Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcast Current situation and future perspectives Erik Stare Teracom
Digital Terrestrial TV BroadcastCurrent situation and future perspectives
Erik StareTeracom
Overview
1. About Teracom
2. Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting
• Short tutorial
• Standards
3. Challenges for terrestrial broadcasting
4. WiB – the basis for next-generation standards for terrestrial
broadcasting (and broadband?)
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 2
What does Teracom do?
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 3
We use terrestrial transmitters…
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 4
… often at 300 m height…
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 5
…to allow for roof-top reception of digital TV…
… and in many cases
in-door reception
We also transmit FM radio…
…and digital radio
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 6
We are located throughout Sweden
FM coverage TV coverage Backbone network
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 7
2018-04-28 8
About Teracom
About the company (2017)
• Operates the digital terrestrialTV and radio networks in Sweden and Denmark
• Operates FM radio in Sweden and Denmark
• Media hub for 1000 TV channels
Media & Broadcast
• Operates about 6000 km ofradiolink (microwave)
• Uses about 6000 km of fibre in Sweden
• About 900 sites• Co-location and data centers
Networks
• Operates current TETRA-basedRAKEL network in Sweden
• Responsible for the coastalradio/satellite system in Denmark
Public Pretection & Disaster Relief
• Turnover: 1.987 GSEK• Result: 480 MSEK• 560 employees• Founded in 1992 with old roots
from Televerket• Own field service organisation
over the entire country
Swedish DTT Network - Our customers
Erik Stare
Pay-tv Operators
Broadcasters
2017-03-29 9
Swedish DTT Network – Service mix
• 56 national program services: o 47 SDTV och 9 HDTV
o 6 free-to air and 50 pay-tv services (Boxer)
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 10
Bergkvist/Tullstedt This document is the property of TERACOM AB and may not without our written permission be copied, imparted to a third party or used for any other unauthorized purpose.
Swedish DTT network: services and multiplexes
Multiplex 1 Multiplex 2 Multiplex 3 Multiplex 5 Multiplex 6 Multiplex 7 T2T2T222 20 20 33 37 31
Bergkvist/Tullstedt This document is the property of TERACOM AB and may not without our written permission be copied, imparted to a third party or used for any other unauthorized purpose.
MPEG4 HD based serviceTime shared services reg Regional insertionsBroadcast hours07
23MPEG2 SD based service(Free-to-air) Unscrambled service (NN) Logical Channel NumberFTA
2018-04-01
Sjuan(7)
TV4
reg
(4)
Kanal 11(11)
TV4 Fakta(24)
TV3
reg
(3)
Kanal 5
reg
(5)
Kanal 9(9)
MTV
TLC
TV8
TV10
(8)
(10)
(17)
(21)
(14)
Discovery Channel
(12) TV12
TNT(15)
Eurosport 2(48)
BBC World News(27)
Axess TV(25)
C More Series(52)
History(30)
(53)
(31)
Fox(13)
Disney XD(39)
BBC Earth(37)
Cartoon Network(37)
CNN(26)
C More First(51)
(22) Investigation Discovery
TV6(6)
Nickelodeon Comedy Central(34) (16)
National Geographic HD
Sportkanalen
BBC Brit
Viasat Explore
Travel Channel
(19)
(55)
(46)
(54)
(23)
(32)
(29)
C More Live HD/Hits HD
C More Fotboll/Hockey/Stars
Al Jazeera(28)
C More Sport/SF-kanalen
06
18(35) NickJr TV4 Film
(41)
Regional service
(82) fixed capacity
Kanal 5 HD
TV4 HD
reg
reg
SVT1 HD
reg
SVT2 HD
TV3 HD
(65)
(64)
(63)
(62)
(61)
reg
Animal Planet HD(20)
Horse & Country TV
Kunskapskanalen
SVT2
2 reg
SVT1
2 reg
(1/96)
(2/97)
(98)
(99)
Eurosport(47)
Barnkanalen/SVT24
05
19
06
18
06
Disney
Channel(38)
22
VH1 (42)
(36)Boomerang
06
21
Swedish DTT Network - Infrastructure
• Mux* 1 (Public Service) 99,8% coverage**
• Mux 2-7 98% coverage
• Main stations 54 (mux 1-7)
• Intermediate stations 110 (mux 1-7)
