DISASTER MANAGEMENT (NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20) A MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE BY NATIONAL SECURITY DIVISION PRIME MINISTER DEPARTMENT MAJOR MOHD SAKRI BIN HJ HUSSIN.

DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT(NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20)(NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20)A MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVEA MALAYSIAN PERSPECTIVE

BYBYNATIONAL SECURITY DIVISIONNATIONAL SECURITY DIVISIONPRIME MINISTER DEPARTMENTPRIME MINISTER DEPARTMENT

MAJOR MOHD SAKRI BIN HJ HUSSIN

POLICY AND MECHANISM IN POLICY AND MECHANISM IN THE MANAGEMENTTHE MANAGEMENTOF NATIONAL DISASTER AND OF NATIONAL DISASTER AND RELIEF IN MALAYSIARELIEF IN MALAYSIA(NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20)(NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20)

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

1.1. Background.Background. 2. 2. Aims and Objective of NSC Directive No. Aims and Objective of NSC Directive No.

20.20. 3.3. Policy of Disaster Management.Policy of Disaster Management. 4.4. Definition and Types of Disasters.Definition and Types of Disasters. 5.5. Mechanism of Disaster Management.Mechanism of Disaster Management. 6. 6. Commands and Control in Disaster Commands and Control in Disaster

Management.Management. 7.7. The Role of National Security Division The Role of National Security Division

and and Agencies in Disaster Management.Agencies in Disaster Management. 8.8. Implication of NSC Directive No. 20.Implication of NSC Directive No. 20. 9.9. Conclusion.Conclusion.

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

FIRE EXPLOSION AT FIRE EXPLOSION AT BRIGHT SPARKLES IN BRIGHT SPARKLES IN SUNGAI BULUHSUNGAI BULUH(22-KILLED/103-(22-KILLED/103-INJURED)INJURED)

FIRE EXPLOSION AT FIRE EXPLOSION AT BRIGHT SPARKLES IN BRIGHT SPARKLES IN SUNGAI BULUHSUNGAI BULUH(22-KILLED/103-(22-KILLED/103-INJURED)INJURED)

COLLAPSE OF THE SULTAN COLLAPSE OF THE SULTAN ABDUL HALIM JETTY ABDUL HALIM JETTY BUTTERWORTH (32 - BUTTERWORTH (32 - KILLED/1674 –INJURED)KILLED/1674 –INJURED)

COLLAPSE OF THE SULTAN COLLAPSE OF THE SULTAN ABDUL HALIM JETTY ABDUL HALIM JETTY BUTTERWORTH (32 - BUTTERWORTH (32 - KILLED/1674 –INJURED)KILLED/1674 –INJURED)

FIRE EXPLOSION OF FIRE EXPLOSION OF CHOON HUNG III CHOON HUNG III VESSEL AT PORT VESSEL AT PORT KELANG KELANG (10-KILLED)(10-KILLED)

FIRE EXPLOSION OF FIRE EXPLOSION OF CHOON HUNG III CHOON HUNG III VESSEL AT PORT VESSEL AT PORT KELANG KELANG (10-KILLED)(10-KILLED)

MUDSLIDE AT THE MUDSLIDE AT THE ABORIGINES’ AT ABORIGINES’ AT VILLAGE IN POS VILLAGE IN POS DIPANG, KAMPAR, DIPANG, KAMPAR, PERAK (44 – KILLED)PERAK (44 – KILLED)

MUDSLIDE AT THE MUDSLIDE AT THE ABORIGINES’ AT ABORIGINES’ AT VILLAGE IN POS VILLAGE IN POS DIPANG, KAMPAR, DIPANG, KAMPAR, PERAK (44 – KILLED)PERAK (44 – KILLED)

LANDSLIDE AT KM 34 LANDSLIDE AT KM 34 NEAR THE EXIT ROAD NEAR THE EXIT ROAD TO GENTING TO GENTING HIGHLANDS HIGHLANDS (20-KILLED)(20-KILLED)

