Direct Instruction Hope Belle-Payne IDE 650 Monday, July 7, 2008
May 26, 2015
Direct Instruction
Hope Belle-PayneIDE 650
Monday, July 7, 2008
Ponder This
When instruction is delivered by “Most Effective Teachers”....
“How do I educate and ensure success for all my students?”
Direct Instruction to the rescue!
Background Information
Teacher-centered
Systematic instruction
Scripted
Emphasis is on mastery of subject matter
Elementary school reading comprehension and math instruction
Creator: Siegfried Engelmann
Adopted as the “official” model for teaching in North Carolina
Direct Instruction
Barak Rosenshine Robert Gagne Siegfried Engelmann Madeline Hunter
Direct Instruction
This should be the focus of the process of instruction.
The TEACHER
Direct Instruction
Four major categories of instructional events:
• Presentation• Practice
• Assessment & Evaluation
• Monitoring & Feedback
A Transactional Model of Direct Instruction
Presentation includes five events, three of which are considered together in a subcategory labeled “Overview.”
* Overview
• Explanation
• Demonstration
• Review
• What• Why
Direct Instruction: Presentation
Activate Prior knowledge
Link the lesson to review previous lesson
Overview: Review
Student
Teacher
Direct Instruction: Presentation
Presents the specific concept(s) and skill(s)
Listen for stated objective and what should be learned at by the end of lesson.
Overview: What
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Presentation
States a reason for learning the skill(s) or concept(s)
Relate lesson to real world or own interests; discuss how the skill or concept can be applied to other subject areas
Overview: Why
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Presentation
Develops or explains the concepts and skills to be learned
Hear an explanation; use manipulative materials; have class discussions; watch videos; read explanations in textbooks; interact with computer
Explanation
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Presentation
Probes students as to their initial understanding of concepts and skills
Answer teacher questions; verbalize understandings; generate examples and non-examples of a concept
Demonstration
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Practice
Practice includes three events:
• Guided Practice
• Independent Practice
• Periodic Review
Direct Instruction: Practice
Closely supervises the students’ proficiency by completing one or two short tasks
Read a paragraph aloud; complete one or two math problems; complete an activity on the board, while others do the same activity at their seats
Guided Practice
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Practice
Allows students to work with little or no teacher interaction
Complete seatwork assignments; complete homework assignments; play games related to specific skills or concepts
Independent Practice
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Practice
Provides students opportunity to have distributed practice on previously covered content and skills
Demonstrate retention of previously learned concepts and skills
Periodic Review
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Assessment & Evaluation
Assessment and evaluation includes two events:
• Daily success
• Mastery
Direct Instruction: Assessment & Evaluation
Checks students work each day and offers corrective instruction as necessary
Complete independent work at or above a given level of proficiency
Daily Success
Teacher
Student
Checks students work at the end of each unit of instruction
Demonstrate knowledge and application of concepts and skills at or above a given level of proficiency
Mastery
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Assessment & Evaluation
Direct Instruction: Monitoring & Feedback
Monitoring and feedback also includes two events:
• Cues and prompts
• Corrective feedback
Provides students with signals and reminders designed to sustain the learning activity and to hold students accountable
Attend to signals and/or reminders continue working on assigned activity
Cues & Prompts
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Monitoring & Feedback
Reiterate correct or incorrect answers & why
Read correct answers aloud; write correct and support solutions to math problems and reading comprehension questions;
Corrective Feedback
Teacher
Student
Direct Instruction: Monitoring & Feedback
Direct Instruction
In general, all direct instruction models have the following common principles:
• Use examples, visual prompts, and demonstrations• Constant assessment
• Alter pace of instruction
• Effective use of time
•Maintain students' attention