Diploma in Civil Syllabus

THE INDIAN INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS ( IIE) DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 1

The Indian Institution of Engineers

Detailed Syllabus of

Technician Engineering

Civil (Part-2)


Evolution Scheme:

Maximum Time: 3 Hrs., Minimum Aggregate Pass Marks: 50% Passing Marks Per Subject 40%

Theory Paper 100 Marks

Section A 5 Questions 5 marks each 25 Marks

Section B 3 Questions 10 Marks each 30 Marks

Section C 3 Questions 15 Marks Each 45 Marks

Subjects Subject

Code Subject Name Total Marks

CL-2.1 Surveying 100

CL-2.2 Fluid Mechanics 100

CL-2.3 Building Construction 100

CL-2.4 Soil and foundation engineering 100

CL-2.5 Transportation Engineering 100

CL-2.6 Strength of Material 100

CL-2.7 Civil Engineering Drawing 100

CL-2.8 Structural Machines 100

CL-2.9 Concrete Technology 100

CL-2.10 Construction Material 100

CL-2.11 Earth quake resistant building construction 100

CL-2.12 Civil Engineering drawing 100

CL-2.13 Steel Structure design 100

CL-2.14 Irrigation Engineering 100

CL-2.15 Estimating & Costing 100

CL-2.16 Environmental Engineering / Health Engineering 100

CL-2.17 Elements of RCC Design 100

CL-2.18 Theory of Structure 100


CL-2.1 SURVEYING

1. SURVEYING (-

1.2 Introduction

1.3 Define Surveying

1.4 Plane and Geodetic Surveying

1.5 Scale of map

1.6 Principles Of surveying

1.7 Classification Of surveying

1.8 Errors In surveying Works

1.9 Temporary adjustment and permanent adjustment.

2. TAPE (CHAIN) MEASURMENT (-2)

2.1 Type of chain

2.2 Accessories of chain

2.3 Ranging

2.4 Chaining

3. COMPASS SURVEYEING (--3)

3.1 Types of compass

3.2 Some basic definitions

3.3 Temporary adjustment of compass

3.4 Local attraction

3.5 Whole circle bearing

3.6 Fore bearing

3.7 Relation between fore bearing and whole bearing

3.8 Included angles

3.9 Calculation of bearing of subsequent lines from included angle

4. LEVELLING : 4.1 Definitions 4.2 Level surface 4.3 Level line 4.4 Horizontal line 4.5 Vertical line 4.6 Mean sea level 4.7 Reduced level 4.8 Names and function of different parts of - 4.9 Dumpy level


4.10 Tilting level 4.11 Difference in dumpy and tilting level. 4.12 Internal and external focusing telescope 4.13 Temporary adjustments of dumpy and tilting level 4.14 Levelling staff

4.14.1 Self reading 4.14.2 Telescope staff 4.14.3 Target staff

4.15 Reading a levelling staff 4.16 Levelling with dumpy and tilting levels

4.16.1 Taking observations 4.16.2 Recording in a level book.

4.17 Calculation of R.L. 4.17.1 Height of instrument method 4.17.2 Rise and fall method 4.17.3 Arithmetical checks

4.18 Types of levelling 4.18.1 Fly levelling 4.18.2 Differential levelling 4.18.3 Profile levelling 4.18.4 Reciprocal levelling 4.18.5 Precise levelling

4.19 Effect of curvature and refraction in levelling and their corrections. 4.20 Permanent adjustment

4.20.1 Dumpy level 4.20.2 Tilting level

5. CONTOURING:

5.1 Concept 5.2 Purpose of contouring 5.3 Contour interval 5.4 Horizontal equivalent 5.5 Factors affecting contour interval 5.6 Characteristics of contours 5.7 Methods of contouring - direct and indirect 5.8 Uses of contour maps

6. MINOR INSTRUMENTS (--6)

6.1 Study and use of

6.2 Hand level 6.3 Abney level 6.4 Clinometer 6.5 Plan meter


6.6 Pantographs 6.7 Sextant 6.8 Cylonghat tracer

7 THEODOLITE 7.2 Introduction 7.3 Different parts of a vernier transit theodolite 7.4 Temporary adjustment 7.5 Transiting 7.6 Swinging 7.7 Measurement of horizontal angle 7.8 Measurement of vertical angle 8 TRAVERSE 8.2 Types- open and closed traverse 8.3 Methods of traversing 8.4 Latitude and departure 8.5 Balancing the traverse 8.5.1 Bowditchs rule 8.5.2 Transit rule

9 TACHEOMETRY SURVEYING 9.2 General introduction and calculation methods 9.3 Annalitic lens 9.4 Errors in tachometry surveying

10 TRIGNOMETRICAL LEVELLING 10.2 Determination of height and distance of a point 10.2.1 Base accessible 10.2.2 Base inaccessible

11 CURVES 11.2 Introduction and types of curves 11.3 Classification of circular curves 11.4 Vertical curves its types 11.5 Transition curves and its types

12 PLANE TABLE SURVEYING : Description and uses of plane table and its accessories Advantages of plane table surveying Centering, levelling and orientation of plane table Radiation Intersections Traversing Resection Two point problems


Three point problems Errors in plane tabling

13 MODERN INSTRUMENTS

EDM (electronic distance measurement)

Total station& Wild distomat

AUTOMATIC LEVEL


CL-2.2 FLUID MECHANICS 1. Introduction : 1.1 Introduction concepts

1.1.1 Fluids and solids 1.1.2 Liquid, gas and vapour

1.2 Fluid mechanics 1.2.1 Kinematics 1.2.2 Dynamics

1.3 Fluid properties 1.3.1 Density 1.3.2 Specific volume 1.3.3 Specific gravity 1.3.4 Viscosity

1.3.4.1 Newton's law of viscosity 1.3.4.2 Dynamic and Kinematic viscosity

1.3.5 Compressibility 1.3.6 Surface tension - soap bubble, drop 1.3.7 Capillarity 1.3.8 Vapour pressure and its importance

2. Fluid Pressure and its Measurement : 2.1 Definition and its units 2.2 Pascal's law

2.2.1 Intensity of pressure at a point in fluid at rest 2.2.2 Pressure head

2.3 Pressure 2.3.1 Atmospheric pressure 2.3.2 Gauge pressure 2.3.3 Vacuum pressure 2.3.4 Absolute pressure 2.3.5 Differentials pressure