LANDSLIDE AT KM 34 LANDSLIDE AT KM 34 NEAR THE EXIT ROAD NEAR THE EXIT ROAD TO GENTING TO GENTING HIGHLANDS HIGHLANDS (20-KILLED)(20-KILLED)

COLLAPSE OF COLLAPSE OF HIGHLAND TOWERS HIGHLAND TOWERS CONDOMINIUM IN CONDOMINIUM IN HULU KELANGHULU KELANG(48- KILLED)(48- KILLED)

COLLAPSE OF COLLAPSE OF HIGHLAND TOWERS HIGHLAND TOWERS CONDOMINIUM IN CONDOMINIUM IN HULU KELANGHULU KELANG(48- KILLED)(48- KILLED)

TROPICAL STORM TROPICAL STORM “GREG” IN “GREG” IN KENINGAU, SABAH KENINGAU, SABAH (4,925 HOMES (4,925 HOMES DESTROYED DESTROYED PROPERTIES PROPERTIES WORTH 130 WORTH 130 MILLION MILLION DESTROYED)DESTROYED)(230-KILLED)

TROPICAL STORM TROPICAL STORM “GREG” IN “GREG” IN KENINGAU, SABAH KENINGAU, SABAH (4,925 HOMES (4,925 HOMES DESTROYED DESTROYED PROPERTIES PROPERTIES WORTH 130 WORTH 130 MILLION MILLION DESTROYED)DESTROYED)(230-KILLED)

DISASTERS DISASTERS IN IN

MALAYSIAMALAYSIA

DISASTERS DISASTERS IN IN

MALAYSIAMALAYSIA

The need to The need to formulate a formulate a policy and policy and mechanism of mechanism of Disaster Disaster Management in Management in an integrated, an integrated, coordinated and coordinated and systematic systematic manner to manner to manage and manage and handle disasters handle disasters on land.on land.

The need to The need to have a have a specialised and specialised and highly skilled highly skilled search and search and rescue team.rescue team.

The need to have The need to have a sound system a sound system of coordination of coordination among agencies among agencies in search and in search and rescue rescue operations as operations as well as relief and well as relief and rehabilitation.rehabilitation.

LESSON LEARNEDLESSON LEARNED

The need to have an The need to have an integrated disaster integrated disaster management system to deal management system to deal with any kind of disasterwith any kind of disaster

Following the tragedy of the collape of Highland Towers Condominium, the Malaysian Cabinet made a decision to form a mechanism under the National Security Division, Prime Minister Dept for the management of on scene incident in major disaster on land.

NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCILDIRECTIVE NO. 20

(The Policy and Mechanism on National Disaster and Relief Management)

AIM OF NSC DIRECTIVE AIM OF NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20NO. 20

NSC DIRECTIVES NO. 20

EXECUTIVE ORDERS BY PRIME MINISTERS

The reduce The reduce casualties and casualties and minimise damage minimise damage to properties.to properties.

To prevent To prevent disasters from disasters from spreading.spreading.

To coordinate relief To coordinate relief and rehabilitation and rehabilitation to victims.to victims.

To coordinate relief To coordinate relief and rehabilitation and rehabilitation to victims.to victims.

The reduce The reduce casualties and casualties and minimise damage minimise damage to properties.to properties.

To prevent To prevent disasters from disasters from spreading.spreading.

To coordinate relief To coordinate relief and rehabilitation and rehabilitation to victims.to victims.

To coordinate relief To coordinate relief and rehabilitation and rehabilitation to victims.to victims.

To outline a Policy on To outline a Policy on Disaster Management Disaster Management and Relief on LAND and Relief on LAND according to the level according to the level of disaster.of disaster.

To outline a Policy on To outline a Policy on Disaster Management Disaster Management and Relief on LAND and Relief on LAND according to the level according to the level of disaster.of disaster.

To establish a To establish a Management Management Mechanism with Mechanism with

the the purpose of purpose of determining the determining the roles and roles and responsibilities of responsibilities of the various the various agencies involved agencies involved in handling in handling disaster.disaster.

