Digital jewellery

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Digital jewelry

Technical Seminar Report

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Electronics and Communications Engineering

By

T. Harish Kumar (11621A0456)

Under the guidance of

Ms .T. Sireesha

Associate professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Aurora's Engineering College Bhuvanagiri, Nalgonda District – 508 116

(Affiliated to JNTUH and Accredited by NBA, New Delhi)

(2014-15)

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Aurora's Engineering College Bhuvanagiri, Nalgonda District – 508 116

(Affiliated to JNTUH and Accredited by NBA, New Delhi)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report entitled Digital Jewelry has been submitted

by Mr T. Harish kumar bearing Roll No 11621A0456 under my guidance in partial fulfilment of the

degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering to the Jawaharlal

Nehru Technological University Hyderabad during the academic year 2014-15.

Date:

Name of the Supervisor Seminar Coordinator

Mr. V. Kumara Swamy Mr. J. Srikanth

Head of Department Principal

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Acknowledgment

It gives me immense pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude to my

supervisor Shri.Vinod Chavan for his invaluable guidance, motivation, constant inspiration and

above all her ever co-operating attitude enabled me in bringing up this thesis in present elegant

form.

I am extremely thankful to Mr.V.Kumara Swamy, Head, Department of

Electronics & Communication Engineering and the faculty members of Electronics &

Communication Engineering Department for providing all kinds of possible help and advice

during the course of this project.

I am greatly thankful to all the staff members of the department and all my

well-wishers, class mates and friends for their inspiration and help. It is a great pleasure for me

to acknowledge and express my gratitude to my parent for their understanding, unstinted

support and endless encouragement during my study.

T.HARISH KUMAR

ROLL NO: 11621A0456

Department of Electronics &Communication Engineering

AURORA’S Engineering College, Bhuvanagiri.

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Abstract

Mobile computing is beginning to break the chains that lie us to our decks .but many

of today‘s mobile devices can still be a bit awkward to carry around. In the next age of

computing, there will be an explosion of computer parts across our bodies, rather than across

our desktops. However, researchers are looking to change the way we think about the beads

and bobbles we wear. The combination of microcomputer devices and increasing computer

power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewelry with embedded

intelligence i.e., Digital jewelry. Digital jewelry can best be defined as wireless, wearable

computers that allow you to communicate by ways of e-mail, voicemail, and voice

communications. This paper enlightens on how various computerized jewelry (Like ear-rings,

necklace, ring bracelet, etc.,) will work with mobile embedded intelligence

It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we

use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords

and keys needed to access any door or computer program. This paper discusses about a new

Java-based, computerized ring that will automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.

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CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Scope 1

1.2 Purpose 2

1.3 what is digital jewellery 2

1.4 Digital jewellery and its components 2

1.5 charmed communicator’s eyepiece 6

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 7

2.1 history of wireless communications 7 2.2 Wireless vision 8

2.3 Low cost and low power radios: Bluetooth and zigbee 8 2.4 Jewellery as communication 9 2.5 People and their awareness 11

3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DIGITAL JEWELRY 12

3.1 Display technologies 12 3.2 Electromagnetic beads 13

3.3 Prototypes of digital jewellery 14

4. THE JAVA RING 16

4.1 Components of java ring 17 4.2 Working of java ring 18 4.3 Operating system of java ring 20

4.4 Applications of java ring 20 4.5 Advantages of java ring 21

5. APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 22

5.1 Applications 22

5.2 Ongoing achievements 22 5.3 Advantages 23 5.4 Limitations 23

6. CONCLUSION 25

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

1.1 Digital accessions 3

1.2 Speakers embedded in to earnings 3

1.3 Microphone embedded necklace 4

1.4 Magic decoder ring 4

1.5 .a Bluetooth bracelet 5

.b Prototype bracelet 5

1.6 The eyepiece 6

2.1 IDEO’S techno jewelry 11

3.1 Alphanumeric or graphic types 12

3.2 Electromagnetics beads 14

3.3 Hiox necklace 14

3.4 Programmable HIOX ring 15

4.1a. The java ring 16

b. DS9104 Digital Decoder 16

4.2 Blue dot receptor 18

4.3 Opening door using java ring 19

4.4 Working process of java ring 19

6.1 Digital watch 24

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1. INTRODUCTION

The latest computer craze has been to be able to wear wireless computers. The

Computer Fashion Wave, "Digital Jewelry" looks to be the next sizzling fashion trend of the

technological wave. The combination of shrinking computer devices and increasing computer

power has allowed several companies to begin producing fashion jewelry with embedded

intelligence. Today’s manufacturers place millions of transistors on a microchip, which can be

used to make small devices that store tons of digital data. The whole concept behind this is to

be able to communicate to others by means of wireless appliances. The other key factor of this

concept market is to stay fashionable at the same time.

