Digilution (or digital revolution) of business travel. In this presentation we will look at all the changes around car transportion: technology, platform, collaborative economy, driverless car.
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Over the last 100 years, urban transportation may have experienced two revolutions in the way it is powered, structured and managed.
The first one is the generalization of underground rapid transit systems — tube, subway, metro — i.e. a subterranean mass public transportation network relying on electricity.
The second revolution, in the post-war economic boom, was the intense growth of personal motorized vehicles such as cars.
While the development of the first one is more than even on the agenda, the latest—though still very much alive—is not considered anymore as a sustainable policy when it comes to urban transportation.
When Cities Get Smarter, They Start Sharing Again – 3rd Revolution
In the last ten years, thanks to a significant outbreak in information technologies (IT), cities have experienced a genuine shift in the way their transit systems are structured and the way urbanites commute in their neighborhoods.
This is due to the extraordinary boom of sharing systems, as in bicycle sharing systems, car sharing systems, etc.
Bicycle sharing systems allow a city to add another layer of ‘public’ transportation to its matrix.
A network of bicycles hubs are installed throughout a perimeter, each of these hubs possesses a self-service machine allowing you to subscribe a short-term membership for instance.
Each of these hubs offers a certain amount of bike slots, ideally half of these slots has bicycles available (allowing the user to check out a bicycle) and the other half stays empty (allowing the user to return their bicycle).
‘Smart Cities’ At Their Best Vehicle-sharing Schemes
On the 4th of December 2013, Paris celebrated the second anniversary of its self-service electric car sharing system: Autolib’.
Operating with a similar design to Vélib’, though not on the same scale, Autolib’ is taking systems such as ZipCar to the next step by providing self-service electric cars, with pick-up stations situated on the street, with vehicles the user can simply pick up and return in the same way as a bicycle.
Vehicle-sharing schemes (may they be bicycles, motorbikes or cars) are a striking example of an excellent interaction between IT, smartphone devices, users and urban transportation.
The result is a highly flexible extra layer of transportation, at a reasonable cost, which acts as a trigger in generating larger trends in terms of transport behavior and sustainability in the city.
Carsharing or car sharing (in the UK known as car clubs) is a model of car rental where people rent cars for short periods of time, often by the hour.
Car sharing is a growing trend in the U.S., but in Europe it has drawn particular interest with many players jumping into the market, including manufacturers like Daimler and BMW.
The demand is high, because car ownership among the under-30 demographic is dropping in Europe and Germany in particular, Jones says. “Car ownership is becoming less and less attractive.”
Car Rental Economy Is Being Disrupted Car Sharing - CiteeCar
CiteeCar, a new European startup with a hybrid low-cost model.
CiteeCar launched last December 2012 and is in three cities: Berlin, Hamburg and Munich, with 360 cars.
The cars people rent by the hour are owned by a financing company but managed by CiteeCar, but are maintained and parked with a peer “host” who doesn’t work for CiteeCar.
CiteeCar, based in Luxembourg, buys Kia Rios and agrees to sell them back to Kia after one year.
By keeping them for one year instead of three or more as rental car companies often do, the cars stay high-quality
CiteeCar finances the purchases through a third-party, so technically the financing company owns them and CiteeCar leases them.
The model could be a quick way for manufacturers to jump into car sharing without building their own system like Daimler or BMW, or buying in, like Avis did with ZipCar.
Car Rental Economy Is Being Disrupted Car Sharing - CiteeCar
Like ZipCar, CiteeCar then rents the cars out to its members.
Key difference: “CiteeHosts.”: have their own parking space and host a car. In exchange for this, they get free use of the car for a certain number of hours per month
CiteeCar’s peer-to-peer parking helps the company scale quickly
One surprise is how the hosts have become key evangelists. Some are active on social media and online forums promoting the company. ”It’s not just the parking the provide, they’re also the eyes and ears on the street when we’re not there,”
CiteeCar also is speaking to businesses that have parking spaces that could become hosts. In this scenario, businesses would use the cars during weekdays but individuals could use the cars on weekends.
People who are not hosts pay €5 per month for membership plus €1 per hour of driving plus €0.20 per kilometer.
Hertz customers from the Middle East will now be able to hire a wide variety of vehicles
when needed, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and for any length of time -hourly, daily, weekly or monthly- from any of 1,800 neighborhood and airport locations in the USA, France, Germany, UK, Spain and Australia.