To establish a To establish a Management Management Mechanism with Mechanism with

the the purpose of purpose of determining the determining the roles and roles and responsibilities of responsibilities of the various the various agencies involved agencies involved in handling in handling disaster.disaster.

To preserve the To preserve the environment.environment.

To immediately bring back To immediately bring back the situation to normalcy.the situation to normalcy.

To preserve the To preserve the environment.environment.

To immediately bring back To immediately bring back the situation to normalcy.the situation to normalcy.

POLICY OF DISASTER POLICY OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

To have an integrated system of disaster To have an integrated system of disaster management with emphasis on the concerted and management with emphasis on the concerted and coordinated actions.coordinated actions.

Integrated disaster management system means Integrated disaster management system means “a “a combined and coordinated response of the combined and coordinated response of the various various agencies in the management of disaster”.agencies in the management of disaster”.

Coordinated and concerted actions means Coordinated and concerted actions means “the “the harmonious integration of all agencies harmonious integration of all agencies involved involved with the objective to handle the disaster with the objective to handle the disaster efficiently efficiently and bringing the situation and bringing the situation back to back to normalcy”.normalcy”.

For the purpose of NSC Directive No. 20, disaster is For the purpose of NSC Directive No. 20, disaster is defined as “an incident that occurs unexpectedly, defined as “an incident that occurs unexpectedly, complex in nature, resulting in the loss of lives and complex in nature, resulting in the loss of lives and damage to properties and the environment as well as damage to properties and the environment as well as interfering in the daily activities of the local community. interfering in the daily activities of the local community. The incident requires the management which involves The incident requires the management which involves resources, equipment, frequency and extensive resources, equipment, frequency and extensive manpower from various agencies as well as effective manpower from various agencies as well as effective coordination and the possibility of taking complex actions coordination and the possibility of taking complex actions over a long period of time”over a long period of time”

DEFINITION OF DEFINITION OF DISASTERDISASTER

Collapse of Collapse of high-rise buildings.high-rise buildings.

The emission ofThe emission of poisonous gas in public places.poisonous gas in public places...

Accidents involvingAccidents involvingthe transportation,the transportation,channeling channeling and transferringand transferringof hazardous of hazardous materials.materials.

The burst of hydro The burst of hydro

dam or reservoir.dam or reservoir.

Trains collisions Trains collisions or derailments.or derailments.

Air accidents Air accidents that occur in that occur in populated areas.populated areas.

Haze, which causesHaze, which causesenvironmental disasterenvironmental disaster

Industrial disasters : fire, Industrial disasters : fire, explosion and emission of explosion and emission of hazardous materials, hazardous materials, channeling channeling and and transferring of hazardous transferring of hazardous materials.materials.

Nuclear and Nuclear and radiological radiological

mishaps.mishaps.

Fire outbreak Fire outbreak in large areas in large areas - forest fires/ - forest fires/ open burnings open burnings

Natural disasters : Natural disasters : floods, storm, floods, storm, draughts, beach draughts, beach erosion, landslides or erosion, landslides or disaster resulting disaster resulting from storm and from storm and heavy rain.heavy rain.

TYPES OF TYPES OF DISASTERSDISASTERS

MECHANISM OF DISASTER MECHANISM OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

a)a) In order to handle the disaster more effectively, In order to handle the disaster more effectively, A Disaster Management and Relief Committee A Disaster Management and Relief Committee (DMRC) (DMRC) is establish at the Federal, State and is establish at the Federal, State and

District Level.District Level.

b)b) The membership of DMRC is thus extended to The membership of DMRC is thus extended to include many agencies in order to effectively include many agencies in order to effectively handle all handle all types of disasters on land - (inter types of disasters on land - (inter agency and inter agency and inter sectoral approach in Disaster sectoral approach in Disaster Management).Management).

Member of DMRC At Federal LevelMember of DMRC At Federal Level

ChairmanChairman :: The Honourable Deputy Prime The Honourable Deputy Prime Minister Minister

DeputyDeputy :: Minister of Information.Minister of Information.