2.4 Law of hydrostatic pressure 2.5 Brahma's press 2.6 Pressure measurement

2.6.1 Manometers 2.6.1.1 Piezometer - its limitation 2.6.1.2 U-tube - simple, differential, inverted 2.6.1.3 Micro-manometers 2.6.1.4 Inclined tube micro-manometers

2.6.2 Mechanical gauge 2.6.2.1 Bourdon gauge 2.6.2.2 Bellow gauge 2.6.2.3 Diaphragm gauge


2.6.2.4 Dead weight gauge 3. Hydrostatics : 3.1 Total pressure 3.2 Centre of pressure 3.3 Total pressure and center of pressure in following cases

3.3.1 Plane surface immersed horizontally 3.3.2 Plane surface immersed vertically 3.3.3 Plane surface immersed at an angle 3.3.4 Curved surface (no proof)

3.4 Working of lock gates, sluice gate 3.5 Pressure on masonry dams of rectangular and trapezoidal sections and their condition of stability 4. Hydrokinematics : 4.1 Description of fluid flow

4.1.1 Eular approach 4.1.2 Lagrangian approach

4.2 Definition of path line, stream line 4.3 Types of flow

4.3.1 Steady - Non steady 4.3.2 Uniform - Non uniform 4.3.3 Laminar - Turbulent 4.3.4 One, Two, Three dimensional flow

4.4 Continuity equation (no proof) : 4.4.1 Assumption 4.4.2 Rate of discharge 4.4.3 For one dimensional flow

5. Hydrodynamics and Measurement of Flow : 5.1 Energy of fluid - pressure, kinetic and potential 5.2 Bernoulli's theorem (no proof)

5.2.1 Assumptions and its limitation 5.2.2 Conversion of pressure into pressure head, velocity into kinetic head

5.3 Applications of Bernoulli's theorem 5.3.1 Pitot-tube 5.3.2 Venturimeter 5.3.3 Orificemeter

6. Orifices and Notches : 6.1 Definition and classification 6.2 Discharge through small orifices

6.2.1 Coefficient of contraction 6.2.2 Coefficient of velocity


6.2.3 Coefficient of discharge 6.2.4 Coefficient of resistance

6.3 Time of emptying a vessel of uniform cross section through an orifice at bottom. 6.4 Notches - Classification

6.4.1 Crest, Nappe 6.4.2 Difference between notch and weir

6.5 Flow over - 6.5.1 Triangular notch 6.5.2 Rectangular notch

REFERENCE BOOKS : 1. Fluid Mechanics & Machines Dr. Jagdish Lal 2. Fluid Mechanics & Machines Dr. R.K.Bansal 3. Fluid Mechanics & Machines R.S.Khurmi. 4. Hydraulics & Pneumatics H.L. Stewart.


CL-2.3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION (--1) 1.1Define Building 1.2Classification of building based on occupancy 1.3Explanation of different parts of building

2. BUILDING MATERIAL (--2) 2.1 Define building materials

2.2 Classification of building material 2.3 Objective of building material.

3. FOUNDATION (--3) 3.1 Concept of foundation 3.2 Factors affecting selection of foundation 3.3 Definition and importance of bearing capacity 3.4 Types of foundation: shallow and deep 3.5 Causes of failure of foundation

4. WALLS (--4) 4.1 Purpose of walls 4.2 Types of walls 4.3 Partition walls 4.4 Cavity walls

5. BRICK MASONARY (--5) 5.1 Definition related to brick masonry 5.2 Types of bonds 5.3 Construction of brick walls method of laying brick in walls.

6. STONE MASONARY (--6) 6.1 Definition related to stone masonry 6.2 Dressing of stone: hammer dressing and chisel dressing 6.3 General principles for construction of stone masonry 6.4 Different types of stone masonry

7. SCAFFOLDING, SHORING AND UNDERPINNING (--7) 7.1 Application of different types of shores and scaffolding 7.2 Meaning and need for underpinning

8. DAMPONESS AND ITS PREVENTION (--8) 8.1 Causes of dampness and principles of its prevention 8.2 Material commonly used for damp proofing 8.3 Damp proof course. 8.4 Anti termite treatment for building before and after construction.

9. BUILDINF BY LAWS (CHAPTTER-9) 9.1 study of building by laws as per 1256-1967 9.2 Terminology related to residential building, building permit occupancy, certificate, unsafe building, enforcement code, offence and penalties.


9.3 Health sanitation, and other requirement, means of access, open space requirements, plinth area, projections, covered area in residential plots. 9.4 Distance from electric line, plinth regulation, height regulations, lighting and ventilation, construction of water cosset.

10. SITE SELECTION (--10)

10.1Selection of site for a Building and building complex 10.2 Comparative study for sites way respect to local topography, flooding site access location. 10.3 Communication links with surrounding availability of water and electricity, prevailing wind, made up grounds, water table, trees etc.


CL-2.4 SOIL AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING 1.Introduction : 1.1 Introduction and scope of soil engineering 1.2 Origin and formation of soils 1.3 Major soil deposits of India 2. Fundamental Definitions and Relationships : 2.1 Representation of soil as a three phase system 2.2 Definition of moisture content, unit weights, density, and specific gravity, void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation and the relationship among them. 3. Classification of Soils : 3.1 Classification of soils as per particle size and plasticity chart according to IS specifications 3.2 Particle size distribution - Sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis 3.3 Consistency of soils 3.4 Field identification of soil 4. Permeability of Soils: 4.1 Definition of permeability and related terms 4.2 Darcy's law of flow through soils 4.3 Factors affecting permeability 4.4 Measurement of permeability in laboratory 4.5 Measurement of permeability in field 5. Compaction : 5.1 Process of compaction 5.2 Proctor's compaction test 5.3 Moisture content and density relationships 5.4 Factors affecting compaction 5.5 Different methods of compaction 5.6 Brief description of field compaction methods, equipments and suitability for different type of soils. 6. Consolidation : 6.1 Meaning and explanation of phenomena 6.2 Total stress, natural stress and effective stress 6.3 Measurement of compressibility characteristics 6.4 Consolidation test 6.5 Pressure void ratio relationship in consolidation 6.6 Practical methods of accelerating consolidation