As computing and technology become more ubiquitous in their conception, there is

evidence that designers are looking for methods of bridging technology with the human form

(corporate examples include IBM, Philips and Nike). The technology of the large corporate

companies is about mass-produced changes in our personal experience of the world. Mass-

production is by its nature detrimental to intimacy and the sense of individual experience.

Jewelry is about an intimate relationship between an individual and an object, and often forms

a link in the relationship between one person and another. This paper illuminates the

contribution that contemporary jewelry design can make to the design and conception of digita l

communication devices, illustrating a creative methodology for creating new objects

embodying technology. The method acts to bridge the areas of HCI, contemporary jewelry and

other design disciplines. This research is not about inventing new mobile phones or PDAs,

which are worn in a novel way on the body, but is about the design and application of wearable

digital technology using the methods and perspective of a Contemporary Jeweler. The results

include a new model and perspective for viewing objects, in particular wearable objects

involving computer technologies. This paper has significance both directly within design and

craft as well as wider implications outside of this field.

By the end of the decade, we could be wearing our computers instead of sitting in front of them.

1.1 scope

This seminar is about the design and application of digital jewelry which will be

implemented very soon in the real world. Through developing the pieces and critiquing existing

forms of information and communication devices I became aware that the issues raised by the

potential integration of digital technologies and jewelry were considerable. There has been a

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radical shift in our relationships with, and experiences of, digital technologies during the last

sixty years. Developments of body-focused digital objects have fundamentally altered our

relationship with digital technologies, both physically and emotionally.

1.2 Purpose

The advent of digital jewelry has revolutionized the jewelry business by making it more

than just a fashion accessory, and in the near future we could all be wearing it as a vital means

of communication. Mobile phones may have reduced in size over the years, due to shrinking

computer devices and a major increase in computer power, but digital jewelry will enable you

to go one step further by adorning your body with a selection of compatible mobile components

that will work together as well as any mobile phone, and look stylish at the same time.

1.3 What Is Digital Jewelry?

Digital jewelry is the fashion jewelry with embedded intelligence. “Digital jewelry”

can help you solve problems like forgotten passwords and security badges. “Digital jewelry”

is a nascent catchphrase for wearable ID devices that contain personal informat ion like

passwords, identification, and account information. They have the potential to be all-in-one

replacements for your driver’s license, key chain, business cards, credit cards, health insurance

card, corporate security badge, and loose cash. They can also solve a common dilemma of

today’s wired world – the forgotten password.

1.4 Digital Jewelry and Its Components

Soon, cell phones will take a totally new form, appearing to have no form at all. Instead

of one single device, cell phones will be broken up into their basic components and packaged

as various pieces of digital jewelry. Each piece of jewelry will contain a fraction of the

components found in a conventional mobile phone. Together, the digital-jewelry cell phone

should work just like a conventional cell phone.

The various components that are inside a cell phone: -

Microphone, Receiver, Touch pad, Display, Circuit board, Antenna, and Battery.

IBM has developed a prototype of a cell phone that consists of several pieces of digita l

jewelry that will work together wirelessly, possibly with Blue tooth wireless technology, to

perform the functions of the above components {1}.

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Figure 1.1: cell phones may one day comprised of digital accessories that work

Together through wireless connections

Here are the pieces of computerized-jewelry phone and their functions:

Earrings - Speakers embedded into these earrings will be the phone's receiver.

Figure 1.2: Speakers Embedded Into Earnings

These days many manufacturers are developing things like Bluetooth devices in the

form of pendants or earrings that people can wear that help enhance their mobile phones,

computers PDAs, basically anything that uses similar Technology.

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Necklace - Users will talk into the necklace's embedded microphone

Figure 1.3: Microphone Embedded Necklace

Necklace transfer the information in the forms of signals. It works with the help of

sensors which is embedded in it. It is mainly by blue tooth technology.

Ring - Perhaps the most interesting piece of the phone, this "magic decoder ring” is

equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that flash to indicate an incoming call. It can

also be programmed to flash different colors to identify a particular caller or indicate the

importance of a call.

Two of the most identifiable components of a personal computer are the mouse and

monitor. These devices are as familiar to us today as a television set. However, in the next

decade, we could witness the disappearance of these devices, at least in their current form.

Several companies, including IBM and Charmed Technology, are working on ways to

create a head-mounted display. IBM is also working to shrink the computer mouse to the size

of a ring and create a wrist-worn display.

Figure 1.4: IBM's magic decoder rings will flash when you get a call.