MembersMembers :: Minister of Finance.Minister of Finance.

Minister of National Unity Minister of National Unity and Community Development. and Community Development.

Chief Secretary to the Chief Secretary to the Government.Government.

Chief of the Armed Forces.Chief of the Armed Forces.

Inspector General of Police.Inspector General of Police.

Director General of Health.Director General of Health.

Director General National Security Director General National Security Division.Division.

Director General Fire and Rescue Director General Fire and Rescue Department.Department.

Director General of Atomic Energy Director General of Atomic Energy Licencing Board.Licencing Board.

Director General of Broadcasting.Director General of Broadcasting.

Director General of Information.Director General of Information.

Director General of Road Director General of Road Transport Department.Transport Department.

Director General of Civil Defence Director General of Civil Defence Department.Department.

Director General of Public Works Director General of Public Works Department.Department.

Director General of Director General of

Department of Environment.Department of Environment.

Director General of Social Director General of Social Welfare.Welfare.

Director General of Department of Director General of Department of Occupational Safety and Health.Occupational Safety and Health.

Director General of Meteorological Director General of Meteorological Department.Department.

Director General of Department of Director General of Department of Civil Aviation.Civil Aviation.

Director General of Geological Director General of Geological Survey Department.Survey Department.

Director General of Drainage Director General of Drainage and Irrigation Department.and Irrigation Department.

Representative of Attorney Representative of Attorney General.General.

Director of Budget, Ministry of Director of Budget, Ministry of Finance.Finance.

Director of RELA.Director of RELA.

Also Present Also Present : : Other related officers. Other related officers.

SecretariatSecretariat :: Director of Crisis and Director of Crisis and Disaster Management UnitDisaster Management UnitNational Security DivisionNational Security DivisionPrime Minister’s Department.Prime Minister’s Department.

Member of DMRC At State LevelMember of DMRC At State Level

ChairmanChairman :: State Secretary.State Secretary.

MembersMembers :: State Chief Police Officer.State Chief Police Officer.

Brigade Commander of Brigade Commander of Armed Forces. Armed Forces.

State Director of Fire and State Director of Fire and Rescue Department.Rescue Department.

State Director of Health.State Director of Health.

Other Directors of Various Other Directors of Various Agencies at State Level.Agencies at State Level.

SecretariatSecretariat :: Director of State NSD.Director of State NSD.

Member of DMRC Member of DMRC At District LevelAt District Level

ChairmanChairman :: District Officer.District Officer.

MembersMembers :: Officer in Charge of Police Officer in Charge of Police District (OCPD).District (OCPD).

District Fire and Rescue District Fire and Rescue Department Officer.Department Officer.

Representatives from Representatives from Various Government Various Government Departments and Departments and Agencies at District Level. Agencies at District Level.

SecretariatSecretariat :: Assistant Director of District Assistant Director of District NSD.NSD.

At Federal Level :At Federal Level : To formulate policies and To formulate policies and strategies of national disaster management.strategies of national disaster management.

At State and District Level :At State and District Level : To ensure that To ensure that procedures procedures and plans of actions in disaster and plans of actions in disaster management are management are implemented.implemented.

To coordinate the activities of disaster mitigation.To coordinate the activities of disaster mitigation.

To coordinate and mobilise logistic requirements from To coordinate and mobilise logistic requirements from Government and private sectors for disaster operation.Government and private sectors for disaster operation.

To formulate and implement disaster awareness and education.To formulate and implement disaster awareness and education.

To coordinate disaster drill and exercise.To coordinate disaster drill and exercise.