• Small sites 416 (mux 1)
* DTT Multiplex = A bundle of TV services that have been digitized, compressed and combined into a
data-stream for transmission to the consumer over a single channel
** Population coverage2017-03-29 Erik Stare 12
Swedish DTT Network – Customer offerings
DTT Broadcast:- 98% coverage- Basic SLA- MPEG2/SD, MPEG4/SD, MPEG4/HD
Local content distribution (e.g. local news and advertising)
Basic DTT Broadcast
Extended coverage
Regionalization
Enhanced SLA
Additional 1,8% coverage
Improved SLA (reliability, security etc)
All customers
SVT
SVT
SVT, TV4,
TV3, Kanal 5
+ local services
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 13
Swedish DTT Network – Regionalization 2017
Broadcast service Regionalization
SVT1 / SVT2 21 + 21 regions
SVT1 HD / SVT2 HD 19 + 19 regions
TV3 19 regions
TV3 HD 19 regions
TV4 28 regions
TV4 HD 28 regions
Kanal 5 19 regions
Local TV services 3 services
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 14
Very short tutorial aboutdigital terrestrial TV
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 15
Simplified transmission chain for digital terrestrial TV
Channel
De-
mux
Mux
Video
coding
Audio
coding
Video
decoding
Audio
decoding
Modulation
Demodulation
Uncompressed
video
Uncompressed
audio
Decompressed
video
Decompressed
audio
MPEG-2 TSRF
(”air interface”)
Other services
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 16
Constant and variable bit rate
• The efficiency of video coding / bit rate reduction depends on a number of
factors, e.g. how ”difficult” the material is
• Because the criticality of the material varies over time one gets the
following relations:‒ With constant bit rate (CBR) the quality varies over time
‒ With constant quality one gets a variable bit rate (VBR)
‒ None of these are desirable!
Picture quality, Q Picture quality, Q
tid tid
B, bit rate Q, Subjective picture quality
CBR VBR
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 17
Statistical multiplexing
• A large number of variable-bit rate (VBR) video services are
combined into a stream that has both constant bit rate and a
constant video quality
Time
Capacity
Mbit/s
TV service 4
TV service 3
TV service 2
TV service 1
Service Information, CA, bootloading etc
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 18
Multiplexing
• The result of the audio/video coding is put in so-called MPEG-2 Transport
Stream packets (TS packets)
• The multiplexing operation assembles TS packets from different services to
one single data stream – the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (MPEG-2 TS)‒ One ”colour” per service component (e.g. ”video of SVT2” or ”audio of SVT1”)
• This stream is broadcast over the air by the modulator/transmitter and is
demultiplexed by the receiver
TS packet 1 TS packet 2 TS packet 3 …
188 byte = 188 x 8 bits per TS packet
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 19
…
MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS)
Modulation
Channel
De-
mux
Mux
Video
coding
Audio
coding
Video
decoding
Audio
decoding
Modulation
Demodulation
Uncompressed
video
Uncompressed
audio
Decompressed
video
Decompressed
audio
MPEG-2 TSConstant bit rate
RF signalUHF: 8 MHz (ch.21-48)
VHF: 7 MHz (ch. 5-12)
DVB-T or DVB-T2
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 20
Spectrum for Digital Terrestrial TV
• UHF band IV/V channel 21-48: 470-694 MHz
• VHF band III channel 5-12: 174-230 MHz
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
frequency
7 MHz
174 MHz 230 MHz
VHF band III
frequency
8 MHz
790 MHz
UHF band IV/V
21 22 … … 60…4948… … … 47 61 … 69
862 MHz
800 MHz
band
(earlier allocated
to 4G/LTE)
700 MHz
Band
(fully released
31 Oct 2017)
694 MHz470 MHz
Status today of
700 MHz band release(green=no DTT
in 700 MHz band)
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 21
Worldwide Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast Standards