After registering for the service, customers will receive their own personal Hertz ‘keyfob’ which they can then load with credit.
The Hertz 24/7 customer experience is powered by the fast and easy Hertz “Click. Swipe. Go!” process.
Customers click on hertz247.com or hertz.com from a mobile device or laptop and complete the 24/7 reservation process, walk to their reserved car only minutes away where they swipe the 24/7 keyfob against the reader on the windshield to unlock the doors.
Then Go!, after retrieving the keys tethered to the dashboard.
Uber carved a small niche for itself in the private driver-for-hire market, but with so much competition out there, it clearly understands the need to diversify its offering and appeal to a bigger market
Hailo, GetTaxi, Cabulous, Ride Charge, TaxiBeat
SnapCar distances itself from Uber as it moves towards Business Class and wants to be the ‘private chauffer 2.0′
Disruption in the Taxi and Black Car Space – Black Car Platform
SummitQwest, has mastered the art of controlling black car costs for his corporate clients( up to 15% savings)
SummitGround, a standardized black car invoicing platform.
Suppliers agree to submit their invoices electronically through SummitGround.
SummitGround runs the invoice against dozens of QC checks and client-specific business rules. Those that pass are sent on to the client for payment. Those that don’t are suspended for the supplier’s review.
Clients pay clean invoices, and thereby get access to a rich database of their black car costs (Reports are quite detailed).
SummitLink, a black car reservation system, provides total trip cost for each supplier.
This tool works best for buyers with at least $400k in black car spend.
ABI Research forecasts that shipments of in-vehicle infotainment systems, equipped with one or more smartphone integration technologies, will grow substantially over the next five years
Reaching 35.1 million units globally by 2018.
Questions are:
Who will control the user interface for cars?
iPhone apps, Android apps, or carmakers?
Who will deliver the best UI in a safe, appropriate mode to drivers?
Car OEMs aren't exactly known for their skills in developing apps, while no app developers in their right mind would want to develop so many different versions of an app separately (for Ford, General Motors, BMW, and Toyota).
The In-vehicle Applications Have Gone Digital! Apple Ios In The Car
iOS in the Car (abbreviated as iOSitC)
New standard introduced for its iOS devices to be able to work with manufacturers' built-in in-car systems.
t was unveiled during the opening keynote of the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 10, 2013.
iOS in the Car seamlessly integrates your iOS device — and the iOS experience — with your in-dash system.
If your vehicle is equipped with iOS in the Car, you can connect your iPhone 5 or later and interact with it using the car’s built-in display and controls or Siri Eyes Free.
Now you can easily and safely make phone calls, access your music, send and receive messages, get directions, and more. It’s all designed to let iPhone focus on what you need, so you can focus on the road.
The In-vehicle Applications Have Gone Digital! Apple Ios In The Car
List of companies selling or planning to sell cars with either iOSitC or Siri Eyes Free support, in alphabetical order
Acura, Audi, BMW, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Ferrari, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai, Infiniti, Jaguar, Kia, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, Nissan, Opel, Toyota and Volvo.
A report by ABI Research predicts that within five years half the 35 million or so cars that ship in the United States supporting smartphone integrated entertainment systems will support Apple’s iOSitC.
The In-vehicle Applications Have Gone Digital! Google in The Car
Google presented at the CES 2014, the company's response to Apple: Android in the Car
in-car system will hook up to the user's Android phone, so they can locate their car, check if you've locked the doors or even start the car remotely and turn on the heating - a huge bonus on frosty mornings.
There's also a suggestion that two-way communication between the search giant and in-car devices will vastly improve traffic prediction on Google Maps.
Google is planning to use Miracast, a peer-to-peer wireless screen casting standard formed via WiFi Direct, to display apps running on Android phones on an in-car infotainment screen.
Assuming that WiFi signals are present inside a car.
The In-vehicle Applications Have Gone Digital! Google in The Car
Open Automotive Alliance is a global alliance of technology and auto industry leaders committed to bringing the Android platform to cars starting in 2014.
Hyundai, Audi, Honda and General Motors will be the first to benefit from 4G internet connections and voice activated functions.
The In-vehicle Applications Have Gone Digital! Mirrorlink Promoted by CCC
Car Connectivity Consortium (CCC) is an organization “dedicated to developing global standards for smartphone in-car connectivity.”