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The same ring that flashes for phone calls could also inform you that e-mail is piling

up in your inbox. This flashing alert could also indicate the urgency of the e-mail.

The mouse-ring that IBM is developing will use the company's Track Point technology

to wirelessly move the cursor on a computer-monitor display. (Track Point is the little button

embedded in the keyboard of some laptops). IBM Researchers have transferred TrackPoint

technology to a ring, which looks something like a black-pearl ring. On top of the ring is a little

black ball that users will swivel to move the cursor, in the same way that the TrackPoint button

on a laptop is used.

This Track Point ring will be very valuable when monitors shrink to the size of watch

face. In the coming age of ubiquitous computing, displays will no longer be tied to desktops or

wall screens. Instead, you'll wear the display like a pair of sunglasses or a bracelet. Researchers

are overcoming several obstacles facing these new wearable displays, the most important of

which is the readability of information displayed on these tiny devices.

Bracelet - Equipped with a video graphics array (VGA) display, this wrist display could

also be used as a caller identifier that flashes the name and phone number of the caller.

Figure 1.5: (a) Bluetooth Bracelet built in rechargeable battery, when a call is coming

the bracelet will vibrate and lamp flash (b) Prototype bracelet display developed by

IBM

With a jewelry phone, the keypad and dialing function could be integrated into the

bracelet, or else dumped altogether -- it's likely that voice-recognition software will be used to

make calls, a capability that is already commonplace in many of today's cell phones. Simply

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say the name of the person you want to call and the phone will dial that person. IBM is also

working on a miniature rechargeable battery to power these components.

1.5 Charmed Communicator’s Eyepiece

Charmed Technology is already marketing its digital jewelry, including a futurist ic -

looking eyepiece display.

Figure 1.6: The eyepiece above displays images and data received wirelessly from the

communicator’s belt module

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Wireless communications is, by any measure, the fastest growing segment of the

communications industry. As such, it has captured the attention of the media and the

imagination of the public. Cellular systems have experienced exponential growth over the las t

decade and there are currently around two billion users worldwide. Indeed, cellular phones

have become a critical business tool and part of everyday life in most developed countries, and

are rapidly supplanting antiquated wire line systems in many developing countries. In addition,

wireless local area networks currently supplement or replace wired networks in many homes,

businesses, and campuses. Many new applications, including wireless sensor networks,

automated highways and factories, smart homes and appliances, and remote telemedicine, are

emerging from research ideas to concrete systems.

2.1 History of Wireless Communications

The first wireless networks were developed in the Pre-industrial age. These systems

transmitted information over line-of-sight distances (later extended by telescopes) using smoke

signals, torch signaling, flashing mirrors, signal flares, or semaphore flags. An elaborate set of

signal combinations was developed to convey complex messages with these rudimentary

signals. Observation stations were built on hilltops and along roads to relay these messages

over large distances. These early communication networks were replaced first by the telegraph

network (invented by Samuel Morse in 1838) and later by the telephone. In 1895, a few decades

after the telephone was invented, Marconi demonstrated the first radio transmission from the

Isle of Wight to a tugboat 18 miles away, and radio communications was born. The first

network based on packet radio, ALOHANET, was developed at the University of Hawaii in

1971. This network enabled computer sites at seven campuses spread out over four islands to

communicate with a central computer on Oahu via radio transmission. The network

architecture used a star topology with the central computer at its hub. The U.S. military was

extremely interested in the combination of packet data and broadcast radio inherent to

ALOHANET. Throughout the 1970’s and early 1980’s the Defense Advanced Research

Projects Agency (DARPA) invested significant resources to develop networks using packet

radios for tactical communications in the battlefield. Packet radio networks also found

commercial application in supporting wide-area wireless data services. These services, first

introduced in the early 1990’s, enable wireless data access (including email, file transfer, and

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web browsing) at fairly low speeds, on the order of 20 Kbps. A strong market for these wide-

area wireless data services never really materialized, due mainly to their low data rates, high

cost, and lack of ―killer applications. These services mostly disappeared in the 1990s,

supplanted by the wireless data capabilities of cellular telephones and wireless local area

networks (LANs). The introduction of wired Ethernet technology in the 1970’s steered many

commercial companies away from radio-based networking.

2.2 Wireless Vision

The vision of wireless communications supporting information exchange between

people or devices is the communications frontier of the next few decades, and much of it

already exists in some form. This vision will allow multimedia communication from anywhere

in the world using a small handheld device or laptop. Wireless networks will connect palmtop,

laptop, and desktop computers anywhere within an office building or campus, as well as from

the corner cafe. In the home these networks will enable a new class of intelligent electronic

devices that can interact with each other and with the Internet in addition to providing

connectivity between computers, phones, and security/monitoring systems. Such smart homes

can also help the elderly and disabled with assisted living, patient monitoring, and emergency

response. Wireless entertainment will permeate the home and any place that people congregate.