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 22
DVB-T and DVB-T2
• DVB-T (1997) was the first emission standard for digital terrestrial TV‒ 8 MHz RF bandwidth
‒ Possible to choose trade-off between capacity and C/N (C/I) performance
‒ Used in mux 1-5
‒ Capacity = 22.1 Mbit/s with same coverage as analogue TV
• DVB-T2 (2009) is based on DVB-T but with a lot of new functionality
• DVB-T2 allows for about 50% higher capacity than DVB-T for the
same coverage
• After release of 700 MHz band (after 31 Oct 2017)‒ 3 muxes with DVB-T (SD with MPEG-2/MPEG-4 video coding)
‒ 3 muxes with DVB-T2 (SD & HD with MPEG-4 video coding)
‒ Total broadcast capacity per site = 163 Mbit/s
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 23
DVB-T och DVB-T2 use OFDM
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
frequency relative to centre frequency f cp
ow
er
sp
ectr
um
de
nsity
MHz
dB
2 k mode
8 k mode
OFDM spectrum
Representation of OFDM in
the time-frequency plane
Guard Interval (GI)/Cyclic prefix (CP)
used to protect against multipath
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 24
DVB-T2 builds on DVB-T
• OFDM based (thousends of orthogonal carriers)
• Same basic OFDM parameters as DVB-T‒ FFT size‒ Guard interval‒ Pilot patterns
• But also many new values
• Many other additions and improvements
• A lot of the signal processing in the receiver is similar to DVB-T
• T2 receivers also support DVB-T
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 25
Symbol time (FFT size) and guard interval
• With DVB-T2 the symbol time can be increased by a factor two (16K FFT) and
four (32K FFT) compared to DVB-T‒ Reduces the overhead due to guard interval for a given size of guard interval (size of
SFN) increased capacity
32K symbolGI
GI 8K symbol
~6% overhead
in DVB-T2
25% overhead in DVB-T with maximum guard interval
• Increases possible guard interval size and therefore size of SFN for a given percentage
GI overhead
potentially more efficient frequency plan
• DVB-T2 may also use the same symbol periods as DVB-T (8K, 4K, 2K)
≈ 1 ms
≈ 4 ms
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 26
Flexibility in pilot pattern
• DVB-T has a fixed pattern of scattered pilot cells
• DVB-T2 has 8 different patterns to choose from, depending on
network type and reception conditions
• Minimises pilot overhead
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 27
Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• DVB-T has a convolutional code + Reed-Solomon
• DVB-T2 has an LDPC code + BCH code‒ Same as in DVB-S2 (satellite) and DVB-C2 (cable)
‒ Iterative decoding of LDPC
‒ 6 code rates: 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6
‒ Flexibility to make desired trade-off between capacity and robustness
‒ FEC block size (Nldpc): 64800 bits or 16200 bits
BBFRAME BCHFEC LDPCFEC
(Nldpc bits)
Kbch Nbch-Kbch
Nbch= Kldpc
Nldpc-Kldpc
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 28
Interleaving
• Interleaving is of fundamental importance for the RF performance
on non-AWGN channels
• DVB-T2 has several interleavers‒ Bit interleaver within a FEC block
‒ Cell interleaver within a FEC block
‒ Time interleaving within
‒ Frequency interleaving within an OFDM symbol
• The result is that bit errors caused by the channel are equally
distributed among the FEC blocks, and also within FEC blocks
maximises error correction ability of the LDPC/BCH code
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 29
Erik Stare
Kmin=0
TPS pilots and continual pilots between Kmin and Kmax are not indicated
boosted pilot
data
Kmax = 1 704 if 2K
.....
.....
.....
.....
..... .....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
Kmax = 6 816 if 8K
Interleaving in DVB-T and DVB-T2
Kmin=0
TPS pilots and continual pilots between Kmin and Kmax are not indicated
boosted pilot
data
Kmax = 1 704 if 2K
.....
.....
.....
.....