Since its inception in February 28, 2011 the CCC has grown to 94 members
representing over 70% of the worldwide market share in vehicles and over 60% of the worldwide market share in smartphones.
The Car Connectivity Consortium's first effort is MirrorLink™.
Technology standard that allows a consumer to access their phone using the same controls they use for accessing the car radio, climate control, and navigation system.
Provides a mechanism that ensures only approved applications are accessible while driving.
Applications will be approved using a standardize testing process
Covisint, a provider of back-end secure data services, demonstrated a new concept in personal profiles for cars at the 2014 Detroit auto show.
In the demonstration, an owner could log into a Web site run by Covisint and populate a virtual garage with any cars he owns.
He could upload her contact list from a smartphone and program in any other preferences or settings, such as social media log-ins.
Covisint used Hyundai's BlueLink system, which it runs, will let Genesis owners access point-of-interest searches, vehicle health reports, and roadside assistance through Google Glass.
Car renting app to actually grade your driving skills in terms of speed, braking, turning, acceleration, etc.
smartphone apps like Drivewise.ly and Drivesafe.ly that
You even have the ability to challenge your friends, family and business associates to achieve safe driving goals.
When you consider how important safe driving habits are to a company’s travel department and risk management team, doesn’t it make sense to equip road warriors with these types of safe driver apps that could ultimately earn them a reward for safely driving a rental car?
For example, achieve three consecutive 80% + safe driver ratings and, on your next trip, receive a complimentary car/hotel room upgrade.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is widely expected to announce standards and mandates for car-borne beacons that will broadcast location information to other vehicles on the road.
The beacons will warn drivers when a collision seems imminent
when the car ahead breaks hard, for example, or another vehicle swerves erratically into traffic.
Automakers may then use this information to take the next step: program automated responses.
Level one cars include standard safety features such as ABS brakes, electronic stability control, and adaptive cruise control (ACC).
Level two, level-one features like lane centering and ACC tie together and the car begins to drive itself.
Level three has the Google-style autopilot.
And level four is the holy grail—the car that can drive you home when you're drunk and then go fetch another six-pack.
Already NHTSA has mandated level-one technologies in every new car. Several automakers have systems that approach level two on the test track, and Mercedes appears to be the first to market.
Mounted on top of the car it determines the distance and position of surrounding objects by sending out laser pulses and measuring how long it takes for the light to bounce back.
On the Google cars, the device makes about 10 rotations per second, gathering data about objects within a circle of roughly 70 meters.
b) Radar
Three radar sensors in the front part of the car, and one behind, also help detect nearby objects and determine how close they are.
c) Position Sensors
A sensor on the left rear wheel detects small movements. This data, when combined with information from a GPS system and internal gyroscopes, helps the self-driving car calculate which direction it is facing.
The company wants to prove (in a statistical, actuarial sense) that the auto-drive function is safe: not perfect, not crash-proof, but safer than a competent human driver.
"We have a saying here at Google," says Levandowski. "In God we trust—all others must bring data.“
Data reveal that Chauffeur will, on average, travel 36,000 miles before making a mistake severe enough to require driver intervention.
A mistake doesn't mean a crash—it just means that Chauffeur misinterprets what it sees.
The software also performs hundreds of diagnostic checks a second
Uber to purchase 2,500 driverless Google GX3200 vehicles
uberAUTO driverless cars on the road by the end of the year
As part of the deal, the companies will work together to install the latest Uber logistics software directly into the vehicle, and Uber will share some of its traffic and routing data back to Google. With that data, Google says it will be able to provide more accurate real-time information to all cars that are part of its autonomous driving network.
Driverless cars and on-demand transportation services has resulted in faster commute times and less congestion in many major cities over the last five years.
Uber claims that its service has reduced traffic by up to 35 percent already in many of its biggest markets, and putting more efficient driverless cars on the road should only help improve that.
The company will be ready with multiple, commercially-viable Autonomous Drive vehicles by 2020.
Work is already underway in Japan to build a dedicated autonomous driving proving ground, to be completed by the end of fiscal year 2014.
Nissan's autonomous driving will be achieved at realistic prices for consumers. The goal is availability across the model range within two vehicle generations.
Laser scanners, Around View Monitor cameras, as well as advanced artificial intelligence and actuators, have been installed in Nissan LEAFs to enable them to negotiate complex real-world driving scenarios.
Nissan's autonomous driving technology is an extension of its Safety Shield, which monitors a 360-degree view around a vehicle for risks, offers warnings to the driver and takes action if necessary.
