Disaster Management in Malaysia - apec-epwg. · PDF fileDisaster Risk Management ... mitigation and relief activities of disaster management in the ... System Plan” by the Malaysia

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2008/TFEP/WKSP2/020

Disaster Management in Malaysia

Submitted by: Malaysia

Study Course on Disaster Emergency Response and Recovery

Beijing, China14-22 April 2008

1

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

IN MALAYSIA

National Security Council

Prime Minister’s Department

MALAYSIA

2

Content

� Country Profile

� Total Disaster Risk Management (TDRM)

� Prevention and Mitigation

� Preparedness

� Response

� Rehabilitation

3

Country Profile

� far from severe disasters such as earthquake,

volcanic eruption and typhoon

� south-westerly monsoonal floods occur in

December till January next year

� landslides because of heavy rains or land use at

risk area

� severe haze

� man-made disasters

� tsunami - 26th December 2004

4

SOUTH-WESTERLY MONSOON

(NOVEMBER – MARCH)

NORTH-EASTERLY MONSOON

(MAY – SEPTEMBER)

Malaysia Coast Line = 4,675 km

5

Intensity/ Impact of Disaster in

Malaysia

RM0.25 bil26,300 -NA-12,997 17Flood Nov –

Dec 2005

-NA-512 42,280 1 Flood 11 –

31 Jan 2007

RM1.3 bil-NA-687 48,379 18Flood 17

Dec 2006 –

10 Jan 2007

RM1.0 bil157,507 61691,57533Flood Dec

2007

Estimated Direct

Loss (Govt,

Household,

Agri.)

Affected

Family (incl.

family in evac.

centre)*

Evac.

Centre

Evacuees

(Family)CasualtyDisaster

6

Intensity/ Impact of Disaster in

Malaysia - Tsunami

119Others

69Ram

94Vehicle

538Small Fishing Boat

2,393Fishing Boat (Build-in Engine)

102Jetty Damaged

1,473House Damaged

21Evac. Centre

21Hospitalised (person)

8,648Evacuees (person)

268Injured (person)

5Missing (person)

69Casualty (person)

TOTALPROFILE

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Natural Disaster is hard to prevent, but mitigation measures can be done to reduce the impact of disaster.

Disaster Management is end-to-end system.

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Risk Management

Crisis Management

1. Prevention

and Mitigation

2. Prepareness

- Prediction and Early

Warning System

-Awareness

Protection

4. Recovery

- Analysis

- Rehabilitation

- Reconstruction

Recovery

Impact Assessment

CRISIS/

DISASTER

Total Disaster Risk Management

(TDRM)

3. Response

- Search and

Rescue

- Relief

- Medical

9

Disaster Risk Management

Definition of Disaster Risk

� Identifying Asset, Hazards and Vulnerability

� Hazards – Intentional, Accident, Natural e.i. natural disaster

� Asset – community, people (life), buildings and facilities (properties)

� Vulnerability – a condition resulting from physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes

� Reduction of vulnerability can be achieved through such measures as mitigation and preparedness

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PREVENTION &

MITIGATION

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1. Prevention & Mitigation

� Prevention measures and mitigation aspects to minimize impact of disasters on life, properties and environment

� Preventive by enforcement of laws such as

a. Land conservation Act

b. Environmental Quality Act 1974

c. Local Government Act 1976

d. Road, Drainage and Building Act

e. Occupational Safety and Health Act

f. Uniform Building Bylaws

� Prevention by the practice of disaster awareness and education

12

National Master Plan on Slope

Study

� By Public Works Department;

� Consist of 10 Scope; 1. Policies and Institutional Framework;

2. Hazard Mapping and Assessment;

3. Early Warning and Real-Time Monitoring System;

4. Loss Assessment;

5. Information Collection, Interpretation, Dissemination and Archiving,

6. Training;

7. Public Awareness;

8. Loss Reduction Measures;

9. Emergency Preparedness, Response and Recovery;

10. Research and Development.

13

Land Use Planning Appraisal

for Risk Areas (LUPAr)

� By Town and Country Planning Dept.;

� A current research program under 9th Malaysia Plan;

� Component: flood, landslide, tsunami, forest fire, hazardous industries.