Video teleconferencing will take place between buildings that are blocks or continents apart,

and these conferences can include travelers as well, from the salesperson who missed his plane

connection to the CEO off sailing in the Caribbean. Wireless video will enable remote

classrooms, remote training facilities, and remote hospitals anywhere in the world. Wireless

sensors have an enormous range of both commercial and military applications.

2.3 Low-Cost Low-Power Radios: Bluetooth and Zigbee

As radios decrease their cost and power consumption, it becomes feasible to embed

them in more types of electronic devices, which can be used to create smart homes, sensor

networks, and other compelling applications. Two radios have emerged to support this trend:

Bluetooth and Zigbee. Bluetooth radios provide short range connections between wireless

devices along with rudimentary networking capabilities. The Bluetooth standard is based on a

tiny microchip incorporating a radio transceiver that is built into digital devices. The

transceiver takes the place of a connecting cable for devices such as cell phones, laptop and

palmtop computers, portable printers and projectors, and network access points. Bluetooth is

mainly for short range communications, e.g. from a laptop to a nearby printer or from a cell

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phone to a wireless headset. Its normal range of operation is 10 m (at 1 mw transmit power),

and this range can be increased to 100 m by increasing the transmit power to 100 mw. The

system operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz frequency band. The Bluetooth standard is named

after Harald I Bluetooth, the king of Denmark between 940 and 985 AD who united Denmark

and Norway.

2.4 Jewelry as Communication

When designing devices that enable communication between individuals using

technology, the significance of how the device relates to the user as an individual, rather than

a member of a collective, is of great importance. This paper draws on practice centered research

into the integration of digital technologies within contemporary jewelry and focuses on

opposing notions of jewelry and the gadget within the conception and design of wearable

digital communication devices.

The desire to make the human form the locus for digital devices is increasingly evident

in the proposals and developments of digital device designers. This motivation is often

technology led as a result of the increasing ubiquitous and miniaturized nature of computing

and technology. However, the body, as a site for interactive devices, has much wider

possibilities. This paper explores the contribution and perspective of Contemporary Jewelry in

the design and conception of wearable digital devices, reflecting the awareness of jewelers to

the person/object relationship and notions of personal significance.

Randall White, professor of anthropology at New York University suggests that any

discovery of collective human coexistence can be described as a society if there is evidence of

jewelry in that collective. He states that "What people wear, and what they do to and with their

bodies in general, forms an important part of the flow of information - establishing, modifying,

and commenting on major social categories. This perspective provides a view of jewelry, which

establishes it as a defining signifier of society and the power relationships within it {1}.

There is evidence throughout history that objects have been worn or attached to the

body to symbolize status, difference and a way of asserting individualism. These first

connections between purpose and self-adornment form the precursors of what we now know

as jewelry. Traditionally jewelry has followed in these footsteps. It has been used to symbolize

wealth, social status and cultural positioning. However the power an object has, particula r ly

one worn on the body, to exemplify and express many broader concepts has advanced the

medium of jewelry from this traditional role [1].

IBM’s design approach can be characterized as a 'problem solving' one, and has led to

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solutions of equivalent quality to high street, commercial accessories, with a predictability of

form and function. Turning to jewelry because "if you have something with you all the time,

you might as well be able to wear It." shows a narrow interpretation of what jewelry is and a

naivety in this case of the problems which are in need of solving. In allowing function to lead

the concept the perceived issues or problems are potentially shallow and the resulting designs

will only echo this. The more important, significant problems of why such devices should be

made, or how such devices can enhance communication between people are not evident in

these pieces.

Research and Development at Philips has produced concepts for the integration of

technology in our communities, homes and clothing. Philips is an example of a company with

a number of approaches to the design of digital devices. They take a user centered approach

stating "The traditional design disciplines are integrated with expertise from the human

sciences and technology through a multi-disciplinary, research-based approach that makes it

possible to create new solutions that satisfy and anticipate people's needs and aspirations.

Philips suggest that "As new technological developments advance they become well

and smaller as we use refined, miniaturized technology. But there are limits to miniaturizat ion.

It can help make products smaller and easier to use, but the ultimate dream is not to have easier

tools: it is not to have to bother with tools at all! The step forward then is the integration of

functions into objects that we do not feel clutters us, which are part of our life. Philips approach

shows an openness to form and mode of interaction, their proposed devices often suggest

playful ways of interacting with the systems, but in terms of wearable devices their suggest ions

echo qualities of 'products' rather than 'jewelry.

