Disaster management cycle, mitigation and preparedness

Disaster managementPresentation by shivani

A disaster is a situation in which the community is incapable of coping. It is a natural or human-caused event which causes intense negative impacts on people, goods, services and/or the environment, exceeding the affected community’s capability to respond; therefore the community seeks the assistance of government and international agencies

Introduction

Mitigation: Measures put in place to minimize the results from a disaster. Examples: building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education.

Preparedness: Planning how to respond. Examples: preparedness plans; emergency exercises/training; warning systems.

Response: Initial actions taken as the event takes place. It involves efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster. Examples: evacuation; search and rescue; emergency relief.

Recovery: Returning the community to normal. Ideally, the affected area should be put in a condition equal to or better than it was before the disaster took place. Examples: temporary housing; grants; medical care.

Disaster management cycle

Stage 1

Structural mitigation – construction projects which reduce economic and social impacts i.e. dams, windbreaks, terracing and hazard resistant buildings.

Non-structural activities – policies and practices which raise awareness of hazards or encourage developments to reduce the impact of disasters

Stage 1: disaster mitigation

Reviewing building codes. Vulnerability analysis updates. Zoning and land-use management and

planning. Reviewing of building use regulations and

safety codes. Implementing preventative health

measures Political intervention and commitment Public awareness .

Mitigation include:

Hazard identification and vulnerability analysis.

Various mitigation strategies or measures-For instance, varieties of crops that are more wind, flood or drought resistant can often be introduced in areas prone to floods, drought and cyclones, Economic diversification.

Strategies

Investment in infrastructure to support sustainable socioeconomic development

Investment in infrastructure for reconstruction and recovery.

i. A backup generator is available in case of power failure and that a battery-operated radio .

ii. A backup copy of all critical informationiii. The preliminary design should take into consideration

the prevalent hazards and methods to avoid or to minimize the effects of the extreme natural events.

iv. Strengthening vulnerable areas such as roofs, exterior doors, windows, and garage doors

Disaster Mitigation and Infrastructure

Disasters set back development programming, destroying years of development initiatives.

Rebuilding after a disaster provides significant opportunities to initiate development programmes

Development programmes can increase an area’s susceptibility to disasters

Development programmes can be designed to decrease the susceptibility to disasters and their negative consequences

Disaster and development

Partnership-close collaboration among donors, governments, communities, nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and universities

Flexibility-. Development agencies must be efficient and flexible; adaptable to local environments and capable of adjusting to changing conditions and seizing opportunities when they arise.

Selectivity-resources are the public asset that must be invested prudently to achieve maximum impact.

Development initiatives for countries faced with disasters.

Phase 2

Preparedness measures include:I. Preparedness plans �II. Emergency exercises/trainingIII. Warning systems �IV. Emergency communications systems � �V. Evacuations plans and training �VI. Resource inventories Emergency �VII. personnel/contact list.VIII. Mutual aid agreements�IX. Public information/education �

Phase II: Preparedness

Emergency training

Develop and test warning systems regularly and plan measures to be taken during a disaster alert period to minimize potential loss of life and physical damage.

Educate and train officials and the population at �risk to respond to the disaster.

Train first-aid and emergency response teams.� Establish emergency response policies, �

standards, organizational arrangements and operational plans to be followed by emergency workers and other response entities after a disaster.

Important areas:

It forms the action plan to be implemented before, during and after disasters.

The IFRCRCS( International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) defines risk reduction as physical measures to reduce the vulnerability and exposure of infrastructure to natural hazards as well and to provide coping and adaptive infrastructure in case of a disaster event.

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)

Policy, planning and capacity building in �disaster management

Physical prevention; example, building �sea-walls against storm surge or flood shelters during flood events

Capacity building at institutional and �systemic level in disaster preparedness .

continued provision of food, potable water and health care.

DRR recommendations for countries which do not have a robust disaster preparedness plan:

EOP allows the community to respond to threats.

engages responders in the short-term recovery

must be flexible to be valuable in real and potential emergencies.

It doesn’t include the administrative plan , the mitigation strategy, the long term recovery or the Standard Operational procedures.

The Emergency Operation Plan (EOP)

Structure of EOP consists of promulgation/broadcast statement signed by the Chief Executive Officer authorizing the Plan; description of the planning process, abstract of contents, implementation; table of contents; instructions about the use of the Plan; purpose of its sections, and its distribution

Cont…

Functional Annexes- provide specific information and direction on operations and the roles and responsibilities to be performed by responders.

Exercising the EOP- by having response agencies exercise them. The exercises carried out involve preparatory training that helps orient staff to the procedures that they may be required to know, to function during a disaster.

Publicizing the Plan- Completed EOPs are published and made public to communities and through the use of public awareness programmes.

Cont…

Involving women in mitigation planning and taking final decisions by involving women decision.

Offering children the opportunity to participate more fully in disaster situations.

Mainstreaming Child Protection and Gender in Emergency Planning

http://www.col.org/sitecollectiondocuments/disaster_management_version_1.0.pdf

References

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