FUNCTIONS OF DMRCFUNCTIONS OF DMRC

DISASTRIOUS INCIDENTSDISASTRIOUS INCIDENTS

Natural DisastersIndustrial DisastersCollapse of Buildings and StructuresTrains collisions or derailmentEmission of poisonous gasOutbreak of major firesAir accidents in populated area

Natural DisastersIndustrial DisastersCollapse of Buildings and StructuresTrains collisions or derailmentEmission of poisonous gasOutbreak of major firesAir accidents in populated area

NSC Directive No. 20(Policy and Mechanism of National Disaster

Management)

NSC Directive No. 20(Policy and Mechanism of National Disaster

Management)

District Disaster Management and Relief Committee

District Disaster Management and Relief Committee

State Disaster Management and Relief

Committee

State Disaster Management and Relief

Committee

Federal Disaster Management and Relief

Committee

Federal Disaster Management and Relief

Committee

Integration and involvement of relevant Integration and involvement of relevant

HANDLING OF DISASTERS

Fire and Rescue DepartmentRoyal Malaysia PoliceMalaysia Armed ForcesCivil Defence DepartmentSMARTHospitalSocial Welfare DepartmentMalaysia Red CrescentSt. John AmbulanceRELAPublic Works DepartmentGeological DepartmentInformation DepartmentLocal AuthoritiesTNBSTMBVoluntary Organisations/NGOs

Fire and Rescue DepartmentRoyal Malaysia PoliceMalaysia Armed ForcesCivil Defence DepartmentSMARTHospitalSocial Welfare DepartmentMalaysia Red CrescentSt. John AmbulanceRELAPublic Works DepartmentGeological DepartmentInformation DepartmentLocal AuthoritiesTNBSTMBVoluntary Organisations/NGOs

Search and Rescue

Search and Rescue

Emergency MedicineEmergency Medicine Emergency Relief and Welfare

Emergency Relief and Welfare

CommunicationCommunication

Technical / Experts advice

Technical / Experts advice

Logistic and Workforce

Logistic and Workforce

Media HandlingMedia Handling

Evacuation of Victims

Evacuation of Victims

Security and traffic control

Security and traffic control

Electricity and basic necessities

Electricity and basic necessities

SEARCH AND RESCUE SUPPORT

WELFARE

MEDIAEMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE

SMART Police ATM Fire and Rescue

Department Civil Defence

Department ETC

HospitalMalaysia Red CrescentSt. John AmbulanceETC

Information DepartmentBroadcasting Department

Local AuthoritiesPublic Works DepartmentTelephone BoardElectricity BoardThe ArmyThe PoliceETC

Social Welfare DepartmentVoluntary OrganisationETC

SECURITY CONTROL

The PoliceRELAETC

AGENCIES ROLES AT DISASTER SITE

COMMAND AN CONTROLCOMMAND AN CONTROL

ON-SCENE CONTROL POST ON-SCENE CONTROL POST (OSCP)(OSCP)

Established and headed by the OCPD. Established and headed by the OCPD.

Coordinate and implement all activities related to Coordinate and implement all activities related to disaster operation such as search and rescue and disaster operation such as search and rescue and relief works at the scene.relief works at the scene.

ON-SCENE COMMANDERON-SCENE COMMANDER

OCPD - District Level.OCPD - District Level.

Chief Police Officer - State Level.Chief Police Officer - State Level.

Director of Internal Security and Public Order of Director of Internal Security and Public Order of Royal Malaysia Police – Federal Level.Royal Malaysia Police – Federal Level.

DISASTER OPERATION CONTROL DISASTER OPERATION CONTROL CENTRE (DOCC)CENTRE (DOCC)

Disaster Management and Relief Committee hold Disaster Management and Relief Committee hold the meeting at the DOCC.the meeting at the DOCC.

Headed by the District Officer at District Level, Headed by the District Officer at District Level, State Secretary at State Level and National DMRC State Secretary at State Level and National DMRC Chairman at Federal Level.Chairman at Federal Level.

Monitor the development of disaster.Monitor the development of disaster.

Coordinate efforts in search and rescue, Coordinate efforts in search and rescue, emergency and relief in order to ensure that these emergency and relief in order to ensure that these efforts are effectively and smoothly implemented.efforts are effectively and smoothly implemented.