6.7 Normally consolidated and over consolidated soil Shear strength : 7.1 Concept of shear strength 7.2 Factors contributing to shear strength of soils. 7.3 Drainage conditions of testing. 7.4 Determination of shearing strength by direct shear test, unconfined compression test, vane shear test. 8. Bearing Capacity : 8.1 Concept of bearing capacity 8.2 Terzaghi's beating capacity factors and bearing capacity as per IS code 8.3 Factors affecting bearing capacity. 8.4 Determining bearing capacity of soil by plate load test and SPT. 8.5 Methods of improving bearing capacity 9. Earth Pressures : 9.1 Active and passive earth pressure 9.2 Earth pressure at rest 9.3 Determination of earth pressure by Rankine's theory for cohesionless soil (No derivation) 10. Soil Exploration : 10.1 Functions and scope of soil exploration 10.2 Excavation and boring methods of sub-surface exploration 10.3 Types of samplers 10.4 Disturbed and undisturbed samples 10.5 Labelling, sealing and preservation of samples 1. Foundation Engineering

Concept of hollow and deep foundation; types of shallow foundations and their suitability;

Factors affecting the depth of shallow foundations; deep foundations, classification of piles

according to function and material;, installation of concrete piles (under reamed, bored,

compaced) and their suitability; load carrying capacity of piles; constructional features of

pile foundations, well foundation

REFERENCE BOOKS : 1. Soil Engg B.C. Punmmia 2. Basic Soil Engg. Dr. Alam Singh 3. Modern Geo- Technical Engg. Alam Singh 4. Soil and Foundation Engineering (Hindi) B.C. Punmia


CL-2.5 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING 1.Introduction : 1.1 Importance of highway transportation 1.2 Different modes of transportation 1.3 Scope of highway engineering 2. Highway Development and Planning : 2.1 Historical development of road construction 2.2 Necessity of highway planning 2.3 Classification of roads 2.4 Road pattern 2.5 Highway planning in India 3. Highway Geometric Design : 3.1 Highway alignment and basic consideration governing alignment for a road 3.2 Glossaries of terms used in road geometric and their importance 3.3 Highway cross section elements 3.4 Sight distances 3.5 Design of horizontal alignments 3.6 Design of vertical alignments 4. Traffic Engineering : 4.1 Scope of traffic engineering 4.2 Passenger car unit (PCU) 4.3 Traffic control devices - signs, signals, marking, traffic islands 4.4 Causes and precaution of road accidents 4.5 On street and off street parking 4.6 Highway lighting 5. Highway Materials : 5.1 Subgrade soil 5.1.1 Desirable properties 5.1.2 Highway research board classification of soils 5.1.3 CBR test 5.2 Stone aggregates 5.2.1 Desirable properties 5.2.2 Attrition and abrasion tests 5.2.3 Crushing test 5.2.4 Impact test 5.2.5 Shape test 5.3 Bituminous materials


5.3.1 Penetration test 5.3.2 Softening point test 5.3.3 Ductility, flash and fire point 5.3.4 Specific gravity test 6. Construction of Roads : 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Water Bound Macadam roads 6.3 Bituminous roads 7. Highway Maintenance : 7.1 Common types of road failures 7.2 Routine maintenance 8. Road Drainage and Road Arboriculture : 8.1 Necessity of road drainage 8.2 Surface and sub surface drainage 8.3 Object of road arboriculture 8.4 Common roadside trees 8.5 Plantation and protection of trees 9. Bridges : 9.1 Introduction : Classification of bridges 9.1.1 Temporary bridges 9.1.2 Permanent bridges 9.2 Selection of site of the bridges 9.3 Economical span of the bridges, calculation of discharge, velocity, afflux by various methods 9.4 I.R.C. loading 9.5 Cause ways, culverts - brief description with sketches 9.6 Brief introduction to piers, abutments, wing walls and bearing. REFERENCE BOOKS : 1. Highway Engg. Khanna & Justo. 2. Highway Engg. Priyani 3. Bridge Engg. S.P. Bindra


CL-2.6 STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

1. STRESSES AND STRAINS (--1)

1.1 Load 1.2 Effect of a load on a member 1.3 Stress 1.4 Strains 1.5 Volumetric strain 1.6 Poissons ratio 1.7 Elasticity and elastic limit 1.8 Hooks law 1.9 Modulus

1.10 Stress and strain in simple and compound bar 1.11 Principle of super position 1.12 Temperature stress and strain 1.13 Relation between E,G and K

2 THIN PRESSURE VESSEL (--2) 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Assumption for determining stresses in thin pressure vessel 2.3 stresses in thin pressure vessel 2.4 Volumetric strain in pressure vessel 2.5 modification for built up pressure vessels

3. RESILIENCE AND INSTANTANEOUS STRESS (--3)

3.1 Mechanical properties 3.2 Behavior of a ductile material 3.3 Stress-strain diagrams 3.4 ultimate stress working stress and factor of safety 3.5 Elastic and plastic zone 3.6 Strain hardening or work hardening 3.7 Percentage elongation and reduction is area 3.8 Homogeneous and isotropic material 3.9 proof stress 3.10 types of loading

4. MOMENT OF INERTTIA (--4)

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Moment of inertia (M.O.I) 4.3 Parallel axis theorem 4.4 Perpendicular axis theorem 4.5 Moment of inertia of different bodies


4.6 Section modules

5.BENDING STRESSES (--5) 5.1 Definitions 5.2 Assumptions for theory of simple bending 5.3 Theory of simple bending or bending equation 5.4 Comparison between moment of resistance and flexural strength of different section of beam 5.5 Section modulus for different shapes of beam sections

6. TORSION (--6) 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Assumption for torsion equation 6.3 Torsion equation for solid shaft 6.4 Torsion equation for hollow circular shaft 6.5 Comparison between hollow ad solid shafts 6.6 Power transmitted 6.7 Stiffness of a shaft 6.8 Concept of mean and maximum torque 6.9 When shaft in series 6.10 When shaft in parallel

7. SPRINGH (--7)

7.1 Definition 7.2 Close coild helical spring subjected to axial load 7.3 Spring under impact load 7.4 Composite springs 7.5 Close coil helical spring subjected to axial twist 7.6 Leaf spring

