Digital Water Meter_SWAPNIL

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DIGITAL WATER METER WITH LEAKAGE DETECTION

A

Project Report

On

DIGITAL WATER METER WITHLEAKAGE DETECTION

Submitted By

BHUVAN GUPTA (13)

PRASHANT U. CHAVAN (65)NITIN B. DANGE (29)

Under The Guidance Of

PROF.T.B. MOHITE PATIL

H.O.D PRINCIPALPROF.A.N.JADHAV

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

KOLHAPUR

SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY,KOLHAPUR

2009-2010

CERTIFICATECERTIFICATE

D. Y. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 1




This is to certify that

BHUVAN GUPTA (13)PRASHANT U. CHAVAN (65)

NITIN B. DANGE (29)

Of B.E. Electronics Engineering has satisfactorily

completed the project-1 work

Entitled

DIGITAL WATER METER WITHLEAKAGE DETECTION

towards the partial fulfillment of bachelor’s degree in Electronics

Engineering as per the rules laid down by the

SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY,KOLHAPUR

For the year 2009-10(Semester 1)

This project represents bonafide work of the students.

PROF.T.B.M

OHITE PATIL P

(PROJECT GUIDE)

PROF. A.N.JADHAV

(H.O.D ELECTRONICS DEPT)





INDEX

Introduction

Literature/Current method of tackling the problem

General explanation of the project

1) Construction

2) Operation

Block diagram and its explanation

Circuit diagrams in detail

PCB design(Layout)

Conclusion

References





INTRODUCTION

In a country like ours with a billion plus population nothing is

sufficient. It takes a toll on government to provide even the basic

necessities efficiently. The most pressing situation, rather one of the

most basic is WATER related issues. As we are well aware of the fact

that almost all parts of India are Monsoon dependent which in turns

causes too much dependency on the same and leads to unpredictable

situations. Every single drop of water counts and this is the high timeto acknowledge this on a serious note.

Therefore bearing all these facts in mind we consider it as our

moral responsibility towards society and government to provide a

unique as well as efficient solution.

Finally after doing a lot of case studies and survey in this

regard ,we have modified the present analog water meter in practicewhich will address to all water related issues whether it is ambiguity in

billing, water leaks in pipelines or water thefts and also adds flexibility

transforming it to a technologically superior device.





Literature/current method of tackling the

problem:

As per the recent survey done, we have found that two types of

meter in practice here in Kolhapur. First is named kranti and is having

a needle and simple meter readout like the ones we use to have in

vehicles.every single block provide readings for different places, 1st

shows for units place, 2nd for tens place and so on. The other one

named Chambal, is having single needle as well, but inspite of simple

meter readout it is having small odometers. Each odometer will refer

to specific place(units,tens,thousands and so on).As manualobservations are required sometimes it may lead to erroneous

readings.

The leakage sensors are not yet implemented. As leakage sensor

will help us to save the water. This is a step towards saving water

which is of prime necessity nowadays.

Our project intends to answer all the questions pertaining to

water mismanagement for rural as well as urbane population with the

following:

1) Effective and transparent billing as digitizing the analog

meter in practice.

2) Technologically Superior as using SMART CARD and GSM based

services.

3) Accurate Detection of leaks by using state- of the-art leakage

detectors.





GENERAL EXPLAINATION OF PROJECT:

Construction & Operation

Here we are using electronic valve which is operated on 12V dc

to turn ON & turn OFF the valve, relay is used as a switch.

As relay requires 12V dc supply & 35 mA of current, hence we

are using ULN 2803 as an interfacing circuit to interface betweenrelay and the microcontroller.

Flow sensor is a mechanical assembly which consists of turbine.

On this turbine a shaft with a metallic disc is mounted.whenever this

shaft rotates disc also rotates.

We are using optointerrupter to interface microcontroller with

flow sensor. Also optointerrupter is used to generate pulses.

Here we are also using EEPROM which works as a smart card

which is used to store database of a particular customer and records of

entire present as well as previous transactions.

