The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract—a
series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus—and
other organs that help the body break down and absorb
food.
In order, beginning at the mouth and continuing to the
anus, these organs are the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine – also called the colon
– rectum, and anus.
There are many different types of procedures, laboratory tests performed in order to diagnose or treat digestive system disorders. Here are a few examples:•Colonoscopy•Lavage•Hernioplasty•Choledocholithotripsy
Large Intestine - Colon Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is
the endoscopic examination of
the large colon and the distal part
of the small bowel with a CCD
camera or a fiber optic camera on
a flexible tube passed through
the anus. It may provide a visual
diagnosis (e.g. ulceration, polyps)
and grants the opportunity for
biopsy or removal of suspected
lesions.
STOMACH GASTRIC LAVAGE
Gastric lavage, also commonly
called stomach pumping or Gastric
irrigation, is the process of cleaning
out the contents of the stomach. Such
devices are normally used on a person
who has ingested
a poison or overdosed on a drug. They
may also be used before surgery, to
clear the contents of the digestive
tract before it is opened.
Gastric lavage, also called a stomach pump. For this
procedure, a flexible NG tube is inserted through the nose, down the throat, and into the stomach and the contents of the stomach are suctioned out. The inside of
the stomach is rinsed with a saline (salt water) solution.
HERNIA HERNIOPLASTY
A hernia is protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.
Hernioplasty - surgical repair of a hernia; sometimes
specifically that using a mesh patch or plug for reinforcement.
Common bile duct stone Choledocholithotripsy
Choledocholithotripsy -
fragmentation of a
gallstone in the common
bile duct either by
transcutaneous sonic
energy or endoscopically
directed laser, or by usage
of lithotrite instrument.
Researchers believe that gallstones may be caused by a
combination of factors, including:
•Inherited body chemistry
•Body weight (rapid weight loss, constipation, eating less
fish, and low intakes of the nutrients, magnesium, calcium,
and vitamin C may increase risk of the gallstones
formation. On the other hand, wine and whole grain bread
may decrease the risk of gallstones.
•Gallbladder motility
•Diet (No clear relationship has been proven between diet and
gallstone formation. However, low-fibre, high-cholesterol
diets, and diets high in starchy foods have been suggested
as contributing to gallstone formation).
•Increased levels of the hormone as a result
of pregnancy, hormone therapy, or the use of combined
(estrogen-containing) forms of hormonal contraception, may
increase cholesterol levels in bile and also decrease
gallbladder movement, resulting in gallstone formation.
Cholesterol gallstones develop when bile
contains too much cholesterol and not enough
bile salts. Besides a high concentration of
cholesterol, two other factors seem to be
important in causing gallstones. The first is how
often and how well the gallbladder contracts;
incomplete and infrequent emptying of the
gallbladder may cause the bile to become
overconcentrated and contribute to gallstone
formation. The second factor is the presence of
proteins in the liver and bile that either promote
or inhibit cholesterol crystallization into
gallstones.