8. COLUMN AND STRUTS (--8) 8.1 Definition 8.2 Types of Column 8.3 strength of column 8.4 End conditions 8.5 Eulers theory 8.6 Assumptions made Eulers theory 8.7 Eulers derivations 8.8 Limitations of Eulers formula 8.9 Rankine formula

9. SHARE FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS (--9)

9.1 Beam 9.2 Classification of beams


9.3 Types of support 9.4 Types of loading 9.5 Share force 9.6 Bending Moment 9.7 Sign convention for SFD and BMD 9.8 Relation between load intensity, shear force and bending moment 9.9 Steps followed to draw SFD and BMD for beams other than cantilever bean 9.10 Methods to draw SFD and BMD for cantilever beam 9.11 Cantilever beam carrying a concentrated load at free end 9.12 Cantilever carrying a UDL over its entire span 9.13 Points of contra flexure 9.14 Simply supported beam carrying a point load 9.15 Simply supported beam carrying a UDL 9.16 Overhang beam carries point load on both ends (Both side overhang) 9.17 Overhanging beam carries a UDL over whole span (Over hanging from both sides)

10. DIRECT AND BENDING STRESSES (--10)

10.1 Introduction 10.2 Direct and bending stresses 10.3 Eccentric loading about one axis 10.4 Eccentric loading about two axis 10.5 Middle third rule

11. SLOPE AND DEFLECTION (--11)

11.1 Introduction 11.2 methods as determining slope and deflection at any section in a loaded beam 11.3 Simply Supported beam carrying a point at the center 11.4 simply supported Beam with an eccentric point load 11.5 Simply supported beam carries a U.D.L over whole length 11.6 Cantilever beam having point load at free end 11.7 Cantilever beam with a point load not at free end 11.8 Cantilever beam with U.D.L over entire length 11.9 Cantilever beam carrying a U.D.L from fixed end


2.7 CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING

DRAWING No.1

Details of spread footing foundations for load bearing and non-load bearing wall for given

thickness of walls with the help of given data or rule of the thumb, showing offsets,

position of DPC; details of basement showing necessary damp proofing.

Detail of cavity wall.

DRAWING No.2

Plans of T and Corner junction of walls 1 Brick, 1-1/2 Brick and 2 brick thick in

English and Flemish bonds brick pillars.

DRAWING No.3

Elevation, sectional plan and sectional side elevation of paneled and glaze d door flush

door, steel windows and aluminium windows.

DRAWING No.4

Drawing plan, elevation of a small building by measurement.

DRAWING No.5

Detailed plan, elevation and section of a two bedroom residential building from a given

line plan, showing details of foundations, roof and parapet.

DRAWING No.6

Detailed working drawing of a small double stories building on a given plot, keeping in

view building eye laws, showing slooping roof or surface drainage plan and flooring

details.

DRAWING No.7

Each student should be guided to trace any one of the drawings of sheet no 4,5 and 6 with

waterproof ink.

DRAWING No.8

Each student should be required to take out ammonia print of the tracing made by him.

Note : -

a) All drawings should be as per BIS code and specifications in SI units

b) Intensive practice of reading and interpreting building drawings should be given


CL-2.8 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

SECTION A

1. Properties of Materials

Classification of materials, elastic materials, plastic materials, ductile materials, brittle

materials.

Tensile test, compressive test, impact test, fatigue test, torsion test.

2. Simple Stresses and Strains

Concept of stress, normal and shear stresses due to torsion

Concept of strain, strain and deformation, longitudinal and lateral strain, poisons ratio,

Volumetric strain

Hookes law, modulli of elasticity and rigidity, Bulk modulus of elasticity, relationship

between the elastic constants.

Stresses and strains in bars subjected to tension and compression. Extension of uniform bar

under its own weight, stress produces in compound bars (two or three) due to axial load.

Stress-strain diagram for mild steel, mechanical properties, factor of safety

Temperature stresses and strains

SECTION B

3. Bending Moment and Shear Force

Concept of a beam and supports (Hinges, Roller and Fixed), types of beams: simply

supported, cantilever, fixed and continuous beams

Types of loads (point, uniformly distributed and varying loads)

Concept of bending moment and shear force, sign conventions

Bending Moment and shear force diagrams for cantilever, simply supported and over

hanging beams subjected to concentrated, uniformly distributed and uniformly varying

loads (B.M. and S.F. diagrams should preferably be drawn on graph paper.

Relationship between load, shear force and bending moment, point of maximum bending

moment and contraflexure.

4. Second Moment of Area

Concept of second moment of area, radius of gyration

Theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes

Second moment of area for sections of Rectangle, Triangle, Circle, Trapezium,

Angle, Tee, I, Channel and Compound sections. (No derivation)

5. Bending and Shear Stresses

Theory of simple bending

Application of the equation M / I= sigma / Y= E/R (No derivation is required)

Moment of resistance, sectional modulus and permissible bending stresses in circular,

rectangular, I, T and L sections; Comparision of strengths of the above sections.

SECTION C

6. Slope and Deflection

Necessity for determination of reflection

Moment area theorems (no derivation)


Computation of slopes and deflections using moment area theorems for:

(a) Simple supported beam with UDL over entire span and concentrated load at any point

(c) Cantilever with UDL over entire span and concentrated load at free end

7. Columns

Theory of columns, Euler, Rankines and I.S. formulae.

SECTION D

8. Combined Direct and Bending Stresses

Concentric and eccentric loads, eccentricity

Effect of eccentric load on the section, stresses due to eccentric loads, examples in the case

of short columns.

Effect of wind pressure on walls and chimneys; water pressure on dams and earth pressure

on retaining walls their causes of failures and their stability.

9. Analysis of Trusses

Concept of a frame, redundant and deficient frame, End supports, ideal and practical

trusses.

