Direction of Proposals for New Edition (E3) of ISO/IEC 11179 XMDR Working Group Presentation to SC 32/WG 2 meeting September, 2005 Toronto, Canada.

Direction of Proposals forNew Edition (E3) of ISO/IEC 11179

XMDR Working Group

Presentation to SC 32/WG 2 meeting

September, 2005Toronto, Canada

Page 2XMDR Presentation

Where have we been? Where are we now?…& where are we planning to go?

System manuals

Data dictionaries

11179 E1

11179 E3

Term

inolo

gies,

onto

logie

s, e

tc.

XML & related standards

Semantic grids

11179 E2

Semantics management for data

Semantics services (SSOA)

Complex semantics management

Data engineering/XML Data

Data Standards/Data Administration

XMDR Project


Improvements in Semantic Management Technology

SemanticsManagement

Code sets 11179 (E1) 11179 (E2) 11179 (E3) …--------------------------------------------------------------------- 20943 & 19763 & 20944 24707


The semantics challenge has evolved

Computer Era: 3rd Generation Languages - Challenge: Automated Data Processing – convert paper data systems to automated systems and improve processing. Coded data to save memory, disk & tape.

• Began to identify data with meaningful names – Data naming methods were innovative and helpful

• Described data using unstructured text in manuals and/or with comments embedded in software– Only visible & useful to programmers

• Text/documents were not computerized (remember typewriters, stencils, mimeographs, carbon paper?)

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 14 developed standard code sets (valid values)

• Focus: Nomenclature for data only



Computer Era: Early DBMS, 4th GL query systems, word processing - Challenge: Manage data – schema integration, eliminate “bit-twiddling”

• Document data in data dictionaries, software packages usually linked to a DBMS. Enforce “integrity constraints (e.g., valid values)”. Use “description” field to describe data

• Manage data life cycle– Standard code sets (valid values) were useful, but difficult

to manage – tended to be left behind by programming changes required to keep up with real world changes.

– Data naming methods failed to achieve interoperation of content between applications and between organizations, but remain useful as human friendly identifiers

SC 14 began to develop methodology for data element standardization 11179 Edition 1 - Part 3, written in text, had ~15 attributes for data elements (editor-Netherlands)

• Focus on standards for data elements



Computer Era: DBMS, query systems, word processing - challenge: Manage data – DBMS schema integration, data quality (continued)

• Began to model data and processes Modeling standards became useful, ERD, NIAM, UML

• Word processing began to capture text documents• Keywords, glossaries, thesauri, and taxonomies became “machine

readable”, but were treated as documents and were used manually

SC 14 Developed methodology for data element standardization• 11179 (E1) Parts 4 & 5 covered data definitions and names.• Part 6 covered registration• Part 2 WD suggested development of a global taxonomy, then

changed to specify classification attributes (term, definition & identifier) in Part 2 (E1)

• All parts of 11179 were written in text. • Focus on managing data elements and classification of data elements



Computer Era: Maturing Relational DBMS, Metadata Registries, XML, early WWW - challenge: Manage metadata, use terminology for data integration, data interoperability, data provenance, XML schema integration

SC 14 -> SC 32/WG 2. Developed 11179 Edition 2:• Broadened from data elements to management of all

“administered items”. • 11179 theme became “metadata registries” • Part 3 was expressed as a metamodel. • Part 3 included a “classification scheme region” (nodes &

relationships) to improve semantics management – Link terms in definitions and valid values to terms and definitions in

vocabularies and terminologies– Align concepts used in data with concepts used in text– Use computers to create and manage terminologies, thesauri,

taxonomies• Part 2 (E2) restated the classification scheme region attributes

from Part 3. (All Part 2 E1 attributes were included in Part 3 (E2)).• Focus on semantics for data and text



Computer Era: WWW, Concept systems, XMDR - challenge: Semantics management & semantics Services

SC 32/WG 2 developing 11179 (E3). Proposals are made to extend semantics management and semantics services for MDR


ISO/IEC 11179 MDR Standard Goals

• Used to record and link:– Data elements– Data element concepts– Conceptual Domains– Value Domains: e.g, enumerated value domains– Classification Schemes– …..

• Goal:– To record the unambiguous meaning of data

• Human understandable semantics: Current paradigm is natural language definitions

• For E3: Machine “Understandable”: Formal definitions (and axioms). Machine “understandable” in sense that computer can make use of concept systems for processing


Advanced 11179 E3 Use Scenario

A User is concerned about a specific type of cancer• Wants to discover any documents on the web (reliable and

unreliable sources) about the disease, causes, treatment, victims, and researchers

• Wants to link concepts and individuals found in text to metadata and data in databases (where metadata/data relate to the concepts/individuals)

• Wants to find relevant information where the terms used for the concepts vary: by regions, disciplines, scientific nomenclature, vernacular usage, language, and names of individuals.

