Dimensioning, configuration and deployment of Radio Access Networks. part 5: HSPA and LTE HSDPA • Enhanced Support for Downlink Packet Data – Higher Capacity – Higher Peak data rates – Lower round trip delay time • Part of release 5 • Similar to cdma2000 EV DO • Shared Channel Transmission • Higher order Modulation • Fast Link adaptation • Fast hybrid ARQ • (MIMO to be considered for later releases) Shared Channel Transmission • Efficient code and power utilization by dynamically sharing radio resources among multiple users • Time domain (TTI = 2 ms) • Code domain (up to 15 codes) • Not all UEs are capable to receive data in consecutive TTI (Minimum inter-TTI time > 1) • CC are not orthogonal due to multipath propagation self interference generated in the cell affecting capacity Channelization codes allocated for HS-DSCH transmission 8 codes (example) SF=16 SF=8 SF=4 SF=2 SF=1 User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4 TTI Shared channelization codes time HSDPA - Shared channel transmission
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Dimensioning, configuration and deployment of Radio Access
Networks.
part 5: HSPA and LTE
HSDPA• Enhanced Support for Downlink Packet Data
– Higher Capacity– Higher Peak data rates– Lower round trip delay time
• Part of release 5• Similar to cdma2000 EV DO• Shared Channel Transmission• Higher order Modulation• Fast Link adaptation• Fast hybrid ARQ• (MIMO to be considered for later releases)
Shared Channel Transmission• Efficient code and power utilization by dynamically sharing radio resources among multiple users
• Time domain (TTI = 2 ms)• Code domain (up to 15 codes)
• Not all UEs are capable to receive data in consecutive TTI (Minimum inter-TTI time > 1)
• CC are not orthogonal due to multipath propagation self interference generated in the cell affecting capacity
Basic LTE functionality Enhancements & extensions Further extensionsIMT-Advanced compliant
FDD and TDD supportBandwidth flexibility
ICICMulti-antenna supportdata1data2data3data4
Channel-dependent scheduling Hybrid ARQ
OFDM transmission
MBMS Carrier Aggregation
Relaying
Multi-antenna extensionsDual-layer beamforming
Positioning
LTE – Basic Radio-Access Principles
2008 2009 2010
Transmission Scheme
Downlink – OFDM• Parallel transmission on large number of
narrowband subcarriers
Uplink – DFTS-OFDM• DFT-precoded OFDM
› Benefits:– Avoid own-cell interference– Robust to time dispersion
› Main drawback– Power-amplifier efficiency
› Tx signal has single-carrier properties Improved power-amplifier efficiency
– Improved battery life – Reduced PA cost– Critical for uplink
› Equalizer needed Rx Complexity– Not critical for uplink
Cyclic-prefixinsertion
OFDM modulatorDFT precoder
DFT IFFTIFFT Cyclic-prefixinsertion
Multi-antenna Transmission
Diversity for improved system peformance (robustness)
Beam-forming for improved coverage(less cells to cover a given area)
SDMA for improved capacity(more users per cell)
Multi-layer transmisson (”MIMO”) for higher data rates in a given bandwidth
The multi-antenna technique to use depends on what to achieve
Spectrum Flexibility
• Operation in differently-sized spectrum allocations– Core specifications support any bandwidth from 1.4 to 20 MHz– Radio requirements defined for a limited set of spectrum allocations
6 RB (1.4 MHz)
100 RB (20 MHz)
› Support for paired and unpaired spectrum allocations
timeFDD
timeHalf-duplex FDD
(terminal-side only)
timeTDD
10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz3 MHz 5 MHz1.4 MHz
with a single radio-access technology economy-of-scale
Supported Frequency Bands20251710
19801785 18801805
2110 2200
2110 2170
26902500
2500 2570 2620 26901710
2300 2400
Generalbands
Regional bands
Local bands
Band 3 Band 1 Band 7
Band 2Band 4
Band 10
Paired Uplink Paired Downlink
Legend:Unpaired
19101850 19901930
15251427
IMT IMT IMTITU: IMTMobile
Band 11 & 21 (Japan) Band 9 (Japan)Band 39 (China)
Band 36Band 35(Band 37)
19101850 19901930
Band 33Band 34
Band 40
Band 38
Band 41
2496 2690
Supported Frequency Bands
Paired Uplink Paired Downlink
Legend:
960698
IMT
General bands
Local bands
824 849 869 894
830 845 885875
880 915 925 960
Band 8
Band 5Band 12 Band 13Band 14
Band 18 &19 (Japan)
ITU:
Band 17
815 860
791 821 832 862
Band 20
Regional bands
Rel-9 Rel-10Rel-8
Basic LTE functionality Enhancements & extensions Further extensionsIMT-Advanced compliant
FDD and TDD supportBandwidth flexibility
ICICMulti-antenna supportdata1data2data3data4
Channel-dependent scheduling Hybrid ARQ
OFDM transmission
MBMS Carrier Aggregation
Relaying
Multi-antenna extensionsDual-layer beamforming
Positioning
LTE – Continuous Evolution
2008 2009 2010
RelayingRel-10
• Repeater– Possible already in Rel-8, simply amplifies and retransmits recevied signal
• Relaying (added in Rel-10)– Relay = small base station connected to RAN using LTE radio resources– Mainly interesting if fibre/microwave backhaul is more expensive than using LTE
spectrum
Relay cell
Donor cell
HetNets• What?
Low power nodes placed throughout a macro-cell layout– Heterogeneous Networks
› “Conventional”–Independent pico cells
›“Relay”–Independent relay cells–Relay connected to macro
›“RRU”–Remote “pico antenna”,processing in macro
–No new pico cells
› Why?High data rates dense infrastructure...but non-uniform user distribution
– Macro for coverage, pico for high data rates› How?
The Wireless Evolution
Additional functionality and capabilities
• Improved performance• New application areas
Everything is connected • 50 billion devices• Need for new business models?
More Reading…
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