� Purpose: to provide general guidelines on the type of development allowed in hazard-prone areas and to provide mitigation measures for policy makers, decision makers, national disaster managers, local authorities.

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Land Use Planning Appraisal

for Risk Areas (LUPAr)

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Disaster Management

Application System

� Developed by Malaysia Centre for Remote Sensing (MACRES)

� Has been introduced to establish a central system for collecting, storing, processing, analyzing, and disseminating value-added data and information to support the relevant agencies in the mitigation and relief activities of disaster management in the country.

� Enables all government agencies to be well prepared in handling disasters as it provides important data and information about natural disasters.

� Emphasizes on the utilization of remote sensing technologies, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies to provide up-to-date and reliable data to support the three components of disaster management, that are, (i) early warning, (ii) detection and monitoring, and (iii) mitigation and relief for pre, during and post disaster management activities coordinated by NSC and implemented by relevant authorities.

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Why Disaster Management

Application System ?

� Previously, effective national planning by central planning agencies is constrained by the absence of a centralized and integrated database on natural resources, environment and related information with full geographic analytical capabilities

� Due to:� Relevant databases are not readily available as they reside in

different operational environment of various agencies;

� Data are not standardized (in terms of format, scale and level of mapping accuracies) and therefore are not readily available for GIS analyses; and

� Some in analogue form

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• AUTOMATED DAILY HOTSPOTS

MONITORING SYSTEM

– NOAA 12, 16 AND 18 (ASMC)

– MODIS (MGRS)

– ACTIVE FOREST FIRE MAP

– WIND DIRECTION MAP (ASMC)

Pilot Scale Hazard Mapping

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PILOT AREA :

� RAJA MUDA MUSA RESERVE FOREST

FOREST FIRE DISASTER MODEL

19

20

WIND DIRECTION MAP BASED ON ASEAN REGION

(4 OCT. 2006)

21NOAA 12

NOAA 18

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NOAA 16

MODIS

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PILOT AREA :

� PENANG ISLAND

LANDSLIDE DISASTER MODEL

24

25

26

27

PILOT AREA :

� TANJUNG PIAI

OIL SPILL DISASTER MODEL

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29

PILOT AREA :

� KELANTAN RIVER

BASIN

FLOOD DISASTER MODEL

30

31

PILOT AREA :

� GEBENG INDUSTRIAL PARK

HOT INSTALLATIONS DISASTER MODEL

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33

34

33--D TSUNAMI INUNDATION MAP (PENANG)D TSUNAMI INUNDATION MAP (PENANG)

Kuala Pulau Betung

Balik Pulau

Batu Feringgi

1

2

3

1

2

3

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PREPAREDNESS

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Directive No. 20

National Security Council

� Directive No. 20 National Security Council: The Policy and Mechanism on National Disaster and Relief Management established on 11th May 1997;

� Takes along the power of Law because it was signed by the Prime Minister as Directive of Operation who derive the power of His Majesty the King in the Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance 1970

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Defining Disaster

� Incident that occurs in a sudden manner, complex in nature, resulting in the loss of lives, damages to property or the environment as well as affecting the daily activities of local community.

� Such incident requires the handling of resources, equipment, frequency and extensive manpower from various agencies as well as effective coordination and the possibility of demanding complex actions over a long period of time.