• Want to find information that is related through generalization and specialization and other relationships.

• Note: No assumption of federation or central control over data and text generation. However, well managed concept systems and metadata (e.g., data definitions) help.


Finding Hidden Information

Goose Duck

Waterfowl

DuckGoose

Waterfowl


Object ClassChemopreventive

Agent

PropertyNSCNumber

Conceptual DomainAgent

Data Element ConceptChemopreventive Agent

NSC Number

Data ElementChemopreventive Agent Name

Value DomainNSC Code

ContextcaCORE

RepresentationCode

Cla

ss

ific

ati

on

Sc

he

me

sc

aD

SR

Tra

inin

g

Valid ValuesCyclooxygenase Inhibitor

DoxercalciferolEflornithine

…Ursodiol

*Concept Use and Integrationwith 11179 Part 3, Edition 2


Semantic Management Extensions Goals for Edition 3

• Sharable data that can easily be identified, shared, integrated, and made interoperable across information systems and organizations (a continuing challenge)– Unambiguous metadata characteristics to register

semantic, syntactic and lexical information about data and text• Human AND machine “understandable”

• Maintain backward compatibility with 11179 (E2) implementations.

• Registration and management of any semantic information useful for administering and managing the content of data and text


Semantic Management Extensions Goals for Edition 3

• Specify disciplined way to manage linkage of concept systems (KOS) to administered items.

• Improve the linkage of concept systems to data and text• Enable users to find correspondences between concepts in

text and in data, where these are found in dispersed documents and databases. Concepts may be given linguistic expression with terms that vary by synonymy, discipline, region, language, etc.

• Registration of semantics to facilitate concept (and data) mapping, inference, aggregation

• Manage metadata for not only DBMS & XML schemas, but also for knowledge bases, concept systems, …


Semantic Management Extensions Goals for Edition 3 (Continued)

• Manage both data life cycle and ontology life cycle• Help to harmonize ontologies• Manage metamodels, reference ontologies & local

ontologies• Restate Part 3 as an ontology and in Common Logic to

enable use in Semantics technologies (Semantic Web, inference engines, reasoners, …).

• Restate Part 3 using MOF• 11179 registries provide support for ISO/IEC 19763.• Specify semantics services for a semantics service

oriented architecture. Enabler for semantic computing, semantic agents, semantic grids.– Semantic services needed for semantic web and semantic grids to

become part of ISO/IEC 20944.


XMDR Intentions

• We want to try capture existing thesauri, terminologies, ontologies as sources for the semantic specification of data elements to be used in databases, XML documents, messages, etc.

• We want to incorporate more formal semantic specifications (e.g., ontologies, formal statements (axioms, sentences, ...)) to permit more precise semantic specifications (cf. to natural language definitions).

• We want to incorporate formal semantic specifications to facilitate machine processing of semantic specifications, e.g., by inference engines, agents, etc. Such machine processing of semantic specifications can be used in support of federated database access, web service identification and coordination, agent-based computations, etc.

• We want to provide a framework for the registration, harmonization, evolution and standardization of ontologies.


Conceptual vs. Information CentricMetadata Standards

Ontology Standards:OWL, KIF, CL, ...

Terminology Standards

Connections ???

Conceptual Level

OMG Standards:MOF, CWM, UML

Information ArtifactsMetadata


Space of Metadata Standards

OMG Standards:MOF, UML,

CWM

TerminologyStandards

Ontology Standards:

OWL, KIF, CL, XTM,

....

MMF &ISO/IEC 11179

Edition 3 Metadata Registry

Standards

About information artifacts:data elements, schemas, UML models, ...

Conceptual modelsof the “real world”

ISO/IEC 11179 connects both conceptual models and information artifacts.


ISO/IEC 11179 Metadata Registry Standard

• Connects both:

– Conceptual models of the real world:• Concepts, data element concepts, classification

schemes• Terminologies, taxonomies, ontologies

– Information Artifacts• Data elements, enumerated values, ...• UML models (e.g., in caDSR)


SEMANTICS US“ ”

Direction of Proposals for New Edition (E3) of ISO/IEC 11179 XMDR Working Group Presentation to SC 32/WG 2 meeting September, 2005 Toronto, Canada.

Documents

data quality

coded data

automated data processing

paper data systems

data element standardization

classification of data

data schema integration

covered data definitions