Product Design Company IDEO has produced proposals for wearable digita l

appliances, which intimate notions of jewelry. The ideas consist of: Cell phone rings, where

the ear piece and mouth piece telephony are embedded in finger jewelry, 'Toe Jewelry', which

facilitates navigation around a city, through the use of satellites and a PDA power plant on a

belt, a Sports watch which supplies data of your performance, to upload to your PDA for

analysis and a low powered ear mounted phone. The forms still resemble products, rather than

jewelry, but they show a more imaginative interpretation of how to wear digital devices than

many product design companies.

As these examples illustrate, the majority of digital devices to date using the body as

their canvas and locus are from a functionalist led standpoint. Craft theorists such as

Greenhalgh (2002) discuss the relevance of technology for makers of craft objects and there is

a recognizable shift in the embrace of such notions. However there are very few contemporary

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jewelers going beyond the expression of ideas and aesthetics attributed to digital technology in

their work.

IDEO’s Techno jewelry proposals for digital jewelry include Cell phone, Rings, where

the ear piece and mouth piece are embedded in finger jewelry, and GPS Toes, toe rings which

act as directional indicators and are wirelessly connected to a GPS receiver kept in a bag or

worn on a belt. Elements of these designs show a more sensitive understanding of what it means

to integrate an object into your appearance by wearing it. Their focus on the hands and feet are

described by IDEO as: “non-intrusive locations for useful innovations, these concepts prove

that new devices needn’t look alien to your person and that we can make technology adapt to

our lifestyles rather than the other way around.”

Figure 2.1: IDEO’s Techno jewelry

2.5 People and Their Awareness of Digital Jewelry

A survey was conducted for this purpose through social network (Facebook, Twitter)

Participants included: 138 people, age group 19-30, Male and Female. Our results concluded

the following-There are 106 people(77%) do not about digital jewelry, while there are 32

people (23%) they may have heard or read about it. About 73% accept the idea of digita l

jewelry. The most popular field used for Digital Jewelry is Intelligence. This is comparing with

medical and social fields.

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3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF DIGITAL JEWELRY

Digital jewelry devices consist of a screen or display for information, most likely

consisting of 7-16-segment, or dot matrix LEDs, LCDs, or other technologies such as

electroluminescent material (EL) or others, which could become an optional display.

So too, an audiovisual or other 'display' could consist of a speaker, a single flashing

light, a sensor of some kind (such as a temperature driven EL display), or other informationa l

aesthetic. The display layer sits on a face of the device, which is enclosed in some material

such as plastic, metal, crystal, or other material.

It has external switches and buttons on its side and a data-port for accessing the

programmable electronic circuit inside. A micro controller that is a surface mounted device

(SMD) on a printed circuit board (PCB) with resistors (R) and capacitors (C) are the interna l

‘guts' of the jewelry.

3.1 Display Technologies

The digital jewelry display, for instance, every alphabet and number system has found

representation within the electronics realm and 'dot-matrix' (a matrix of single LEDs) is used

to display Chinese and Japanese and other character sets, as can the alternative display for

LCDs (liquid-crystal-displays) also be used, as often found in watches.

Figure 3.1: Alphanumeric or graphic display types

Digital Jewelry can be made in many different sizes and shapes with a variety of

materials ranging from plastic and metal to rubber and glass. They utilize electromagnetic

properties and electronics to display information through a screen or display of some kind. This

could range from LED 7-segment, 16-segment, dot matrix, and other programmable LEDs

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devices to LCDs, OLEDs, and other displays, which are all driven by the self-contained jewelry

devices themselves[1].

A dot matrix is a 2-dimensional patterned array, used to represent characters, symbols

and images. Every type of modern technology uses dot matrices for display of information,

including cell phones, televisions, and printers. They are also used in textiles with sewing,

knitting, and weaving.

In printers, the dots are usually the darkened areas of the paper. In displays, the dots

may light up, as in an LED, CRT, or plasma display, or darken, as in an LCD. Although the

output of modern computers is generally all in the form of dot matrices (technically-speaking),

computers may internally store data as either a dot matrix or as a vector pattern of lines and

curves. Vector data encoding requires less memory and less data storage, in situations where

the shapes may need to be resized, as with font typefaces. For maximum image quality using

only dot matrix fonts, it would be necessary to store a separate dot matrix pattern for the many

different potential point sizes that might be used. Instead, a single group of vector shapes is

used to render all the specific dot matrix patterns needed for the current display or printing

task.

