DIS-EASE Understanding the causes, symptoms, progression, and treatment of disease allows us to better protect and care for our bodies.

DIS-EASEDIS-EASEUnderstanding the causes, Understanding the causes,

symptoms, progression, and symptoms, progression, and treatment of disease allows us to treatment of disease allows us to

better protect and care for our better protect and care for our bodies.bodies.

Non-communicable Diseases – Non-communicable Diseases – p.673-694p.673-694

Journal Entry:Journal Entry:

What is a non-communicable What is a non-communicable disease?disease?

Name 5 diseases that fit this Name 5 diseases that fit this category.category.

What are 5 risk factors that you can What are 5 risk factors that you can control to prevent these diseases?control to prevent these diseases?

(See Charts on p679 & p683)(See Charts on p679 & p683)

Non-Infectious DiseasesNon-Infectious Diseases Things I can NOT ControlThings I can NOT Control

HeredityHeredity EthnicityEthnicity GenderGender AgeAge Environment – smog, stressEnvironment – smog, stress

Factors I can Control Factors I can Control ActivityActivity DietDiet Smoking, Drug UseSmoking, Drug Use Positive AttitudePositive Attitude Stress Reduction; Sleep Stress Reduction; Sleep

DirectionsDirections

Make a card game (matching-type) which will help your Make a card game (matching-type) which will help your classmates review the diseases covered in classclassmates review the diseases covered in class

Be sure to cover the following points:Be sure to cover the following points:

Prevention – Self-CarePrevention – Self-CareCause(s) - TransmissionCause(s) - Transmission

SymptomsSymptomsProgressionProgression

Treatment(s)Treatment(s)Outcome(s)Outcome(s)

Include lots of good information on the diseaseInclude lots of good information on the diseaseBreak the information down into small, manageable Break the information down into small, manageable

pieces.pieces.

Non-Communicable Non-Communicable DiseasesDiseases 1. Diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 - p.6911. Diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 - p.691

2. Cancer - lymphoma, leukemia, sarcoma - p.681-6872. Cancer - lymphoma, leukemia, sarcoma - p.681-687

3. Skin Cancer - Melanoma, Carcinoma - p.362-3653. Skin Cancer - Melanoma, Carcinoma - p.362-365

4. Arthritis, Rheumatoid & Osteo - p.693-44. Arthritis, Rheumatoid & Osteo - p.693-4

5. Cardio-vascular Disease, p.674-6805. Cardio-vascular Disease, p.674-680 Stroke, Embolism, Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure, Stroke, Embolism, Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure,

Atherosclerosis, Varicose Veins, AnemiaAtherosclerosis, Varicose Veins, Anemia

6. Nervous System – p.406-6. Nervous System – p.406- Alzheimers, Parkinson’s, Lou Gehrig’s (ALS), Hodgkin’s, Multiple Alzheimers, Parkinson’s, Lou Gehrig’s (ALS), Hodgkin’s, Multiple

Sclerosis, Epilepsy, Cerebral Palsy, spinal injuriesSclerosis, Epilepsy, Cerebral Palsy, spinal injuries

7. Respiratory Diseases, p.433, p.635-6377. Respiratory Diseases, p.433, p.635-637 Asthma, Emphysema, Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, allergiesAsthma, Emphysema, Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, allergies

8. Mouth, Eyes, Ears, p.367-3798. Mouth, Eyes, Ears, p.367-379 Gingivitis, Dental caries, PlaqueGingivitis, Dental caries, Plaque Glaucoma, Cataracts, Conjunctivitis, Macular DegenerationGlaucoma, Cataracts, Conjunctivitis, Macular Degeneration Tinnitus, Hearing LossTinnitus, Hearing Loss

General Cancer Terms (p 681)General Cancer Terms (p 681) CancerCancer - uncontrolled overgrowth of cells - uncontrolled overgrowth of cells CarcinogenCarcinogen - cancer-causing agent - cancer-causing agent TumorTumor – mass of cell overgrowth = lump – mass of cell overgrowth = lump BenignBenign - slow-growing, contained - slow-growing, contained MalignantMalignant - growing rapidly & spreading - growing rapidly & spreading PolypPolyp – small growth of cells that could – small growth of cells that could

turn into cancerturn into cancer MetastasisMetastasis - spread to other parts of body - spread to other parts of body BiopsyBiopsy - tiny tissue sample for lab analysis - tiny tissue sample for lab analysis RemissionRemission - cancer not detectable - cancer not detectable

Types of CancerTypes of Cancer CarcinomaCarcinoma – skin and mucous membranes – skin and mucous membranes

(includes glands & body linings)(includes glands & body linings)

SarcomaSarcoma - bone, muscle, ligaments - bone, muscle, ligaments (connective or supportive tissue)(connective or supportive tissue)