Analysis of trusses by:

(i) Methods of joints

(ii) Method of sections and

(iii) Graphical method


CL-2.9 CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

1. CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY (--1) 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Concrete making and its ingredients 1.3. Types of concrete 1.4. Advantages and disadvantages of concrete construction and uses

2. INGEDIENTS OF CONCRETE (--2)

2.1. Cement 2.1.1. Introduction 2.1.2. Types of cement

2.1.2.1. Ordinary Portland cement 2.1.2.2. Rapid hardening cement 2.1.2.3. Sulphate resisting cement 2.1.2.4. High alumina cement 2.1.2.5. Quick setting cement 2.1.2.6. Low heat cement 2.1.2.7. Portland pozzolana cement 2.1.2.8. White cement 2.1.2.9. Colored cement

2.2. Aggregate 2.2.1. Introduction 2.2.2. Classification

3. PROPERTY OF CONCRETE (--3)

3.1. Fresh concrete 3.2. Hydrated concrete

4. WATER CEMENT RATIO & WORK ABILITY OF CONCRETE (--4)

4.1. Introduction of water cement ratio 4.2. Hydration of cement 4.3. Definition of work ability and phenomenon 4.4. Compaction factor test 4.5. Factors affecting workability

5. ADMIXTURES (--5) 5.1. Types 5.2. Uses of admixture 5.3. Fly ash 5.4. Silica fumes 5.5. Rice husk ash 5.6. Met kaolin


CL-2.10 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 1.Stones : 1.1 Classification of rocks 1.2 Geological classification - igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks 1.3 Chemical classification - argillaceous, siliceous and calcareous rocks 1.4 Physical classification - unstratified, stratified, foliated rocks. 1.5 Common rock forming minerals and their properties - silica, felspar, mica, hornblende and dolomite. 1.6 Qualities of good building stone 1.7 General characteristics, identification and uses of common building stones - granite, basalt, trap, sand stone, lime stone, dolomite, marble, slate, quartzite. 1.8 Natural bed of stones 1.9 Seasoning of stones. 2. Bricks : 2.1 Meaning and composition of brick 2.2 Preparation of brick clay - weathering, kneading and tempering of clay 2.3 Brief description and use of pug mill 2.4 Standard size and shape of wooden and steel moulds 2.5 Moulding - ground moulding, table moulding, sand moulding and slop moulding, machine moulding, utility of frog. 2.6 Brief description and working of different types of kilns 2.7 Classification and testing of bricks as per B.I.S. 3. Tiles : 3.1 Use of tiles 3.2 Classification of tiles 3.2.1 According to use 3.2.2 According to shape 3.2.3 Special tiles - Allahabad tiles, Mangalore tiles 3.3 Preparation of clay 3.4 Moulding, shaping, drying and burning 3.5 Properties and uses of fire clay tiles. 4. Lime : 4.1 Introduction - lime, calcination, quick lime, slaking, setting, hardening, hydraulicity 4.2 Classification of lime as per B.I.S. 4.3 Manufacture of lime - process of charging, burning, collection and slaking. 4.4 Properties and uses of lime 4.5 Storage of lime 4.6 Testing of lime as per B.I.S. 4.7 Field test of lime as per B.I.S. 4.8 Pozzolanic materials as surkhi, cinder and fly ash. 5. Lime Mortar :


5.1 Constituents of lime mortar 5.2 Functions of sand and surkhi in lime mortar. 5.3 Preparation of lime mortar - mixing and grinding 5.4 Properties and common uses of lime mortar. 5.5 Constituents, function and properties of lime concrete 6. Cement and Cement Mortar : 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Raw material 6.3 Manufacturing process of ordinary Portland cement 6.4 Flow diagram for wet and dry process 6.5 Properties and use of ordinary Portland cement 6.6 Constituents, function and use of cement mortar 7. Timber : 7.1 Standing timber, rough timber, converted timber, exogenous trees, endogenous trees, softwood and hard wood. 7.2 Growth and general structure of exogenous trees 7.3 Seasoning of timber - natural and artificial 7.4 Conversion of timber by sawing 7.5 Common defects of timber and decay of timber 7.6 Preservation of timber 7.7 Qualities and uses of good timber 7.8 Manufacturing and uses of ply woods and different ply boards and laminated boards. 8. Paints and Varnishes : 8.1 Classification of paints - oil paints, plastic paints, enamel paints, water paints and cement paints. 8.2 Constituent materials of paints 8.3 Preparation and uses of different paints 8.4 Constituents, properties and uses of varnish and polish - spirit polish and wax polish. 8.5 Different types and use of exterior paints REFERENCE BOOKS : 1. Construction Materials Sushil Kumar 2. Construction Materials Rangwala


CL-2.11 EARTHQUAKE RESISTENT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

ELEMENTS OF ENGINEERING SEISMOLOGY

cause of earthquake, seismic wave, earthquake size (magnitude, intensity), classification of

earthquake, seismic zoining map of India, static and dynamic loading, static and dynamic

equilibrium, fundamental period

seismic behavior of traditionally built construction of India.

Seismic performance during earth quake and mode of failure (out of plane failure , in

plane failure, diaphragm failure, connection failure, non structural component failure).

seismic provision of strengthening and retrofitting measure for traditionally built

constructions. introduction of IS : 4326:1993. IS: 13928:1993 & IS:13927:993 with certain clauses.

SECTION D

Common modes of Failure of Rainforced Conceret buildings

Horizontal & vertical irregularities identifications seismic damage in building components

(columns, beams, slabs, infill wall, foundation etc.), ductile detailing as per IS-13920.


CL-2.12 CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING

1. INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRWING AND INSTRUMENTS (--1) 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Drawing instruments

2. SHEET LAYOUT (--2)

2.1 Introduction 2.2 Drawing sheet layout 2.3 Title blocks 2.4 List of parts 2.5 Additional information 2.6 Zone system 2.7 Folding of prints 2.8 Numbering of prints 2.9 Fixing the drawing sheet on the board

3. LINE AND CONVENTION (--3)

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Convention code or for lines 3.3 Comparative thickness of lines according to BIS 3.4 Convention for materials 3.5 Shape of Cylindrical pipe breaks or ends 3.8 Important conventional signs

4. LETTERING (--4)

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Lettering and types of letter 4.3 Spacing of alphabets into words and words in to sentences 4.4 Style of alphabets 4.5 Uniformity in lettering 4.6 Free hand lettering

5. SCALES (--5)

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Scale & size of scale 5.3 Representative Fraction (R.F) 5.4 Procedure for drawing scales 5.5 Classification of scales