Sixteen-segment displays were originally designed to display alphanumeric characters

(Latin letters and Arabic digits). Later they were used to display Thai numerals and Persian

characters. Before the advent of inexpensive dot-matrix displays, sixteen and fourteen-segment

displays were some of the few options available for producing alphanumeric characters

on calculators and other embedded systems. However, they are still sometimes used

on VCRs, car stereos, microwave ovens, telephone Caller ID displays, and slot

machine readouts.

Sixteen-segment displays may be based on one of several technologies, the three most

common optoelectronics types being LED, LCD and VFD. The LED variant is typically

manufactured in single or dual character packages, to be combined as needed into text line

displays of a suitable length for the application in question.

3.2 Electromagnetic Beads

The closest comparison to this model is that of 'beads' which are strung together to make

a custom necklace or bracelet, with interchangeable electromagnetic component systems or

devices. One bead may be a capacitor on the inside, and a solar panel on the outside.

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Another bead may have an internal resistor which feed power into a programmed

microcontroller bead which drives an external screen, with other options available in a variety

of bead configurations which compose a circuit, including beads with a Piezo element, voltage

regulator, crystal, or rechargeable battery as part of the modular jewel circuit [2].

The number of data pins on the microcontroller needs to be enough to easily program

the display layer plus the switches without overly complex and advanced coding methods. The

key to the device's ability to work effectively is a balancing of electronic components within

the circuit with a light-duty processing and limited power consumption required for the display

(d) layer.

Figure 3.2: Electromagnetic Beads

3.3 Prototypes of Digital Jewelry

Figure 3.3: Hiox Necklace

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The figure 3.3 shows a complete HIOX necklace showing al 26 letters of roman alphabets

extended in 4-dimentional space lifetime. Metal with leather cord.

Figure 3.4: Programmable HIOX Ring with 16-Segment LED Display

A Sixteen-Segment Display (SISD), sometimes called a "Union Jack" display or a

"British Flag" display is a type of display based on 16 segments that can be turned on or off

according to the graphic pattern to be produced. It is an extension of the more common seven-

segment display, adding four diagonal and two vertical segments and splitting the

three horizontal segments in half. Other variants include the fourteen-segment display which

splits only the middle horizontal segment.

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4. THE JAVA RING

It seems that everything we access today is under lock and key. Even the devices we

use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of the passwords

and keys needed to access any door or computer program.

Dallas Semiconductor is developing a new Java-based, computerized ring that will

automatically unlock doors and log on to computers.

Figure 4.1

(a)The Java Ring can be programmed to give you access to every door and device.

(b)DS9104 Digital Decoder

For over 10years, Dallas semiconductor also has been designing, making and selling a

line of highly secure microprocessors are used in satellite TV descramblers, automatic teller

machines, point of sale terminals, and other similar applications requiring cryptographic

security and high resistance to attack by hackers. Postal Service's (USPS) Information Based

Indicia Program Postal Security Device Specification, intended to permit printing of valid U.S.

postage on any PC, provided the first opportunity to combine two areas of expertise when a

secure microprocessor was designed into an I Button the resulting product, named the Crypto

I Button, combines high processor performance and high-speed cryptographic primitives, and

exceptional protection against physical and cryptographic attacks of outsiders. An agreement

between Dallas Semiconductor and RSA Data Security Inc. Provides a paid-up license for

anyone using the Crypto I Button to perform RSA encryption and digital signatures so that no

more further licensing of the RSA encryption technology is required so far. High security is

afforded by the ability to erase the contents of NVRAM extremely quickly. This feature, rapid

zeroization, is a requirement for high security devices that may be subjected to attacks by

hackers. As a result of its high security, the Crypto I Button is expected to win the FIPS 140-1

security certification by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (N IST).A special

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operating system was designed and stored in the ROM of the Crypto I Button to support

cryptography and general-purpose financial transactions -- such as those required by the Postal

Service program. While not a Java virtual machine, the Ecommerce firmware designed for this

application had several points of similarity with Java, including an object-oriented design and

a byte code interpreter to interpret and execute Dallas Semiconductor's custom-designed with

the E-Commerce Script language

The DS9104 Digital Decoder Ring is a portable database disguised as jewelry with the

DS1996 Memory I Button as signet. Data is transferred serially using the 1-Wire® protocol

through a simple interface. Data is first written to a scratchpad, verified, and then transferred

to NV memory. The 64-bit serial number guarantees that each ring is unique and traceable. The

ring communicates by touch through a parallel or serial port interface. Applications include

access control to buildings, doors, and computers and digitized storage of personal information

Note: Rings cannot be resized as the I Button will not withstand the high temperatures required.

The Java Ring, first introduced at Java One Conference, has been tested at Celebration

School, an innovative K-12 school just outside Orlando, FL. The rings given to students are

programmed with Java applets that communicate with host applications on networked systems.