MelanomaMelanoma - aggressive form of skin cancer - aggressive form of skin cancer (Malignant – spreads fast)(Malignant – spreads fast)

LymphomaLymphoma – the lymph system (immune – the lymph system (immune system)system)

LeukemiaLeukemia – cancer of the blood-forming – cancer of the blood-forming organsorgans

Treatment for CancerTreatment for Cancer

RadiationRadiation – radioactive rays – radioactive rays

ChemotherapyChemotherapy – medicines – – medicines – chemicalschemicals

SurgerySurgery – removes cancerous tissue – removes cancerous tissue

ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy – boost immune system – boost immune system

Hormone therapyHormone therapy – medicines interfere – medicines interfere with hormone productionwith hormone production

Risk Factors for CancerRisk Factors for Cancer

Exposure to carcinogensExposure to carcinogens

Tobacco Tobacco

Diet (fat, red meats, charcoal grilled)Diet (fat, red meats, charcoal grilled)

Radiation – sun, x-raysRadiation – sun, x-rays

C A U T I O N C A U T I O N (memorize)(memorize)

CC Change in bowel habits Change in bowel habits AA A sore that does not healA sore that does not heal UU Unusual bleeding or dischargeUnusual bleeding or discharge

uterus, bladder, bowels, nipple, with coughinguterus, bladder, bowels, nipple, with coughing

TT Thickening or a lumpThickening or a lump II Indigestion or difficulty swallowingIndigestion or difficulty swallowing OO Obvious change in wart or moleObvious change in wart or mole NN Nagging cough or hoarsenessNagging cough or hoarseness

ABC’s for Skin MolesABC’s for Skin Moles

AA AsymmetryAsymmetry – can’t divide evenly– can’t divide evenly

BB BorderBorder – uneven– uneven

CC Color Color – several colors– several colors

DD Diameter Diameter – larger than pencil – larger than pencil erasereraser

EE ElevationElevation – raised– raised

DiabetesDiabeteskills the cells of the bodykills the cells of the body

Type 1 Diabetes - “Childhood”Type 1 Diabetes - “Childhood” Insulin-producing cells in pancreas are destroyedInsulin-producing cells in pancreas are destroyed High amounts of sugar in bloodHigh amounts of sugar in blood Damage to eyes, kidneys, nerves, heartDamage to eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart

Type 2 Diabetes – “late-onset”Type 2 Diabetes – “late-onset” 90-95% of all cases90-95% of all cases After age 40 – epidemic, affecting younger agesAfter age 40 – epidemic, affecting younger ages Unable to make enough insulin or use it properlyUnable to make enough insulin or use it properly High blood sugar = same symptoms/problemsHigh blood sugar = same symptoms/problems

DiabetesDiabeteskills the cells of the bodykills the cells of the body

Outcomes Outcomes AmputationAmputation Death of organsDeath of organs

Signs/ Risk FactorsSigns/ Risk Factors

http://images.google.com/images?http://images.google.com/images?sourceid=navclient&rls=SUNA,SUNA:sourceid=navclient&rls=SUNA,SUNA:2006-2006-11,SUNA:en&q=diabetes+symptoms11,SUNA:en&q=diabetes+symptoms&um=1&ie=UTF-&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=Xjz7SeqpJKSCtgOG0pnqAQ&sa8&ei=Xjz7SeqpJKSCtgOG0pnqAQ&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&resnum=X&oi=image_result_group&resnum=4&ct=title=4&ct=title

DiabetesDiabetes

Prevention & TreatmentPrevention & Treatment

Diet low in fat, calories & cholesterolDiet low in fat, calories & cholesterol

Increase physical activityIncrease physical activity

Control weightControl weight

Oral medications or insulin injectionsOral medications or insulin injections

Osteoarthritis - AdultsOsteoarthritis - Adults

Possible CausesPossible Causes GeneticsGenetics LifestyleLifestyle Food allergiesFood allergies

Risk FactorsRisk Factors OverweightOverweight Joint injuriesJoint injuries Poor dietPoor diet Lack of exerciseLack of exercise Over age 40Over age 40

JuvenileJuvenileRheumatoid ArthritisRheumatoid Arthritis

CAUSESCAUSES Immune system attacks body’s cellsImmune system attacks body’s cells InheritedInherited

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS Stiff, Swollen jointsStiff, Swollen joints Fatigue – extreme tirednessFatigue – extreme tiredness Weight lossWeight loss Fever and painFever and pain