6. DIMENSIONING (--6)

6.1 Introduction 6.2 Dimensioning & types of dimensioning 6.3 Dimensioning terms and notations 6.4 Elements of dimensioning 6.5 Systems & rules of dimensioning

7. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS (--7)

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Projection and Projectors or projection lines 7.3 Types of projection 7.4 Oblique projection 7.5 Planes of projection 7.6 Orthographic projection 7.7 Four quadrants 7.8 Types of orthographic 7.9 Symbol of first angle projection 7.10 Symbol of third angle projection 7.11 Comparison of first & third angle projections 7.12 Common rules followed while drawing the orthographic projection 7.13 Sequence of steps followed while making orthographic projection

8. IDENTIFICATION OF SURFACE (--8)

8.1 Introduction 8.2 Identification of surface from pictorial view to orthographic views 8.3 Identification of surface from orthographic view of pictorial views 8.4 Identification of surface from pictorial view to orthographic views and Identification of surface from pictorial view to orthographic views

9. PROJECTIONS OF POINTS (--9)

9.1 Introduction 9.2 Projection of point in the first Quadrant 9.3 Projection of point in the second Quadrant 9.4 Projection of point in the third Quadrant 9.5 Projection of point in the fourth Quadrant 9.6 Octants 9.7 Positions and projections of point lying in the different octants


PROJECTION AND TRACES OF LINES (--10)

10.1 Introduction 10.2 Line 10.3 Possible position of a straight line 10.4 Projection of a straight line 10.5 Projection of a straight line perpendicular to one plane & parallel to the planes 10.6 Projection of a straight line contained in the H.P 10.7 Projection of a straight line contained in the V.P 10.8 Projection of a straight line contained in both the V.P and H.P 10.9 Projection of a straight line inclined to V.P and parallel to H.P 10.10 Projection of a straight line inclined to both V.P and H.P 10.11 Methods to find the length and true inclinations of a straight line

10. PROJECTIONS OF PLANES (--11)

11.1 Introduction 11.2 Plane 11.3 Types and location of planes 11.4 Traces of planes and types of traces 11.5 Representation of perpendicular planes

11. PROJECTIONS OF SOILDS (--12)

12.1 Introduction 12.2 Solid 12.3 Types of solid

12. SECTIONS OF SOLIDS (--13)

13.1 Introduction 13.2 Horizontal section 13.3 Vertical section 13.4 Oblique section 13.5 Sectional projections of horizontal solids with axis at right angle to V.P 13.6 Sectional projections of solids inclined to V.P 13.7 Sectional projections of solids inclined to H.P 13.8 True shapes of section

13. ISOMETRIC PROJECTION (--14)

14.1 Introduction 14.2 Isometric view


14.3 Theory of isometric view 14.4 Isometric scale 14.5 Different positions of isometric axes 14.6 Difference between isometric projection and isometric view 14.7 Methods of drawing isometric projection of square prism 14.8 Isometric view of various Object 14.9 Isometric projections of plane figures

14. CONIC SECTION AND ENGINEERING CURVES (--15)

15.1 Introduction 15.2 Selecting of a cone with a plane 15.3 Definition of conic section with respect to the cone 15.4 Ellipse 15.5 Methods of construction of ellipse 15.6 Methods of drawing parabola 15.7 Hyperbola 15.8 Tangent to a hyperbola 15.9 Cycloidal curves 15.10 Involute 15.11 Helix cylindrical 15.12 Achemedian spiral 15.13 Logarithmic spiral

15. BISECTING A LINE (--16)

16.1 Introduction 16.2 Bisecting a line 16.3 To draw perpendiculars 16.4 To bisect an angle 16.5 To trisect an angle 16.6 To find the center of an arc 16.7 Parallel lines 16.8 Division of line 16.9 Squares 16.10 To construct regular polygons 16.11 Tangents to circle and arcs 16.12 Inscribed circles

16. SYMBOLE (--17)

17.1 Introduction 17.2 Electrical engineering symbols 17.3 Civil engineering symbols


Preparation of a working drawing (elevation, plan, details of joints as ridge, eaves and

other conections) for a riveted steel roof truss resting on a masonry wall with the given

span, shape of the truss and the design data regarding the size of the members and the

connections. Also calculate the quantity of steel for the truss.

2. Steel connections (a,b,c,d) riveted and (e) welded all unstiffened

Beam to beam connections (Seated and franed)

Beam to column (Seated and franed)

Column base connections (Slab base and gusetted base)

Details of column splices

Connections of a steel bracket with flange of a column

3. Detailed drawing showing plan and elevation for a riveted plate girder with the given

design data regarding the sizes of its parts, with details at the supports and connections of

stiffeners, flange angles and cover plates with the web.


CL-2.13 STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN

INTRODUCTION (--1)

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Structural steel & types of structural steel 1.3 Rolled steel section 1.4 Choice of section 1.5 Loads & types of load 1.6 Mechanical properties of steel 1.7 Advantages and disadvantages

RIVETED CONNECTIONS (--2)

1.1 Structural steel connections 1.2 Riveted connections 1.3 Types of rivets 1.4 Definitions of terms used in riveting 1.5 Specifications 1.6 Permissible stresses 1.7 Types of riveted joints 1.8 Comparison between lap and butt joint 1.9 Arrangement of rivets

1.10 Failure of riveted joint 1.11 Strength of a riveted joint 1.12 Rivet value 1.13 Assumptions in the analysis of riveted joints 1.14 Eccentric riveted connection 1.15 Design of Eccentric 1.16 Design of connection

WELDED CONNECTION (--3)

1.1 Welding 1.2 Welded connection 1.3 Advantages & disadvantages of welded connection 1.4 Types of welds 1.5 Butt weld 1.6 Types of butt welds 1.7 Specification of fillet weld 1.8 Permissible stresses in welds 1.9 Strength of fillet weld joints

1.10 Strength of butt weld joint 1.11 Steps for design of fillet weld 1.12 Testing and inspection of welded joints


1.13 Defects in weld TENSION MEMBER (--4)

1.1 Tension member 1.2 Types of tension member 1.3 Net sectional area 1.4 Permissible stress in axial tension 1.5 Strength of member in axial tension 1.6 Design of axially loaded tension members 1.7 Tension splice 1.8 Design of tension splice