..... .....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
Kmax = 6 816 if 8K
FECFECFECFEC
FEC
FEC
DVB-T
DVB-T2
Single erased OFDM-symbol
Bit errors
Single erased OFDM-symbol
Can be corrected!Time
2017-03-29 30
Modulation
• T2 has a 256-QAM mode‒ Carries 8 bits per data cell
• The T2 standard also includes‒ 64-QAM
‒ 16-QAM
‒ QPSK
‒ … inherited from DVB-T
256-QAM
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 31
Performance for DVB-T2 modulation and FEC close to theoretical limits
Capacity limits for a channel with white noise (AWGN)
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
6,00
7,00
8,00
9,00
10,00
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0
Eff
ecti
ve b
its p
er
Cell
C/N
Capacity Performance
DVB-T2 QPSK DVB-T2 16-QAM DVB-T2 64-QAM
DVB-T2 256-QAM Shannon Limit BICM Limit
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 32
Challenges for the future
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 33
Some issues with current DTT
• Reduced spectrum
• Increased-quality services (SDHDUHD)
• Cost reduction needed
• Energy reduction needed
• Local services vs Single Frequency Networks
• Difficult to handle UHDTV efficiently
• Network optimized for roof-top reception‒ mobile reception requires dedicated optimised “mobile signals”‒ or “half-good” compromise
• Very difficult to introduce X-polar MIMO‒ Due to existing H-only receiving antennas
• No broadband (bi-directional point-to-point/unicast)
• Relatively “isolated” from mobile telecom‒ Not implemented in handheld devices
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 34
Migration to new standards
• Painful process to migrate to new broadcast standards
• Difficult to justify a new “DVB-T3” standard without radically improved
performance & functionality
• A small step is not enough…
• Is a “giant leap” possible?
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 35
WiB – A new system concept for DTT
• Developed at Teracom
• IBC2016 Best Conference Paper Award
• May potentially resolve all identifies issues
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 36
How could that be achieved?
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 37
Traditional frequency planning
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
12
3
4
5
6
7
12
3
4
5
6
7
12
3
4
5
6
7
12
3
4
5
6
7
12
3
4
5
6
7
12
3
4
5
6
7
12
3
4
5
6
7
km
km
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 38
• Only a fraction of the UHF channels are used
from a given transmitter (TX) site‒ Typically about 1/5th of the channels (reuse-5)
• In order to get sufficiently high total DTT capacity high order constellations are used‒ DVB-T: 64-QAM‒ DVB-T2: 256-QAM
• These require a high SNR and therefore a lotof power
Frequency
Power [W] (drawn to scale)
UHF1 UHF2 UHF3 UHF4 UHF5 UHF6 UHF7 UHF8 UHF24 UHF25 UHF26 UHF27 UHF28
DVB-T2
Mux 1
…
2500
DVB-T2
Mux 2
DVB-T2
Mux 6
No power
…
Required TX power for traditional DTTExtremely unbalanced RF power across UHF channels –
sub-optimum from efficiency point of view!
2017-03-29 39Erik Stare
Shannon’s law and required power
• Required power (SNR) increases exponentially with capacity (spectral efficiency)
• High capacity also meanshigh sensitivity to interference
• Increased power not a goodway to further increaseoverall capacity
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 40
𝑹 = 𝑩 ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐(𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹) [bits/s]
What about the other way around?
• Using instead a more robust transmission mode (lower required SNR)‒ Going backwards on the exponential curve!‒ Allows for a large reduction in power
• Allows using a lower reuse factor, i.e. more spectrum per site‒ Larger basic signal bandwidth
• Why not go all the way to QPSK and reuse-1?
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 41
Increased spectrum
exploitation (reuse-1)
Reduced
power
Frequency
Power [W] (drawn to scale)
UHF1 UHF2 UHF3 UHF4 UHF5 UHF6 UHF7 UHF8 UHF9 UHF10
WiB…
UHF24 UHF25 UHF26 UHF27 UHF28
DVB-T2
Mux 6
DVB-T2
Mux 2DVB-T2
Mux 1 …
2500
50
17 dB difference
per RF channel
Factor 50!
