5/12/2018 1 Disability Sports: From Rehabilitation to Paralympics – the Evolving Nature of Classification Systems A/Prof Jagdish Maharaj DSM, DCH, MPH, MMed, FAFRM (RACP) Hon, PhD Head of Classification, IPC Sports Technical Committee IPC International Classifier for Athletics and Shooting Treasurer, Oceania Paralympic Committee Founding President, Fiji Paralympic Committee • Stoke Mandeville Spinal Injury Rehabilitation • Beginnings of Paralympic Movement • Evolution of Classification in Paralympics • Medical Classification • Functional Classification • Sport specific Classification • Classification research • Future of Paralympic Classification Overview
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Disability Sports:From Rehabilitation to Paralympics – the Evolving Nature of Classification Systems
• IWAS was formed in 2005 by a merger of the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF) (which was formerly known as the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF) and the International Sports Federation of the Disabled (ISOD). ISOD had been founded by the International War Veterans Association in 1964
IWAS (2005) = ISMWSF (ISMGF) (1952) + ISOD (1964)
Four International Sports Organisations for the Disabled
Medical Classification – beginning to 1980s
Consisted of –
Medical evaluation and diagnosis of impairment
As an example - low spinal cord injury and double
above knee amputee with similar activity limitation
will compete in different ‘medical’ classes
When views on disabled (patient)/athlete shifted from
a form of rehabilitation the classification system
changed from medical diagnosis to functional ability
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•Amputee
•Cerebral Palsy
•Intellectual Disability
•Wheelchair
•Visually Impaired
•Les Autres (Others)
Medical Classification- six disability groups
Classification in sports
•Paralympic Sports aims to minimise the impact of impairment on outcome of competition
•Classification groups different types and severity of impairments to allow for comparable competition
•Classification to minimise the impact characteristics such as body weight, gender & age have on outcome of competition exists in many sports
10.2.1 International Sport Federations must develop sports-specific Classification Systems through multidisciplinary scientific research. Such research must be evidence-based and focus on the relationship between Impairment and key performance determinants. Athlete input must be solicited to assist in research and improvement in Classification Systems.
10.2.2 Classification research must comply with internationally recognised ethical standards and research practices.
Evidence-based Classification
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In January 2013 the IPC Governing Board approved the
concept of Classification Research & Development Centres,
which aims ”to develop methods of evidence-based
classification systems through a strategic long-term research
and development program that will guide the sport-specific
classification procedures for sports on the Paralympic Games
programme, and to develop assessment tools and methods”
IPC Classification Research
IPC signed agreements with three universities that became
official IPC Classification Research & Development Centres
University of Queensland (Brisbane, Australia)
Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium)
Free University of Amsterdam (Netherlands)
IPC Classification Research Centres
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Classification Research
Evidence Based Classification
Current research at University of Queensland
Standardized objective measurements
London to Rio to Tokyo
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•Current Classes SH1 & SH2
•Participate in Pistol & Rifle events
Classifications under development • Clay Target Para Trap introduced 2017