Different types of loom

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Md.Azmir Latif Beg, MSc.Engr.(Textile),Daffodil International University;Textile Testing EngineerFollow2 16 0

Published on Jun 12, 2015

Loom is machine or device which is used to produce woven fabric. It is the

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Different types of loom

1. 1. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Loom: Loom is machine or devicewhich is used to produce woven fabric. It is the central point of whole process of cloth production. Inother word, a loom is a mechanism or tool used for weaving yarn and thread into textiles. Looms vary in awide assortment of sizes. They come in huge free standing hand looms, tiny hand­held frames, to vastautomatic mechanical tools. A loom can as well pertain to an electric line construction like that of a wiringloom. The main task of looms is to clutch the twist threads under pressure to enable the progress ofinterweaving of the woof strands. The loom's system and exact form can differ to some extent; however itstill performs the basic application. Classification of a Loom: Manual/Hand loom 1. Primitive or Verticalloom. 2. Pit loom: a) Throw shuttle. b) Fly shuttle. 3. Frame loom: a) Throw shuttle. b) Fly shuttle. 4.Chittaranjan loom. Power loom 1. Conventional power loom: a) Ordinary power loom b) Automaticpower loom 2. Modern loom: a) Air jet loom b) Water jet loom. c) Rapier loom. d) Projectile/Missileloom. e) Multiphase loom. Page 1 of 19

2. 2. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) 1. Primitive or Vertical loom.Primitive or Vertical loom: A primitive loom is generally by sinking the frame into the ground and thework inside the pit by both feet. The framework is of bamboo. This loom had been known to be in use in5000 to 6000 years B.C. This loom are still used for weaving silk pieces ,silk shirting and sarees, muslim,etc.by derivative weavers. Feature: • This type is loom used for finer yarn. • This loom has to be known tobe in use 600 yarn B.C • This is throw shuttle loom • Made of wood or metal • It must be heavy andsmooth Advantage: • First fabric is produce Page 2 of 19

3. 3. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) • By skilled labour we can get veryquality fabric • Set­up cost is very low • Primitive loom can work with dobby & jacquard attachmentDisadvantage: • Slay are suspended from the top and its action is very weak eausing compact or heavycloth • Warp thread are drawn direct from the warp beam • Primitive loom accommodative a small canweft. 2. Pit loom Pit loom: This loom is created by sunking four posters into the ground and with an

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overhang sley.The thread work inside the pit,so that the warp threads may absorb moisture and betterweaving will result.In this loom the combination of sley & shuttle boxes.In 1733 A.D John kay ofBury,England invented the"Fly Shuttle".This invention wsa an extreamlyn important event in the historyand development of weaving. Page 3 of 19

4. 4. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Feature: • It fly shuttle loom • Itsproduction is double because by the introduction of sley,shuttle­boxes • An average weaver cans weave amedium width fly­shuttle loom at 80­110 pics per minute. • Shuttle is transfer one box to another box • Tocontrol moisture loom are settled in floor that way yarn can get moisture • By this loom we get texturefabric. Advantage: • Production is high • Moisture can easily control Page 4 of 19

5. 5. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) • May produce texture fabric • Anaverage weaver can weave • Fly shuttle pit­loom,back and beastbeams have been introduced to removethis dificulties like(knot,yarn breakage etc) • Can accommodate a greater quality of weft in the pirn.Disadvantage: • Difficult to control more number of heald shaft • This is one kind of hand loom so largescale production is impossible • To set the loom is difficult. 3. Frame loom: Frame loom: Frame loomsalmost have the similar mechanisms that ground looms hold. The loom was made of rods and panelsfastened at the right angles to construct a form similar to a box to make it more handy and manageable.This type of loom is being utilized even until now due to its economy and portability. Page 5 of 19

6. 6. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Page 6 of 197. 7. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Feature: • This type of loom madeon a frame • The movement of the slay is given by the left hand of the weaver • Twill,satin other weavemore number may produce • Beam dia may highnby weaving Advantage: • It has a increased speed as onehand of the weaver operates the picking handle and the other remains free to operate the slay • Fabrics oflong width can as conveniently be woven as narrow ones • Larger number of heald can conveniently beoperated • Ensure better selvedge • Let off is done with a pawl lever arrangement. Disadvantage: • Clothbeam dia increase and make it very large • Difficult to fit the level • Fabric may compact 4. Chittaranjanloom. Chittaranjan loom:A type of semiautomatic loom of sturdy construction made of iron and woodcommonly used in Bengal is known as Chittarangan loom.This loom also called Japani loom. Page 7 of 19

8. 8. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Feature: • The principlecharacteristics of this loom lie in its beating up take up and let off motion • For beat up two wheels uponthe top shaft connect the slay at two ends with two livers • A five wheel positive take­up motion has beenaadopted to regulate pics per inch • Production rate is high • Shedding & picking motion in this loomwork as fly shuttle loom. Advantage: • An average can conveniently run this loom • In 80 percentEfficiency this loom run at 120 to 140 picks per minute • It ensure uniformity in the inserstion of picks perinch by the use of five wheel positive take up motion • It also ensure uniform beat up • It is more suitablefor weaving medium and coarse fabric then finer ones • The sweep of slay to produce terry piles Page 8 of19