WiB - Spreading the power equally over all frequencies(Single wideband WiB signal from all sites, reuse-1)
About 90% less total TX power by using all frequencies2017-03-29 Erik Stare 42
Basic principles of WiB
• Wideband‒ Wideband transmission as a single WiB signal
‒ Covering potentially the whole 224 MHz UHF
band (28 UHF channels)
• Reuse-1‒ Adjacent TXs use the same frequencies
‒ Very challenging interference situation
‒ e.g. C/I = 0 dB
• Robust transmission mode required‒ e.g. QPSK, req. C/N close to 0 dB
• Interference Cancellation‒ Removes unwanted interference
• Frequency hopping (optional)
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 43
Frequency
Power [W] (drawn to scale)
UHF1 UHF2 UHF3 UHF4 UHF5 UHF6 UHF7 UHF8 UHF9 UHF10
WiB…
UHF24 UHF25 UHF26 UHF27 UHF28
DVB-T2
Mux 6
DVB-T2
Mux 2DVB-T2
Mux 1 …
2500
50
RF1RF2RF3RF4RF5RF7
Time
Frequency4*8=32 MHz
RF6
• High basic robustness (close to C/I=0 dB)
• Rejection via RX antenna
‒Rooftop: Directional antenna
Antenna discrimination 16 dB (ITU)
‒Mobile: Dynamic beamforming
• Interference cancellation
TX1
TX2
TX3
RX
How to handle interference
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 44
TX = Transmitter site
RX = Receiver
TX1
TX2
TX3
RX
N=1
C3=1
C2=2
C1=4
N=1
C3=1
C2=2
Demodulated
and
cancelled
N=1
C3=1
Demodulated
and
cancelled
Demodulated
Required C/N = 0 dB (linear 1)
TX1
TX2
RX
Cancellation
of TX2
Interference cancellationVia Successive Interference Cancellation
and/or Receiver Antenna Beamforming/Cancellation
All TXs are synchronised but
with different content and
pilots
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 45Antenna beamforming may be independently optimised for each cancellation step!
Antenna beamforming
Receiver complexity
• A receiver is not expected to demodulate the 224 MHz WiB signal (200-300 Mbps) as
a whole‒ A receiver rather extracts a selected service and demodulates only the associated part of the
signal
‒ Only (e.g.) 4*8 MHz = 32 MHz at a time, then frequency hopping to new 32 MHz block etc
‒ Additional complexity for frequency-hopping tuner (e.g. TFS) is low
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 46
RF1RF2RF3RF4RF5RF7
Time
Frequency4*8=32 MHz
RF6
• What we do have:‒ Factor 4 increase in sampling frequency and FFT size due to wider tuner bandwidth
‒ Additional complexity for Interference Cancellation‒ but rather limited thanks to all TXs being synchronized
‒ small loop rather than full remodulation
Network performance simulations
Time correlation type Best TX Wanted TX
Inter/Intra site (C) 3.41 bps/Hz 1.55 bps/Hz
Intra-site (U1) 3.38 bps/Hz 1.37 bps/Hz
No correlation (U2) 4.07 bps/Hz 1.60 bps/Hz
• Effective TX antenna height 250 m
• 60 km TX separation
• 1 kW ERP per UHF channel (17 dB lower than today)
• Propagation according to ITU-R P.1546
• Standard deviation: 5.5 dB (shadow fading) + 2.0 dB (frequency-dependent fading)
• Spatial correlation model
• Three different time correlation models (C, U1, U2)
• Directional RX antenna at 10 m (11 dBd gain, max 16 dB discrimination)
• Best TX case: The best TX is chosen irrespective of content
• Wanted TX case: A particular TX (with desired content) is required
• Interference cancellation of up to 2 TX signals
• Spectral efficiency calculated as average (normalized) Shannon capacity (95% probability, 99% of time) in the worst point
DVB-T2 today: about 1 bps/Hz
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 47
High bit rate services
• Thanks to the wideband nature of WiB, the system can efficiently
handle video services with high peak data rate (28-40 Mbps)
‒ such as UHD
• This includes also close-to-ideal handling of variable-bit rate services
(statistical multiplexing)
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 48
Reduced costs
• Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)‒ Single wideband transmitter (TX)
‒ Required total output power about half of one existing DTT TX
‒ No need for combiners - only a single wideband RF filter
‒ Lower equipment volume/weight‒ May allow mast positioning of the TX no RF feeder needed
‒ Lower performance requirements on TXs (linearity etc), due to robust transmission
‒ Drastically reduced need for cooling and backup power
• Operational Expenditures (OPEX)‒ >90% reduction in fundamental energy consumption
‒ Reduced maintenance need (less equipment, less sensitive, longer lifetime)
‒ No need for frequency planning and frequency changes
Combiner room today
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 49
Additional note:
• Combiners and feeder together amount to about 3 dB attenuation
• Getting rid of these allows for a further halving of power consumption A total of 95% reduction !