Applets are small applications that are designed to be run within another application

At Celebration School, the rings have been programmed to store electronic cash to pay

for lunches, automatically unlock doors, take attendance, store a student's medical information

and allow students to check out books. All of this information is stored on the ring's I Button.

Students simply press the signet of their Java Ring against the Blue Dot receptor, and the

system connected to the receptor performs the function that the applet instructs it to. In the

future, the Java Ring may start your car.

4.1 Components of Java Ring

The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters (0.6 inches) in diameter, which

houses a 1-million-transistor processor, called an I Button. The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32

KB of ROM, a real-time clock and a Java virtual machine, which is a piece of software that

recognizes the Java language and translates it for the user's computer system[4].

Digital jewelry, (designed to supplement the personal computer,) will be the evolution

in digital technology that makes computer elements entirely compatible with the human form.

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Highlights of Java Ring

Runs Java better (plus portions enhance Java Card 2.0)

Careful attention to physical security (rapid zeroization)

Durability to stand up to everyday use

High memory capacity (up to 134K bytes NV SRAM)

Retail connectivity to 250 million existing computers (less if designed-in before

manufacturing)

Figure 4.2: Blue Dot Receptor

The Java Ring is snapped into a reader, called a Blue Dot receptor, to allow

communication between a host system and the Java Ring. I Button requires connection to a

reader known as a Blue Dot Receptor in order to be supplied with power and to receive input

and send output. The read/write operation will be done by this blue dot receptor provided by

RS232 serial port adaptor.

Receptor cable connects to the USB port of PC or any embedded system. The

information is transferred between the I Button and pc with momentary touching java ring.

4.2 Working of Java Ring

Since java ring is programmed with the applets and the programming is done according

to our application and this will specific for the specific user. All information of the user is

stored in the java ring. Figure 4.3 shows how java ring is used to open the door. User simply

has to press the signet of the java ring against the blue dot receptor and the system connected

to the receptor performs the function that the applets instruct it to.java ring has the user profile

and the same profile is present in the door embedded

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Figure 4.3: Opening door using Java Ring

system also, when the user press the signet of the java ring against the java ring reader which

is embedded at the handle of the door the data is transferred from the ring to door system. if

the profile is authentic means user is authentic to open the door the applets president in the ring

instruct the door to open.

Information is transferred between I Button and a PC with a momentary contact, at up

to 142K bits per second. To do that one presses I Button to the Blue Dot receptor, a 15 pipeline

into PC. The Blue Dot sticks to any convenient spot on the front of a PC and is cabled to the

serial or parallel port in the back.

Figure 4.4: Working process of Java Ring (Source: Java Card Technology)

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According to the Dallas Superconductor’s information, over 41 million I buttons are

currently in circulation. List of the major users include the U.S. Post Office, entire truck fleet

fitted with I Buttons that track vehicle maintenance; Citizens of Istanbul, Turkey, who store

digital cash in the I Button, using the device as a small change purse on their mass transit

system. It was also said that the U.S. Postal service has approved.

Java ring is programmed with the applets according to our application. For specific

class of user specific java applets is preloaded in to the java ring. All the information of the

user is stored in the java ring. User simply presses the signet of the java ring against the “blue

dot” receptor and the system connected to the receptor performs the function that the applet

instructs to.

Java rings are authorized through Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) so that no

one can steal a person’s ring and use that ring. The java ring provides very high degree of

security for the confidential data that is stored in the NVRAM memory.

4.3 Operating System in Java Ring

A special operating system was designed and stored in the ROM of the Crypto I Button

to support cryptography and general-purpose financial transactions – such as those required by

the Postal Service program. While not a Java virtual machine, the E-Commerce firmware

designed for this application had several points of similarity with Java, including an object-

oriented design and a byte code interpreter to interpret and execute Dallas Semiconductor’s

custom-designed E-Commerce Script Language [3].

A Compiler was also written to compile the high-level language representation of the

Script Language to a byte code form that could be interpreted by the E-Commerce

VM.Although the E-Commerce firmware was intended primarily for the USPS application, the

firmware supports a variety of general electronic commerce models that are suitable for many

different applications. The E-Commerce firmware also supports cryptographic Protocols for

secure information exchange such as the Simple Key-Management for Internet Protocol (SKIP)

developed by Sun Microsystems Inc.

4.4 Applications of Java Ring

Access control to buildings and equipment

Secure network login using challenge/response authentication

Storage vault for user names and passwords

User profile for rapid Internet form-filling

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Digital signatures for e-commerce

United States Postal Service Postal Security Device for PC Postage downloadable over

the Internet.

Digital photo ID and fingerprint biometrics

Thermochron applications

4.5 Advantages

Java ring is wearable.