Volvo plans to release 100 AVs on roads near Gothenburg, the country's second largest city.
"Drive Me" project is meant to demonstrate the societal benefits of autonomous driving, point out situations well-suited for AV use, and show what sort of infrastructure might be needed once we have thousands on the highways.
The self-driving technology used in the pilot allows you to hand over the driving to the car.
The first AVs are due in 2017, based on Volvo's XC90 model, which debuts next year. Volvo will begin testing the "user interface and cloud functionality" in 2014.
The trial will see when drivers want control of the wheel and when they are happy giving it up, and what sort of safety measures might be needed if they're unable to regain control.
The carmaker claims "Drive Me" is the first large pilot in the world.
Ford Unveils Its First Autonomous Vehicle Prototype
Automated Fusion Hybrid Research Vehicle
Replacing the massive, spinning LIDAR units on current autonomous vehicles are four smaller scanners poking out of the roof like a quartet of antennae. Linked together, the LIDAR units compose a 360-degree, three-dimensional view of the surroundings, processing the information and allowing the vehicle to accelerate, brake, and steer without driver intervention.
Ford Unveils Its First Autonomous Vehicle Prototype
Ford is working on vehicle-to-vehicle communication that alerts drivers about congestion, accidents, and weather up ahead.
After those systems are implemented, Ford expects adaptive cruise control, steering, and V2V systems to allow packs of cars to join a road train on highways, with the eventual goal of creating a highly automated — not “driverless” — car.
Chinese automotive company BYD has a car you can buy today … with an actual, real, operational remote control.
The BYD Su Rui is an ordinary-looking 5-seat sedan with 154 horsepower and 36 miles to the gallon.
But it comes standard with very un-ordinary remote control technology that allows owners to park the car in tight spots, call the car over to pick them up in case of inclement weather, or show off for their friends — all at the sedate pace of 1.2 miles per hour.
The LUTZ is a system of driverless cars, or pods, that will be deployed in Milton Keynes, a town northeast of London. The British government is funding the project, along with other efforts to make the U.K. a leader in innovation around next-generation transportation.
Programming your destination before you get into your car and it takes you safely to your final destination.
This is a big data solution not possible without mobile communications
ROPITS was developed for Japan’s growing population of elderly people and people with physical disabilities.
Tsukuba is one of the first cities in Japan to allow self-driving vehicles.
Hitachi's ROPITS' navigation system combines GPS, stereo cameras, and multiple laser range finders - and can drive to selected destinations on a tablet pc or mobile device
Armadillo-t: An Electric Car That Can Fold Itself In Half
August 2013 saw KAIST (the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) announce the Armadillo-T: an electric car that can fold itself in half.
Created to save parking space in traffic-congested cities, the compact two-seater can ‘tuck’ its rear structure away during parking, to occupy only one-third of a regular five-meter-wide parking lot.
Drivers can operate and fold their cars remotely via a smartphone app.
German rail network Deutsche Bahn will this year begin testing a car-sharing program with foldable electric cars produced by Hiriko.
The MIT-instigated two-seater car, which drives on the road as a normal vehicle and has a sliding rear section that folds into the front cabin when it comes time to park, is set to launch in the Northern Hemisphere Spring.
Standard road markings will be replaced with photo luminescent powder that charges in the daylight and glows through the night.
When the temperature drops below freezing, the road will automatically light up with snowflake indicators to warn drivers of possible ice, sort of like the Coors beer cans that turn blue when they’re extra cold.
Pro-Teq is currently testing Starpath, an ultraviolet-powered glow-in-the-dark pedestrian footpath in a Victorian park in Cambridge, England, that hopes to revolutionize the way we light our public spaces.
South Korea Now Has Roads That Recharge Electric Cars As You Drive
The city of Gumi, South Korea, has "electrified" 15 miles of road
The network consists of special roads that have electrical cables buried just below the surface, which wirelessly transfer energy to electric vehicles via magnetic resonance.
By running power through the cables at a specific frequency, an electromagnetic field is generated. A coil located underneath vehicles interacts with this field and generates a current, charging the vehicle's batteries.
The city is currently only using the technology with a few electric buses
With roads that charge your car as you drive, range is less of a factor and batteries can become smaller and cheaper.
The research study behind Gumi's network concluded that only 5-15% of roads need to be electrified for the concept to be viable.