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13 Disastrous Incidents

1. Natural Disasters i.e. Floods, Storm, Drought, Beach Erosion and Landslides

2. Industrial Disasters such as Explosions, Fire Outbreak, Pollution and Emission of Hazardous Materials

3. Accidents Involving Hazardous Materials

4. Collapse of High Rise Buildings or Special Structures

5. Air Accidents Occur in Buildings Area and Many People

6. Train Collisions and Derailments

7. Fire Outbreak in Large Areas/ High Rise Buildings/ Special Structures/ Many People

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13 Disastrous Incidents

8. The Burst of a Hydro Dam or Reservoir

9. Nuclear and Radiology Mishaps Which May Probably Spread and Cause the Loss of Lives, Damage to Properties and Pollute the Environment

10.Emission of Poisonous Gas in Public Places

11.Haze Which Cause an Emergency Situation to the Environment and Jeopardizes Public Order, Govt. Administration and Country’s Economic Activities

12.Air Disasters

13.Sea Disasters

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Level of The Disaster Management and

Relief Committee (STRATEGIC LEVEL)

� Policy and Strategic Planning

� Level 1: The District Disaster Management and Relief Committee

� Level 2: The State Disaster Management and Relief Committee

� Level 3: The National Disaster Management and Relief Committee

Federal

Deputy Prime Minister

State

State Secretary

District

District Officer

Secretariat:

NSC

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Operational Approach

� Bottom Up Approach

� If the District has shortage of Manpower,

Fund and Asset, the state level or federal

level will assist and coordinate

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• Search and

Rescue

• Health and

Medical

Services

• Media

• Support

• Security

Control

• Welfare

• Warnings and

Alerts

Federal Disaster

Operation Control Centre

(Deputy Prime Minister)

State Disaster

Operation Control Centre

(State Secretary)

District Disaster

Operation Control Centre

(District Officer)

On-scene

Post

On-scene

Post

National

Security Council

State

NSC

District

NSC

Federal

Disaster Management

and Relief Committee

State

Disaster Management

and Relief Committee

District

Disaster Management

and Relief Committee

Organizational Structures

Officer in

Charge

Of Police

District (OCPD)

Officer in

Charge

Of Police

District (OCPD)

Officer in

Charge

Of Police

District (OCPD)

On-scene

Post

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Capacity Building

� Several agencies designated to be lead agency in specific disaster

� Pandemic/ Endemic for human being (Ministry of Health)

� Pandemic/ Endemic for bird/animal (Ministry of Agriculture)

� Sea Disaster (Marine Department)

� Air Disaster (Dept. of Civil Aviation)

� Haze/ Open Burning (Dept. of Environment)

� Nuclear and Radiology (Atomic Energy Licensing Board)

� Chemical (Chemistry Dept.)

� Search and Rescue Team (Multi Function) – Fire and Rescue Dept., Royal Malaysian Police, Malaysian Armed Forces, Special Malaysian Disaster Assistant and Rescue Team (SMART), Emergency Medical Team, Atomic Energy Licensing Board and Civil Defense Dept.

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Early Warning System

� Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD)

� Tsunami Early Warning System

� Weather Forecasting

� Disaster Alert System (D.A.S)

� Malaysian Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID)

� Telemetry System - Flood Forecasting Models and Infobanjir

� Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing (MACRES)

� Disaster Management Applications System

� Department of Environment (DOE)

� Air Pollutant Index (API) - Haze

45

Malaysian Tsunami Early

Warning System

� After the Asian Tsunami in Dec 2004

� Developed by Malaysian Meteorological Dept.

� Three technologically advanced deep water buoys to be deployed at locations around Malaysia.

� The first buoy was installed near Pulau Rondo, Sumatra on 30 December 2005

� The second buoy installed at Peninjau Island on the South China Sea in early March 2006

� The third buoy will be located in the Sulu/ Sulawasi Sea by end of 2008

� Dissemination System: Short Messaging System (SMS), mass media, telephone, fax and website

46

Flood Forecasting and Warning

System

� Developed by Malaysian Drainage and Irrigation Dept.