COMPRISSION MEMBER (STRUTS) (--5)

1.1 Compression member 1.2 Common sections of compression members used as strut 1.3 Radius of gyration 1.4 Slenderness ratio 1.5 Strength of angel sections used as struts 1.6 Strength of an axially loaded compression members (struts) 1.7 Tacking rivets

COLUMNS (--6) 6.1 Columns 6.2 Classification of columns 6.3 Concept of Buckling 6.4 Effective length (1) 6.5 Column design formula 6.6 Strength & design of an axially loaded column 6.7 Combined bending and axial compression 6.8 Column splice 6.9 Column base BEAMS (--7)

1.1 Beam 1.2 Types of beam sections 1.3 Technical terms used in beam design 1.4 Laterally restrained beam 1.5 Steps for finding out load carrying capacity of beams 1.6 Design of laterally restrained beam 1.7 Web buckling 1.8 Web crippling 1.9 Simple beam connections

1.10 Beam to column connections 1.11 Beam to Beam connections


1.12 Plate girders ROOF TRUSSES (--8) 8.1 Roof truss 8.2 Parts of roof truss 8.3 Types of trusses 8.4 Use of roof truss 8.5 Pitches of trusses 8.6 Depth of trusses 8.7 Spacing of purlins 8.8 Economical spacing of roof trusses 8.9 Connection between purlin and principle rafter 8.10 Loads on roof trusses 8.11 Load combinations


CL-2.14 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING 1. Introduction

1.1 definition 1.2 necessity and scope of irrigation science 1.3 benefits and ill-effects of irrigation 1.4 types of irrigation

2. Method of irrigation 2.1 modes or method of applying water to crop

2.2 uncontrolled or wild flooding 2.3 free flooding 2.4 flooding by contour laterals

2.5 Tthezigzagmethod,furrowmethod,contourfarming,sprinklermethod,drip irrigation.

3. Water requirement of crop 3.1 function of irrigation water 3.2 quality of irrigation water 3.3 types of soil 3.4 limiting soil moisture conditions 3.5 depth and frequency of irrigation. 3.6 duty and factor affecting duty

4. Hydrology 4.1 history of hydrology 4.2 the hydrologic cycle 4.3 hydrological data 4.4 precipitation 4.5 measurement of rainfall 4.6 evaporation and infiltration 4.7 runoff and factor affecting runoff 4.8 unit and S-hydrograph

5. Dams 5.1 introduction 5.2 classification according to use, hydraulic design, material 5.3 gravity dams 5.4 arch dams 5.5 buttress dam 5.6 steel and timber dam 5.7 earth dam and rockfill dam

6. Flow irrigation

6.1 canal : classification 6.2 canal alignment 6.3 curves and inundation canals


CL-2.15 ESTIMATING AND COSTING

1. INTRODUCTION : 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Importance of estimating 1.3 Common items of works in civil engineering construction works 1.4 Units of measurement for common items of works 1.5 Methods of measurement 1.6 Explanation of common terms used for estimating 1.7 Different types of estimates and their significance 1.8 Merits and demerits. 1.9 Methods of taking out quantities 1.10 Study of Basic Schedule of Rates (B.S.R.)

2. RATE-ANALYSIS :

2.1 Factors affecting cost of work 2.2 Explanation of terms 2.3 Prime costCIVIL ENGINEERING 47 2.4 Original cost 2.4 Provisional items 2.5 Provisional sum 2.6 Day work, item wise 2.7 Analysis of cost of material 2.8 Labour 2.9 Transport 2.10 Establishment charges and incidentals 2.11 Preparation of analysis of rates for items of work involved in building construction mentioned in practical syllabus.

3. SPECIFICATIONS :

3.1 Importance of specifications. Principles for writing out specifications, types of specification 3.2 Writing general and detailed specifications for items of work in building

construction mentioned in practical syllabus.

4. DETAILED ESTIMATES FOR BUILDINGS : 4.1 Calculation of quantities 4.2 Preparing abstract of cost for a residential building.

5. EARTH WORK CALCULATIONS FOR ROAD & RAIL FORMATION :

5.1 Earthwork calculations and estimates for roads and rail formation 5.2 For earth work following methods may be used :

5.2.1 Mean depth method. 5.2.2 Mean area method.


5.2.3 Prismoidal formula method 5.2.4 Graphical method

5.3 Using longitudinal and typical cross sections 5.4 Cross section for different stations. 5.5 Finding earth work by these sections 5.6 Calculation of permanent and temporary lands for roads 5.7 Economical depth of digging

6. VALUATION OF PROPERTY AND RENT FIXATION :

6.1 Objects of valuation 6.2 Free-hold property 6.3 Lease-hold property 6.4 Property income 6.5 Obsolescence 6.6 Market-value 6.7 Book value 6.8 Distress value 6.9 Monopoly value 6.10 Salvage value 6.11 Scrap value 6.12 Accommodation value 6.13 Replacement value 6.14 Sentimental value 6.15 Speculative value 6.16 Factors affecting the value of the property 6.17 Annuity 6.18 Capital cost 6.19 Capitalized value 6.20 Years purchase 6.21 Methods of determining depreciation 6.22 Valuation of property 6.23 Method of determining valuation of property 6.24 Typical valuation report 6.25 Types of rents 6.26 Rules of capital cost fixation for govt. buildings 6.27 Rules for calculation of standard rent

7. CONTRACT SYSTEM :

7.1 Requirements of contracts 7.2 Types of contracts 7.3 Lumpsum contract 7.4 Item rate contract 7.5 Percentage contract 7.6 Contract documents


7.7 Security for performance of contracts 7.8 Conditions of contract 7.9 Termination of contract 7.10 Labour contracts 7.11 Negotiated contracts 7.12 Earnest money 7.13 Security deposit 7.14 Types of tenders 7.15 Security of tenders 7.16 Acceptance of tenders 7.17 Tender notice

8. PROCEDURE OF WORKS :

8.1 Main staff structure of engineering department 8.2 Duties of junior engineer 8.3 Administrative approval 8.4 Expenditure sanction or approval 8.5 Technical sanction or an approval 8.6 Appropriation and re-appropriation of funds 8.7 Procedure for original minor and major works 8.8 Repair works 8.9 Types of estimates 8.10 Preliminary estimate. 8.11 Cubical content estimate. 8.12 Plinth area estimate. 8.13 Revised estimate CIVIL ENGINEERING 66 8.14 Supplementary estimate 8.15 Daily labour on muster roll system 8.16 Completion report