Cardio-Vascular Diseases, Cardio-Vascular Diseases, p674p674

1. Hypertension1. Hypertension – high blood pressure – high blood pressure

2. Atherosclerosis2. Atherosclerosis – fat build up in vessels – fat build up in vessels

3. Angina pectoris3. Angina pectoris - chest pain, not enough - chest pain, not enough oxygenoxygen

4. Arrhythmias4. Arrhythmias – Irregular heartbeats - fibrillation – Irregular heartbeats - fibrillation

5.Heart Attack5.Heart Attack – heart muscle destroyed – heart muscle destroyed

6. Stroke6. Stroke – brain – vessel blockage or rupture – brain – vessel blockage or rupture

7. Embolism7. Embolism – blockage of artery (pulmonary) – blockage of artery (pulmonary)

8. Varicose veins8. Varicose veins – pooling of blood; weak ‘flaps’ – pooling of blood; weak ‘flaps’

Heart AttackHeart AttackWarning SignsWarning Signs

Pressure, fullness, squeezing or Pressure, fullness, squeezing or aching in the chest areaaching in the chest area

Discomfort spreading to arms, neck, Discomfort spreading to arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen and backjaw, upper abdomen and back

Chest discomfort WITH shortness of Chest discomfort WITH shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, breath, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomitingnausea, and vomiting

Diagnostic ToolsDiagnostic Tools EKGEKG

Graph of electrical activity of heartGraph of electrical activity of heart

MRIMRI Powerful magnets create images of Powerful magnets create images of

internal organsinternal organs

Radionuclide ImagingRadionuclide Imaging Radio-active solution injected into blood Radio-active solution injected into blood

shows on computer screen as it passes shows on computer screen as it passes through the heartthrough the heart

Treatment: C-V DiseasesTreatment: C-V Diseases1. Coronary Bypass1. Coronary Bypass

Vein replaces blocked arteryVein replaces blocked artery

2. Angioplasty2. Angioplasty Tube with a balloon is inflated to open artery Tube with a balloon is inflated to open artery

walls.walls.

3. Medications3. Medications Drugs lower cholesterol, slow blood clotting, and Drugs lower cholesterol, slow blood clotting, and

maintain fluid balance (diuretics) maintain fluid balance (diuretics)

4. Pacemaker4. Pacemaker Small device sends electrical impulses so heart Small device sends electrical impulses so heart

beats regularlybeats regularly

EyesEyes

Glaucoma:Glaucoma: High pressure in the eye High pressure in the eye damages the retina and optic nerve with damages the retina and optic nerve with loss of sight.loss of sight.

Cataracts:Cataracts: lens becomes cloudy creating lens becomes cloudy creating blurry or foggy visionblurry or foggy vision

Macular DegenerationMacular Degeneration – Light-sensing – Light-sensing cells stop working. Leading cause of cells stop working. Leading cause of blindness over age 60.blindness over age 60.

Care & Prevention - EyesCare & Prevention - Eyes

Good Diet with Vitamin A Good Diet with Vitamin A

ProtectionProtection Safety gogglesSafety goggles Sunglasses - don’t look at sunSunglasses - don’t look at sun

Eye exams – locate problemsEye exams – locate problems

Rest eyes regularly – every 10 Rest eyes regularly – every 10 minutesminutes

EarsEars

Tinnitis Tinnitis – ringing, buzzing, hissing, – ringing, buzzing, hissing, roaring, or other sounds within earroaring, or other sounds within ear

Hearing Loss/DeafnessHearing Loss/Deafness HeredityHeredity Loud Noises – damage nervesLoud Noises – damage nerves

see chart on decibel levels – p.770see chart on decibel levels – p.770

Approximate Decibel LevelsApproximate Decibel Levels .60 Normal conversation, sewing machine.60 Normal conversation, sewing machine

.90 Lawnmower, shop tools.90 Lawnmower, shop tools

.100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, .100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, snowmobile; snowmobile; (2 hours/day maximum)(2 hours/day maximum)

.115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert.115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert

(15 min/day maximum)(15 min/day maximum)

.140 Gun shot, jet engine.140 Gun shot, jet engine

(causes pain; even brief exposure (causes pain; even brief exposure injures unprotected ears) injures unprotected ears)

TeethTeeth PlaquePlaque

Sticky film Sticky film Destroys tooth enamel Destroys tooth enamel Irritates gumsIrritates gums

TartarTartar Plaque that has hardened on the teethPlaque that has hardened on the teeth

GingivitisGingivitis Inflamed gums when bacteria develop Inflamed gums when bacteria develop

under plaque (bleeding gums)under plaque (bleeding gums) Can result in bone loss around teethCan result in bone loss around teeth

Teeth: Care & PreventionTeeth: Care & Prevention1. Regular visits to dentist1. Regular visits to dentist

2. Brush away plaque daily2. Brush away plaque daily

3. Floss between teeth3. Floss between teeth

4. Massage gums4. Massage gums

5. Well-balanced diet5. Well-balanced diet Phosphorus, calcium, Vitamin CPhosphorus, calcium, Vitamin C Avoid sugary foodsAvoid sugary foods