Completely controlled by the user. Provides authentication to users which is crucial for

many applications. Easier for administrator to maintain the security infrastructure.

Rapid Zeroization -zeroisation (also spelled zeroization) is the practice of erasing

sensitive parameters (electronically stored data, cryptographic keys, and CSPs) from a

cryptographic module to prevent their disclosure if the equipment is captured. This is

generally accomplished by altering or deleting the contents to prevent recovery of the

data.

More secure than using passwords.

Portable.

Provides real memory, more power, and a capacity for dynamic programming.

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5. APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

5.1 Application

I. In Social Networking

The use of digital jewelry in the areas of social communication help to easy

communication between users as well as help to interact and respond faster as it helps

to share the latest information around the world then the digital jewelry helps rapid

response and high efficiently.

You can communicate with your friends, family, as your need as effective way.

II. In Personal Field

The java ring help the employee in the companies to reminder the time of the meeting

by saving the date on this ring (Rings can notify for not only phones, it may include

email and messages or any other kind of notification) , or to communicate with other

stuff easily by using the other component of the jewelry eg: Earrings, Necklace…etc

III. In Intelligence Field

Digital jewelry can be used to adjust the Security Council, where it is considered a

modern method and easy to use in the transfer of information in a more secure and

confidential due to their small size and used it on a personal level.

IV. In Medical Fields

That the use of jewelry digital in the medical field a big impact at facilitating their career

where it’s become a means of: communication very easy between the patient and the

doctor or the medical staff as a whole, used in follow-up patients and outside the

hospital easily, the patient can communicate with his doctor with ease, whether in the

hospital or at home as well as at the medical level they.

5.2 Ongoing achievements:

Charm badge

Intelligent Spectacles

Smart Wrist Watch

Magic Decoder ring

Charmed Communicator Eyepiece

Mouse Ring

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5.3 Advantages

It provides SECURITY.

For example, JAVA RING is used to lock or unlock doors or computers. As we

use passwords and keys to lock our doors and computers. We don’t need to

remember all those passwords and carry all those keys. So java ring is designed

to provide security.

It is easy to carry everywhere.

As COMPUTING DEVICES are embedded, it is not necessary to carry CELLS

or COMPUTERS it is not necessary to carry CELLS or COMPUTERS.

5.4 Limitations

Charging capabilities and cost are the sample of problems.

Display is very small

Rays may be harmful

No water proof should be taken

Very expensive to afford

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6. CONCLUSION

The basic idea behind the digital jewelry concept is to have the convenience of wireless,

wearable computers while remaining fashionably sound. The combination of shrinking

computer devices and increasing computer power has allowed several companies to begin

producing fashion jewelry with embedded intelligence. Today, manufacturers can place

millions of transistors on a microchip, which can be used to make small devices that store tons

of digital data. Researchers have already created an array of digital-jewelry prototypes. "We've

made one of almost everything except tongue rings," says Dan Russell, senior manager

of IBM's Alma den Research Lab, where IBM is developing digital-jewelry technology.

Figure 6.1: Digital Watch

Russell says that digital jewelry is the beginning of the disintegration of the personal

computer into tiny pieces. It is hoped to be marketable soon, however, several bugs remain.

Charging capabilities and cost are just a sample of the problems that lurk.

The role posited, through this research, of a contemporary jeweler is not how to add an

aesthetic to a technology, or how you wear something, but that a jeweler can force much bigger

questions and issues, which involves questioning motivations, relevance’s, and forms of digita l

appliances and interaction. As a result of this next phase the aim is to use the findings to develop

a reflective review of the researcher's own practice.

The research will generate empirical data for mainly qualitative analysis. In this way

the activities will inform one another and allow refinement and development of the research

methodology and in turn the researcher's own practice. It is anticipated that the research will

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test the appropriateness of Contemporary Jewelry as a creative strategy in the further

development of such technologies.

Furthermore it will define new design methodologies, which will bridge the roles of

Designer and Jeweler. If successful this research will enhance the relevance of Contemporary

Jewelry and establish its value as a source of knowledge in a post-industrial age. The researcher

will produce a thesis and a series of jewelry objects, which will be presented in the form of one

or more exhibitions, which will address the issue of transparency and communication of

content. As stated by Professor Randall White Jewelry is a defining signifier, it was in the

Middle-Upper Paleolithic age and this research can demonstrate that it still is today.

The purpose of having digital jewelry is to use the different technologies provided in

computers or other devices in a smaller easy to carry device. We have went so far down that

road with all the existing digital jewelry. However, the future is wide open for any new ideas

in that field to make our lives much easier .New combinations of this sort may change our

everyday tasks to make it simpler, thus saving our time money and energy.