� Currently two flood forecasting models have been applied i.e the Linear Transfer Function Model (LTFM) at Pahang River and the Tank Model at Kelantan River

� The agencies involve in flood relief have use the information to decide when they should mobilize their staffs and equipments to the areas that are potentially hit

� Dissemination System: Warning siren, Short Messaging System (SMS), telephone, fax and website http://infobanjir.water.gov.my

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TELEMETRY SYSTEM

- FOR FLOOD FORECASTING MODELS AND INFOBANJIR

HYDROLOGICAL SENSORS

LAND EARTH STATION

RADIO REPEATER STATION

SATELLITE

NETWORK CONTROL CENTER

RTU

RADIO LINK

WORK STATIONS

MASTER TERMINAL

CONNECTION TO

WORK STATION BY

LAN,WAN,INTERNET

FRONT END PROCESSOR

RAINFALL

WATER LEVEL

SIRENS, WEB CAMERA

SMS TO MOBILE PHONE

LAND LINE

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3-Tier Communication Approach

GOVERNMENT

1. GIRN

2. FLAS

TV

PUBLIC

3. “999”

2nd Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster

Risk Reduction

49

Government Integrated Radio

Network (GIRN)

� A Government Integrated Radio Network (GIRN) project was recently introduced to provide secure digital trunk radio system between the various government agencies in Malaysia as a study shows that there are currently more than 12 radio networks used by the various agencies.

� The current radio networks have several limitations:

� Limited radio network coverage over the country;

� Ineffective radio network coverage resulting in limitation for facilities sharing;

� Networks are using various type of technology and do not adhere to any standard;

� Lacks of capability due to outdated technology; and

� Frequencies used are not as recommended in “Standard Radio System Plan” by the Malaysia Communication and Multimedia Commission (MCMC).

� The introduction of the GIRN project preserves the autonomy and freedom of the various agencies while providing a unified network of shared infrastructures.

2nd Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster

Risk Reduction

50

Government Integrated Radio

Network (GIRN)

� The benefits of the GIRN approach are:

� Shared infrastructure creates “economies of scale”, and the effort to cover the whole country can be reached in a reasonable cost;

� Digital Technology enables the sophisticated and integrated audio and data services;

� The technology used is standardized and the level of “interoperability” increased without interrupting the autonomy;

� The level of security increased in radio and data communication;

� Frequencies used as recommended in Standard Radio System Plan by Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) and communication services in the government can be restructured.

� GIRN will certify that every agency’s network would be physically and virtually separated. Every agency would manage the equipments and assets on its own. It can utilise and manage the network using its own and unique command and control policy. The network is virtuallyseparated by using different System Number for each agency.

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Government Integrated Radio

Network (GIRN)

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Fixed Line Alert System (FLAS)

� The advantages:

� short and precise message dissemination

� quick

� 24 hours operations

� pre-recorded message or real-time message

� specific area for dissemination.

� simultaneously broadcast thousands calls at any one time

� able to generate statistic or report for successful, unanswered and failed calls

53

Fixed Line Alert System (FLAS)

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“999” – Dedicated Emergency

Line

� Customer Assistance Service (CAS) by Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM)

� Response Time Within 10 seconds - > 96.4%

55

Flood Mitigation Structure i.e. The Stormwater

Management and Road Tunnel (SMART)

� Developed by Malaysian Drainage and

Irrigation Department

� The Stormwater Management and Road

Tunnel also known as SMART Project is

being developed to alleviate flash flood

problems in the city. The 9.7 kilometers

and 11.83 meters’ in diameter tunnel

integrates both stormwater management

and motorway in the same tunnel.

56

National Disaster Relief Trust

Fund (NDRTF)

� Annual allocation from the Government

� Change from fund to trust fund in 2005

where public and private also can

contribute

� Base on the experience on tsunami where

RM78.9 mil was contributed by public and

private during the disaster

57

Standard Operating Procedures/

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

� Standard Operating Procedures (S.O.P.) on preparation, prevention, response, recovery and rehabilitation

� Three major S.O.P.