9. PUBLIC WORKS ACCOUNTS :

9.1 Payment to labourers 9.2 Payment to contractors and suppliers 9.3 Standard measurement book 9.4 First and final bill 9.5 Running account bill


CL-2.16 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING/

HEALTH ENGINEERING

1. INTRODUCTION : 1.1 Necessity of water supply system 1.2 Development of water supply system

2. QUANTITY OF WATER : 2.1 Water demand per capita for domestic and other uses 2.2 Population forecast 2.3 Fire demand 2.4 Design period 2.5 Demand as per B.I.S

3. SOURCES OF WATER : 3.1 Surface sources 3.2 Sub-surface sources 3.3 Quality of water obtained from different sources

4. QUALITY OF WATER : 4.1 Examination of water

4.1.1 Physical 4.1.2 Chemical 4.1.3 Bacteriological

4.2 Potability of water 4.3 Impurities of water 4.3.1 Suspended 4.3.2 Colloidal 4.3.3 Dissolved impurities 4.4 Permissible standard for potable water 4.5 Effects of impurities if they are more than permissible limits

5. TREATMENT OF WATER : 5.1 Flow diagrams of treatment plants 5.2 Function, constructional details, working of

5.2.1 Aeration unit 5.2.2 Feeding and mixing devices of chemicals 5.2.3 Sedimentation


5.2.4 Coagulation and flocculation unit 5.2.5 Filtration unit

5.2.5.1 Slow sand filter 5.2.5.2 Rapid sand filter

6. WASTE WATER TREATMENT:

6.1 Necessity of systematic collection and disposal of waste 6.2 Present status in the state 6.3 Dry waste 6.4 Semi-liquid waste 6.5 Liquid waste 6.6 Terminology related to sanitary engineering

7. QUANTITY OF SEWAGE : 7.1 Domestic sewage 7.2 Industrial waste 7.3 Storm water 7.4 Volume of domestic sewage dry weather flow (D.W.F.) and equivalent DWF 7.5 Variation of flow 7.6 Limiting velocities

7.6.1 Non-silting velocity 7.6.2 Non-scouring velocity 7.6.3 Self cleansing velocity 7.6.4 Transporting velocity

7.7 Depth of flow

8. CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITION OF SEWAGE : 8.1 Decomposition of sewage 8.2 Sewage sampling 8.3 Physical and chemical analysis 8.4 Testing of sewage 8.4.1 Physical test 8.4.2 Biological test 8.4.3 Chemical test

9. SEWERAGE SYSTEMS : 9.1 Types

9.1.1 Separate system 9.1.2 Combined system 9.1.3 Partially separate system

9.2 Different shapes of sewers


10. APPURTENANCES : 10.1 Manholes 10.2 Drop manhole 10.3 Inlets 10.4 Catch basin 10.5 Inverted syphon 10.6 Flushing tanks 10.7 Ventilating shaft 10.8 Lamp holes

11. SEWAGE DISPOSAL :

11.1 General composition of sewage 11.2 Strength of sewage 11.3 Land disposal 11.4 Dilution method of disposal

12. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL :

12.1 Primary treatment 12.2 Secondary treatment 12.3 Function and construction of

12.3.1 Screening chambers 12.3.2 Grit chambers 12.3.3 Clarifier chambers 12.3.4 Trickling filters 12.3.5 Aeration tank


CL-2.17 ELEMENTS OF RCC DESIGN

1. INTRODUCTION

R.C.C. and there requirement different grades of cement and steel characteristics

strength and grades of cement modular ratio as per (IS: 875)

2. DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

2.1. Necessity of doubly reinforced section

2.2. Design of DRB for flexure

2.3. Depth of neutral axis and moment of resistance

2.4. Determination of moment of resistance

3. SLAB

3.1. One way slab

3.1.1. Design of one way slab

3.1.2. Load distribution in a slab

3.2. Two way slab

3.2.1. Introduction and difference between one way and two way slab

4. T- Beams

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Terms used in T- beams

4.3. Analysis of T-beams

4.4. MOR(n>Df)

5. COLUMNS

5.1. Introduction and classification

5.2. Difference between short and long column

5.3. Limit state of collapse : compression

6. BASIC CONCEPT OF PRE STRESSED CONCRETE

6.1. Introduction of pre stressed concrete

6.2. Post tensioning advantages

6.3. Techniques of post tensioning.


CL 2.18 THEORY OF STRUCTURES

1. SLOPE AND DEFLECTION :

1.1 Calculation of slope and deflection in simply supported and cantilever beams, loaded with point and uniformly distributed load by

1.1.1 Double integration method 1.1.2 Macaulay's method 1.1.3 Area moment method

2. INFLUENCE LINE DIAGRAM FOR THE FOLLOWING IN SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS :

2.1 Reaction 2.2 Shear force 2.3 Bending moment

3. ROLLING LOADS :

3.1 Drawing of maximum B.M.D. and S.F.D. for simply supported beam for rolling loads of

3.1.1 Single concentrated load 3.1.2 Two point loads 3.1.3 Series of point loads 3.1.4 U.D.L. longer than span 3.1.5 U.D.L. shorter than span

4. INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES :

4.1 Types of indeterminacy 4.2 External and internal 4.3 Degree of indeterminacy in beams and pin jointed frames

5. PROPPED CANTILEVER BEAM :

5.1 Concept 5.2 Drawing of B.M.D. and S.F.D. for propped cantilever beams loaded with point loads and U.D.L. 5.3 Slope and deflection for point loads and U.D.L.

6. FIXED BEAMS :

6.1 Concept 6.2 Drawing of BMD and SFD

7. CONTINUOUS BEAMS : 7.1 Drawing of BMD and SFD for continuous beams loaded with point load and UDL using Claypeyrons theorem of three moments


REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. Strength of Material & Theory of Structures. Vol I & II B.C. Punmia 2. Mechanics of Structure S.B. Junarkar. 3. Strength of Material S. Ramamurtham

Diploma in Civil Syllabus

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