Extension of the basic WiB concept(examples)
• Cross-polar MIMO (H + V polarisation on the same frequency)
‒ May further double the WiB capacity
‒ Could be backwards-compatible with legacy RX antennas‒ Existing antennas would get ”normal WiB capacity”
‒ Sufficient separation via RX antenna polarization discrimination (16 dB)
‒ User with a new antenna could get twice the capacity
• Superposition-based combination of broadcast and unicast (mobile
telecom) in the same spectrum ‒ Transmission on the same time/frequency (e.g. on the same ”resource block”) with
controlled power difference
‒ Separated in the receiver by (LDM-based) successive interference cancellation
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 50
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
• FDM: Each signals may only use a subset of spectrum, but all time
• TDM: Each signal may use all spectrum but only a subset of time (time slot)
• NOMA (aka LDM): Each signal may use all spectrum all time‒ Several signals are superimposed using the same time/frequency (e.g. resource block)
‒ One layer may be broadcast/multicast
‒ Several possible unicast layers
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 51
N=1
C3=1
C2=2
C1=4
N=1
C3=1
C2=2
Demodulated
and
cancelled
N=1
C3=1
Demodulated
and
cancelled
Demodulated
Instead of this prolonged tug of war…
DTT spectrum Mobile Telecom spectrum
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 52
… why not this Win-Win peace project?
DTT
Mobile Telecom
NOMA/LDM transmission using the same spectrum
(100% of time, 100% of frequency)
Mobile Telecom receivers first
demodulate and cancel DTT
Mobile Telecom signals are
”invisible” for DTT receivers
Controlled level
distance
Separated via
Interference
Cancellation
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 53
A WiB VisionSame system/standard for broadcast and unicast
5G New Radio - Broadcast
5G New Radio - Unicast
Same NOMA/LDM-based system/standard
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 54
2017-03-29
Vertical
Sector
#1
WiB
DTT
(DVB-T/T2)
Horizontal polarisation
Vertical polarisation
DTT vs WiB:
• WiB @ 17 dB lower power/RF channel
• 16 dB polarisation discrimination
• WiB unlikely to significantly affect current DTT
operation!
• DTT may have some negative impact on WiB, but
limited due to WiB wideband nature
Vertical
Sector
#2
Vertical
Sector
#3
Vertical
Sector
#4
New advanced antennas with (e.g.)
• 18 horizontal 20-degree sectors
• Vertical lobe width < 1 degree
Several superimposed
signals within each sector
using LDM
Erik Stare 55
WiB-BC + WiB-UC(Example)
TX ABC
WiB-UCN
WiB-BC
WiB-UC
WiB-BC
WiB-UC
WiB-BC
3 dB
3 dB
3 dB
20 dB
10 dB
C (10 km) B (20 km) A (30 km)
Horizontal
Sector (20°)
• WiB-UC may exploit the (far) better C/(N+I) closer to the TX
• Users A, B and C may also use the same spectrum in LDM (more efficient than TDF/FDM)
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 56
Possible standardisation paths for WiB
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 57
DVB Commercial and
Technical
Study Missions
about WiB
(until end of May 2018)
DVB
Standard?3GPP-5G
Standard?
WiB – Summary of gains
• Increased spectral efficiency
• Radically reduced network cost‒ and energy consumption
• Unconstrained use of local services
• Allows for efficient handling of UHD‒ Close-to-ideal video coding statmux gain (VBR services)
• Doppler performance allowing high-speed mobile reception of all “roof-top” services
• Broadcast and broadband in the same spectrum
• Converged win-win solution with mobile telecom
Big enough leap?
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 58
IBC2016 Best Conference Paper Award to WiB
2017-03-29
From award ceremony 11 Sept 2016 at IBC, Amsterdam
From left
• Erik Stare, Teracom
• Peter Klenner, Panasonic
• Jordi Giménez, UPV
Erik Stare 59
Thank you for your attention!
2017-03-29 Erik Stare 60