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL THE ROLE OF NATIONAL SECURITY DIVISIONSECURITY DIVISION

Secretariat to the DOCC.Secretariat to the DOCC.

To ensure and procure equipment required for the DOCC to To ensure and procure equipment required for the DOCC to operate.operate.

To ensure that the policy and mechanism in disaster To ensure that the policy and mechanism in disaster management management are observed.are observed.

To activate the DOCC:To activate the DOCC:

In time of impending disaster (NSC Ops Order 1/98 on In time of impending disaster (NSC Ops Order 1/98 on open burning and forest fires).open burning and forest fires).

In time of disaster.In time of disaster.

To carry out the disaster post mortem.To carry out the disaster post mortem.

IMPLICATION OF NSC IMPLICATION OF NSC DIRECTIVE NO. 20DIRECTIVE NO. 20

EnforcementEnforcement

With effect from 11 May 1997.With effect from 11 May 1997.

All other Disaster Management Committees, which monitor All other Disaster Management Committees, which monitor disasters on land such as Industrial Disaster Committee, are disasters on land such as Industrial Disaster Committee, are dissolved.dissolved.

AdministrationAdministration All agencies concerned to prepare their SOPs.All agencies concerned to prepare their SOPs.

SOP should include measures taken in disaster prevention. SOP should include measures taken in disaster prevention. e.g. SOP for DOSH should include:e.g. SOP for DOSH should include:

measures taken on factories / measures taken on factories / hazardous plants in “Safety and Health hazardous plants in “Safety and Health Audit” Audit” (SHE AUDIT).(SHE AUDIT).

review and update “Emergency review and update “Emergency Response Plans (ERP)” of industries / Response Plans (ERP)” of industries / factories in order to prevent and handle factories in order to prevent and handle industrial accident / disaster.industrial accident / disaster.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

NSC Directive No. 20 is a proactive and reactive NSC Directive No. 20 is a proactive and reactive generic plan in disaster management.generic plan in disaster management.

Integrated disaster management in prevention, Integrated disaster management in prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.preparedness, response and recovery.

PreventionPrevention

Prevention measures in mitigation aspects to Prevention measures in mitigation aspects to minimise impact of disasters on life, properties minimise impact of disasters on life, properties and environment.and environment.

Preventive by enforcement of laws such as:Preventive by enforcement of laws such as:

-- Land Conservation Act.Land Conservation Act.

-- Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Act 1974.Act 1974.

-- Local Government Act Local Government Act 1976.1976.

-- Road, Drainage and Road, Drainage and Building Act.Building Act.

-- Occupational Safety Occupational Safety and Health and Health Act.Act.

Prevention by the practice of disaster Prevention by the practice of disaster awareness and awareness and education.education.

PreparednessPreparedness

Agencies should have SOPs and should be reviewed Agencies should have SOPs and should be reviewed and updated.and updated.

Agencies should enhance their disaster warning Agencies should enhance their disaster warning systems.systems.

To enhance communication system for effective To enhance communication system for effective disaster handling.disaster handling.

To prepare and update Database onTo prepare and update Database on resources/ resources/ equipment.equipment.

ResponseResponse

To mobilise search and rescue teams and To mobilise search and rescue teams and supporting personnel and relief supporting personnel and relief rresources to esources to disaster scene immediately.disaster scene immediately.

RecoveryRecovery

To reconstruct essential utilities, services and To reconstruct essential utilities, services and houses.houses.

Medical and health care for victims.Medical and health care for victims.

Relief assistance to victims.Relief assistance to victims. e.g. financial, materials.e.g. financial, materials.

The elements of disaster management have broad The elements of disaster management have broad application. There is no single and specific method in application. There is no single and specific method in handling a disaster. The application and method of handling a disaster. The application and method of disaster management do not only depend on types, disaster management do not only depend on types, location and levels of disaster, but also depend on the location and levels of disaster, but also depend on the effectiveness and good system of management as well effectiveness and good system of management as well as the total commitment of Agencies involved in as the total commitment of Agencies involved in handling a disaster.handling a disaster.