation and Coordination Mechanisms
The implementation of this assignment at district level will be overseen by the local structures
with District Administrator (DA) being the coordinator. Table 1 below shows the implementing
agencies and their roles.
Table 2: Implementing agencies and their roles
Implementing Body Role
DA Overall coordinator
District Disaster Management Team (DDMT) Coordinators
WASCO Urban water and sanitation service provider
DRWS Rural water and sanitation service provider
Local Authority (District Council) Interface with communities
DMA Procurement (according to DMA act/rules and
regulations)
Monitoring and evaluation of the intervention will be done by the multi-sectoral committee under
the auspices of DMA. The committee will work hand in hand with the agencies shown in the
table below for smooth execution of the exercise.
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Table 3: Monitoring and evaluation under the sector
Agency Role
Local Authority (District Council) Interface with communities
DRWS Compliance with the action plan
WASCo Compliance with the action plan
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Costed Water and Sanitation Plan for Drought Mitigation and Preparedness
Code Activity timeframe Key stakeholders
Unit of measure
Quantity Unit cost (Maloti)
Amount required (Maloti)
Amount required Short-term (Maloti)
Amount required Medium-Term (Maloti
OUTCOME Communities utilize improved water and sanitation facilities
OUTPUT 1: Increased access to drinking water and sanitation facilities
Conduct water assessment and monitoring, i.e. ground water, borehole, etc.Strengthen Water Quality Surveillance in affected (Bacteriological analysis and sanitary inspections)
DSA person days
2760 250 690 000 690 000 0
1.2 Repair or rehabilitate broken water supply systems where water is still available
Water system
25 72 000 1 800 000 1 800 000 0
1.3
Provide temporarily the required material, equipment, consumable( such as fuel, lubricants, spare parts, pumps, generators etc)
Equipment 327 50 000 16 350 000 16 350 000 0
1.4 Installation of new systems of water supply to increase coverage
Water system
327 100 000 32 700 000 32 700 000
1.5 Setting up toilets in location prone to open defecation.
Develop transporter database (M100,000 for hardware and software) Database 1 100 000 100 000 100 000 0
Engagement of transporters. Transporters 0 0 0
Services level agreement (SLA) between transporters and warehouse management. SLA 0 0 0
Facilitate transporters payments
Payments Request Voucher 0 0 0
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Mapping of distribution points (Subsistence allowance for 4 days @ M150/person * 5 persons/district)
Final distribution Points 10 3 000 30 000 30 000 0
Facilitate resuscitation of targeting structures and development of targeting database (Through use of the Last Mile Mobile Solution (LMMS)). (Meals and drinks for 20 people for 2 days @ M150/person) Database 1 6 000 6 000 6 000 0
Facilitate formulation of the targeting criteria (Meals and drinks for 5 people for 2 days M120.00/person) Meeting 2 1 200 2 400 2 400 0
Manage distribution of humanitarian assistance to the targeted beneficiaries through use of LMMS.(Beneficiary list, ration cards, LMMS cards etc)
Distribution package 0 0 0
Procurement of warehouse materials (Pallets, waybill books, stack cards, ledgers, empty bags nose bags, etc)for districts
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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Engagement of private transport hire (equine, trucks, 4*4, aircrafts, tankers etc)
Private Vehicles
50,000,000 25,000,000 25,000,000
TOTAL 53,468,400 28,468,400 25,000,000
LESOTHO NATIONAL RESPONSE PLAN TO EL NINO 2015 TO 2016
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8.0 Information Sector
The Disaster Management Authority (DMA) has established a drought communications working
group that will help to effectively coordinate, communicate, write and disseminate information on
the prevailing situation. The working group will be guided by the Drought Response
Communications Plan on how to manage the flow of information, package and communicate
drought-related activities.
The plan will guide external and internal communications to enable sharing of information on
activities, successes, challenges and lessons learnt. It will also help increase visibility and
strategic external communication in order to build a shared identity and reputation. The plan will
identify and define roles of focal persons and communications group members involved in the
implementation of both the National Response Plan and the Drought Response
Communications Plan. These actors will support the shaping of communication activities as the
drought evolves.
8.1 Objectives
1. Promote awareness raising activities that inform the public on interventions and how
they can cope with the drought.
2. To ensure all communication and information efforts are well coordinated.
3. To promote coherence in the flow of information in order to achieve a common
operational picture
8.2 Target Audiences
The plan speaks to all members of the public and these can be categorized as all sectors of the economy, the government, schools, traditional leaders, hospitals, the donor community and tertiary institutions. Depending on matters arising with the evolvement of the drought, advocacy and promotional messages will be framed differently in Sesotho and English and graphically (inforgraphics) to reach various audiences
8.3 Sectors targeted for interventions and awareness raising
Water and Sanitation
Health and Nutrition
Agriculture and Food Security
Social Protection
Logistics
Meteorological Services
Livestock (Veterinary Services)
Forestry
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8.4 Costed Information Sector Plan for Drought Mitigation and Preparedness