� S.O.P. for flood (Chapter 1);

� S.O.P. for industrial disasters (Chapter 2);

� S.O.P. for forest fire/open burning and haze (Chapter 3); and

� SOP for Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Disasters.� National Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Combat

� S.O.P. on Pandemic/ Endemic Preparedness Plans

� Earthquake, Tsunami and Drought Disasters – in progress

� Emergency Response Plan (ERP) for each private area

58

Development Program by Town and

Country Planning Dept.

� Applying the Building Code for Seismic Risk on High Rise Buildings for local planning at Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah

� Applying Other Relevant Code and Guideline With Regard to Development

� Urban Stormwater Management Manual (MASMA) Guideline

� Dept. of Environment – permissible density and cutting slope for development

� Guideline on Development within gas pipeline

� Permissible Height for Building Around Airport

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Bilateral, Regional and International

Cooperation

� Bilateral

� MoU with Thailand

� MoU with Indonesia (Disaster Cooperation and

Assistance)

� MoU with France (Disaster Cooperation and

Assistance)

� Singapore Civil Defense Force (SCDF) (Bilateral

networking/ Cooperation and Assistance)

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Bilateral, Regional and International

Cooperation

� Regional Membership

� ASEAN

� ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)

� ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)

� Asian Disaster Reduction Centre (ADRC)

� Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC)

� Intergovernmental Coordination Group – Indian Ocean

Tsunami Warning System (ICG-IOTWS)

� APEC Task Force on Emergency Preparedness (TFEP)

� 3rd Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk

Reduction – Dec 2008 in Kuala Lumpur

� Global Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction – 2009

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Bilateral, Regional and International

Cooperation

� International Membership

� United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN-OCHA)

� United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC)

� United Nations – International Search and Rescue Advisory Groups (UN – INSARAG)

� United Nations – International strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN-ISDR)

� United Nations Economic and Social Commission For Asia and The Pacific (UNESCAP)

� Typhoon Committee

� World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

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RESPONSE AND RELIEF

63

Search & Rescue

64

Emergency Medical Service

(EMS)

65

Welfare

66

Evacuation

67

Role of Non Government

Organization (NGOs)

� To provide assistance in disaster mitigation, response,

recovery, rehabilitation and construction;

� Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) – medical

assistance and rehabilitation

� MERCY – medical assistance and rehabilitation

� Haluan Malaysia – rehabilitation and reconstruction

� Global Peace Malaysia – medical assistance and

rehabilitation

� Global Sikh Malaysia – health assistance and rehabilitation

� AMAN Malaysia – rehabilitation and reconstruction

� St. John Ambulance – medical assistance

� Force of Nature – fund

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REHABILITATION

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4. Rehabilitation

� To address the immediate needs of the affected communities � National Disaster Relief Fund

� To reconstruct essential utilities, services and houses

� Medical and health care for victims

� To address the issue of economic well being of affected communities

� Reconstruction and Resettlement of Houses destroyed during tsunami and flood

70

THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERMANENT HOUSES THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERMANENT HOUSES IN KOTA KUALA MUDA, KEDAHIN KOTA KUALA MUDA, KEDAH

Permanent Houses

71

Repair works at the affected areaRepair works at the affected area(Location: (Location: SeberangSeberang PeraiPerai Utara & Daerah Barat Utara & Daerah Barat DayaDaya, Penang), Penang)

BEFORE AFTER

Repair WorksRepair Works

72

Transitional HousesTransitional Houses Transitional Houses

(Location: Kota Kuala (Location: Kota Kuala MudaMuda, Kedah & Daerah , Kedah & Daerah TimurTimur LautLaut, Penang), Penang)

73

The Way Forward

� To extend the development of the

specific disaster hazard mapping at a

larger scale

� To maximise the use of remote sensing

applications as important instruments

for societal well being of the nation

74

Conclusion

� Remote sensing and related

technologies are useful tools for Land

Use Planning and Disaster Management

� Collaboration between technology

provider agencies with disaster

management must be strengthen

75

THANK YOU