GSM modem is used to provide the pre or E-RECHARGE to a

customer which adds flexibility to our project. MAX 232C is used as

a serial interfacing circuit to make GSM modem compatible withmicrocontroller.

We are using 16*2 display which displays 16 characters and 2 rows.





BLOCK DIAGRAM





EXPLANATION OF INDIVIDUAL

BLOCKS

VALVE:

The pipe is being used to provide water flow. On this pipe

electronic valve operating on 12v dc is provided which is

controlled with the help of microcontroller.

RELAY & DRIVER CIRCUIT:

As microcontroller signal can`t be directly given to valve and

in order to operate the valve we are using relay as a switch. But

relay require 12V DC supply and 35mA current. The

microcontroller can`t provide the required values of current and

voltages so in order to provide the required values the driver circuit

is used in the form of ULN2803. This driver circuit is operating at

the range of +6V to +15V.

FLOW SENSOR:

The flow sensor is a mechanical assembly which consists of

turbine that rotates due to pressure generated by the water flow. On

this turbine shaft is mounted. The metallic disk with a small hole ismounted on the shaft.

INTERFACING CIRCUIT:

The opto-interrupter is used as an interfacing circuit between

the flow sensors and microcontroller. This circuit is having two





ends as a transmitter and receiver. Infrared LED is used as a

transmitter and the phototransistor is used as a receiver. The opto-

interrupter will be enclosing the metallic disk with a small hole

which will be rotating with the shaft. If IR-LED emits light and

encounters with the hole the light will fall on the base of the photo-

transistor and it will start conducting giving 0V at the output. It is

because collector and emitter get base of photo-transistor and we

will get 5V at the output. This is because collector is directly

connected to 5V supply. The pluses will be generated due to the

action carried by opto-interrupter on the metallic disk.

SMART CARD:

EEPROM is used as a SMART CARD which will be storingthe information of the individual customer. From which we can get

customer’s entire data as and when required.

GSM MODEM:

GSM-MODEM is used to provide the E-RECHARGE to a

customer whenever he is willing to. Here to interface GSM-MODEM & MICROCONTROLLER we are using serial

communication circuit in the form of MAX 232 serial circuit.

LCD DISPLAY:





We are using 16*2 LCD display in order to display the

amount of water used by the customer.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS IN DETAIL:

POWER SUPPLY:

+ C 8

1 0 u F

J 3

C O N 2

1

2

+ 1 2 V

D 5

L E+ C 1

1 0 0 0 u F 2 5 V

R 7

3 3 0U 5 7 8 1 2

1 3

2

V I N V O U T

G

N

D

U 2 7 8 0 5

1 3

2

V I N V O U T

G

N

D

C 7

0 . 1 u F

C 3

0 . 1 u F

D 2 I N 4 0 0 7

D 4 I N 4 0 0 7

+ C 4

1 0 u F

D 1 I N 4 0 0 7

D 3 I N 4 0 0 7

+ 5 V





MICROCONTROLLER & LCD DISPLAY:





D X _ 5

C 60 . 1 u F

D X _ 1

D X _ 7

J 6L C

123456789

1 01 11 21 31 41 5

1 6

L C D _ R S

S D A 1

Y 11 1 . 0 5 9 2

D X _ 6

B U Z Z E R

D X _ 0

C 7 90 . 1 u F

+ 5 V

S C L 1

R E S E T

J 8

C O N 5

12345

+ 5 V

L C D _ R

R 33 3 E

+ 5 V

T 1 I N

+ 5 V

U 8

2 4 C 0 2 / S O 8

12345

678

A 0A 1A 2

G N DS D AS C LW PV C C

+ 5 V

U 48 9 C 5 2

2 93 0

4 0

2 0

3 1

1 91 8

9

3 93 83 73 63 53 43 33 2

12345678

2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 8

1 0

1 11 21 31 41 51 61 7

P S E NA L E

V C C

G N D

E A

X 1X 2

R S T

P 0 . 0 / A D 0P 0 . 1 / A D 1P 0 . 2 / A D 2P 0 . 3 / A D 3P 0 . 4 / A D 4P 0 . 5 / A D 5P 0 . 6 / A D 6P 0 . 7 / A D 7

P 1 . 0P 1 . 1P 1 . 2P 1 . 3P 1 . 4P 1 . 5P 1 . 6P 1 . 7

P 2 . 0 / A 8P 2 . 1 / A 9

P 2 . 2 / A 1 0P 2 . 3 / A 1 1P 2 . 4 / A 1 2P 2 . 5 / A 1 3P 2 . 6 / A 1 4P 2 . 7 / A 1 5

P 3 . 0 / R X DP 3 . 1 / T X DP 3 . 2 / I N T 0P 3 . 3 / I N T 1P 3 . 4 / T 0P 3 . 5 / T 1P 3 . 6 / W RP 3 . 7 / R D

O P T I C A L S E N S O R

J 5

C O N 2

12

C 1 13 3 P F

D X _ 2

D X _ 4

C 1 03 3 P F

E A

L C D _ R W

J 1 0

C O N 4

1

234

L C D _ R

R 1 O U T

R 1

1 0 K

S D A 1

+ 5 V

S C L 1

D X _ 3

R E L A Y 2

C 6 00 . 1 u F

R E L A Y 1

PULL UP RESISTOR ARRAY:

D X _ 2D X _ 1

D X _ 5D X _ 4

D X _ 7E A

D X _ 3

D X _ 0

R 8

1 0 K

123456789

1 0

D X _ 6

+ 5 V

RELAY & RELAY DRIVER CIRCUIT





+ 5 V

D 1 6L E D

R 1 04 7 0 ER E L A Y 1

+ 1 2

R 1 6

1 0 K

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

J 9

C O

1

2

3

+ 1 2 V

U 7

U L N 2 8 0 3

1 09

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1 8

1 7

1 6

1 5

1 4

1 3

1 2

1 1

C O MG N D

I N 1

I N 2

I N 3

I N 4

I N 5

I N 6

I N 7

I N 8

O U T 1

O U T 2

O U T 3

O U T 4

O U T 5

O U T 6

O U T 7

O U T 8

J 1 9

C O

1

2

3

L S 2

R E L A Y S P D

3

5

4

1

2

R E L A Y 2

+ 1 2 V

+ 1 2 V

D 6 L E D

R 2 04 7 0 E

+ 1 2

L S 1

R E L A Y S P D

3

5

4

1

2





SERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERFACING CIRCUIT

P 3 . 0 / R X D

T 2 O U T+C 1 4

1 0 u F

+ V

+ V

C 1 6

0 . 1 u F

+ 5 V

P 1

C O N D B 9 M

5

9

4

8

3

7

2

6

1

1

0

1

1

+ 5 V

U 6M A X 2 3 2 A

1

3

4

5

1 6

1 52

6

1 2

9

1 1

1 0

1 3

8

1 4

7

C 1 +

C 1 -

C 2 +C 2 -

V C C

G N DV +

V -

R 1 O U T

R 2 O U T

T 1 I N

T 2 I N

R 1 I N

R 2 I N

T 1 O U T

T 2 O U T

+C 1 5

1 0 u F

+C 1 3

1 0 u F T 2 O U T

P 3 . 1 / T X D

+C 1 2

1 0 u F

PCB DESIGN (LAYOUT)





DATASHEETS:





CONCLUSION:





Till now we have completed Power supply design for 5V(i.e. for

microcontroller) and for 12V(i.e. for relay).Moreover we have alsoprogrammed LCD display with the help of microcontroller to display

a certain message. This whole assembly is made on the general

purpose board.

REFERENCES:

1. Google.com

2. Wireless A to Z

-by Nathan J. Muller

3. 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems

-by MAZIDI and MAZIDI.

4. 8051 microcontroller by Kenneth Ayala.

5. www.wikipedia.com

6. www.embetronics.com

7. www.BEPROJECTS.com

8. www.Projectidea.com









Digital Water Meter_SWAPNIL

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