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1. C O M P U T E R T E C H N O L O G Y ( S 1 O B J 2 2 - 3 A N
D O B J 3 - 2 ) SOFTWARE PART B
2. SOFTWARE CATEGORIES There are two main type of software
categories Operating Systems Software Application Software Each
serve a different but important part in the information processing
cycle.
3. UNDERSTANDING OPERATING SYSTEMS
4. OPERATING SYSTEMS
5. OPERATING SYSTEMS JOB Booting: the sequence of events that
occurs when you turn the computer on and when it becomes ready to
process data. During this process, the computer does several
things: It runs a self-tests to make sure everything is working
correctly. It checks for peripheral devices (a device connected to
the computer that expands the computers input, output or storage
capabilities). It then loads the operating system.
6. OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS The
Operating System is the master controller on your computer.
Computers cannot function without an operating system. The OS
manages the computer's memory, processing, software and
hardware.
7. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS Operating systems usually come
preloaded on a computer when you buy it. Most people use the
operating system that comes with their computer, but it is possible
to upgrade or even change operating systems. The three most common
operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac
OS X, and Linux.
8. WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS Almost 90% of the
operating system market share Introduced in 1995 Pros:
Compatibility: Almost every application, driver or game will work
on Windows. Ease of use: Much easier to use than Linux Software
Selection: Windows has the largest selection of software available
Cons: Security: More vulnerable to virus attacks Slower: Windows
requires a lot of computer resources (memory, processor, disk
space), and thus, runs slower. Price: Costs over a hundred dollars.
Software available for Windows computers can also be
expensive.
9. MAC OPERATING SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS MAC OS has the first
ever successful graphical-based operating system, released one year
before Windows. Pros: Viruses: Macs get fewer viruses(mostly
because of Window superior market) Reliability: Mac OSX is very
stable. When an application crashes, only the application is
affected, thus it keeps working without the entire system crashing.
Speed: The system manages its resources more effectively Cons:
Expensive: MAC OSX costs more than Windows. Also MAC computers cost
more than a comparable PC. Only available on Apple computers: If
you already have a computer, you cannot install MAC OS on it unless
it's an Apple Compatibility: Fewer programs and games run on MAC
than its Windows counterpart
10. LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS Smaller Operating
System than Windows or MAC OS, but growing Pros: Cost: Linux is
F-R-E-E. You can download it, install it, use it, and customize it
FREE! Variety: To use Linux, additional software needs to be
bundled with it. Several hundred bundles (called "distributions" or
"distros") exist. The most popular ones include Ubuntu, Mint and
Fedora. The good thing is, with so many different distros, there is
always one to suit your needs! Reliability: Can often be used for
months without needing to be rebooted. Cons: Complicated: Linux
requires advanced computer knowledge in order to get it to work.
Compatibility: Does not have as many programs or games as Windows,
although some distros allow you to run Windows software Vendors:
You won't find a lot of vendors selling Linux computers. Usually,
you'll just end up buying a Windows computer, reformatting the hard
drive, and installing Linux yourself.
11. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE Modern operating systems use
Graphical User Interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey) An interface
allows you, the user, to communicate with your computer. GUI lets
you use a mouse to click on icons, buttons and menus Icon: An image
(graphic) that represents an executable file. Menu: A dropdown list
or table of executable options Before GUI, computers used
command-line interface which meant the user had to type every
single command and the computer would only display text.
12. Command-Line Interface vs. Graphical User Interface GUI has
made computers much easier to use!
13. WYSIWYG WYSIWYG ( /wziw/ WIZ-ee-wig)is an acronym for What
You See Is What You Get. The term is used in computing to describe
a system in which what you see displayed on your screen during
editing appears in a form close to its appearance when printed or
displayed as a finished product, which might be a printed document,
web page, or slide presentation. This was not possible with a
command-line interface.
14. Operating Systems for mobile devices generally aren't as
fully-featured as those made for desktop or laptop computers. You
can still do a lot of things on your mobile device including:
watching movies, browsing the internet, managing your calendar,
playing games, and more Operating Systems for Mobile Devices
15. OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR MOBILE DEVICES Mobile devices such as
phones, tablet computers, and mp3 players run operating systems
that are designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of
mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone 7, and
Google Android.
16. UNDERSTANDING APPLICATIONS
17. WHAT IS AN APPLICATION OR APP? An application (or app) is
software designed to help the user perform specific tasks.
Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called
desktop applications or application software. Applications for
mobile devices are called mobile apps. When you open an
application, it runs inside the operating system until you close
it. You can have more than one application open at the same
time--this is known as multitasking.
18. APP VS. APPLICATION Remember: Mobile Apps are simple
applications that can be downloaded from the Internet cheaply or
even for free. Many apps are available for mobile devices and even
some TVs. Desktop Applications are more full- featured software
that allow you to run complex software like a word processor,
spreadsheet, computer game, or web browser.
19. Click below to watch a short video clip about Computer
Applications
20. COMMON APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application Software Categories
Category Example Possible uses for this software Word Processing MS
Word Writing a letter, creating a report Presentation MS PowerPoint
Creating a presentation (slide show) about a specific topic.
Spreadsheet MS Excel Calculating a set of numbers, creating charts
Database MS Access A collection of information organized to provide
efficient retrieval Desktop Publishing MS Publisher Creating
flyers, catalogues and posters Web Browsers Internet Explorer,
Firefox Viewing a web page Image Editing Photoshop, Paint
Sketching, shrinking and re-coloring images Accounting Quicken,
Sage Keeping track of money coming in and going out in a
business
21. THE END! THERE IS NEVER AN END TO THE POSSIBILITIES IN THE
WORLD OF COMPUTING! Works Cited http://www.informatics-tech.com/
http://www.gcflearnfree.org/