9. 9. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Disadvantage: • This is not aautomatic loom • Five wheel positive take up motion is use which give jerky motion • Precise control offraction of pic k is not possible • Production rate is less over then modern loom 5.Hattersley LoomHattersley Loom:In 1856 hattersley and hill of kighley,Yourkshire act in the same manner as a powerloom excepting the movement of the slay which may either be operated manually or by motive power tothe top shaft,but the loom is constructed with lighter foming. Page 9 of 19

10. 10. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Feature: • Tis is the same mannerof power loom • This loom is lighter then power loom • Shdding,picking,beating up,taking up and let offmotions are automatically operated. • For take up five wheel take up motion is used. • Shedding is theformed from the bottom shaft in case of plane weave. Advantage: • Maximum motion are motive bypower • This loom is lighter then power loom • It also ensure uniform beat up • It ensure unifprm insertionof pick • An average weaver can conveniently run this loom. Disadvantage: • For driving manually morethan 50'' read space is not control • An weaver can not weave a long time • Five wheel take up give jerkeymotion Page 10 of 19

11. 11. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Power loom Power Loom: Thistype of loom is not drive by hand only eclectic power is used. Modern loom 6. Air jet loom Air jet loom:This looms use a jet of air to propel the filling yarn strength the shed,It requires uniform filling yarn. Theyare suitable use with medium weight yarns then very light and very heavy yarn. Page 11 of 19

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12. 12. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Feature: • Power consumptionless • Much production std.fabric and light to medium fabric produced • Air jet std.width 190 cm. •Highest weft insertion performance(600 ppm) • Multi color weft insertion up to 8. Advantage: • Air jetstandard. width 190 cm. • Power consumption less • Highest weft insertion performance(600 ppm) • Noiselevels is lower than missile and rapier loom. Disadvantage: Page 12 of 19

13. 13. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) • Due to air resistance there formpile up and buckle tip of yarn • Some times there is formed loom of weft yarn along weft direction due tovariation of air pressure. • Double pick may occurred • Excess air pressure of main nozzle cause miss pickor broken pick. 7. Water jet loom Water jet loom:A pre measured length of filling yarn is carried acrossthe loom by a jet of water.It can produce superior quality of fabrics. Feature: Page 13 of 19

14. 14. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) • This type of loom is suitable fornon absorbent fibre like synthetic fabric • Less power consumption • Highest weft insertion (600 ppm) •weft yarn package weight 3.6­4.1 kg • Treated water are used by pump nozzle. Advantage: • Less powerconsumption • Production rate is high • Noise level is lower then missile and rapier loom • This type ofloom is suitable for non absorbent fibre like synthetic fibre. Disadvantage: • Not suitable for absorbentfibre like (cotton) • By hard water may form rust on the yarn. 8. Rapier loom Page 14 of 19

15. 15. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Rapier loom:These loom arecompetitors to the missille looms.There are two types of rapier looms.Long rapier & double rapierlong/single rapier that carries the weft across the width from one side of the loom to another.Double rapierthat is one on each side of the loom.One rapier feed the filling yarn half way through the shed of warpyarn to the arm the other side,which reach in and takes it across the rest of the way. Feature: • Fancy fabricproduced • Production costly • Power consumption moderate • Simple mechanism • Suitable for weftpatterning • Standard rapier width 190 cm. Advantage: • Fancy fabric produced • Production costly Page15 of 19

16. 16. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) • Suitable for weft patterning •Power consumption moderate • Simple mechanism • Production speed (200­260 ppm) Disadvantage •Noise level is high then jet loom • Production speed is less then jet loom. 9. Projectile Loom ProjectileLoom: This picking action is accomplished by a series of small bullet projectiles which grip the filing yarnand carry it through the shed and return empty. Page 16 of 19

17. 17. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) Feature: • Accommodator usedreduce tension • Power consumption is less (3 kw­hr) • No. of projectile 11 to 17 • Width minimum 190cm • Width maximum 540 cm • Multiple fabric produce • Double beam single fabric can be produced inprojectile. Advantage: • Fashionable fabric may produce • Drawing­in pinning of drop wires and knottingare accepted prectice • The weft and warp stop motions actuate first and reliable • Simple to operate andmaintain Page 17 of 19

18. 18. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) • Less noisy then shuttle looms.Disadvantage: • Require skilled personnel • High initial investment • High noisy than jet loom • It lastedlong. Special Loom Multiple shuttles loom: More than one tape is produce. More than one shuttle is used,Shuttle are traverses on belt No. of shuttle tapes are placed on race boared grove length of shuttle=3",length of pirn =2" Needle loom: This type of loom, one angular needle always carries the yarnhorizontally. Weft yarn comes from the top of the machine; latch needle makes the loop at one side of theselvedge. No. of tapes/one loom obtained. Conclusion: Loom is machine or device which is used toproduce woven fabric. By this experiment we come to know about loom. This assignment will help us inour study life as well as job life. Special thank to our honorable teacher for great co­operation. Page 18 of19

19. 19. Advanced Fabric Manufacturing Engr.Azmir Latif, M.Engr.(Textile) REFERENCE • Webpage •http://www.projectile loom.com • http://www.Rapier loom.com • http://www.Water jet loom.com •http://www.power loom.com • http://www.chemheritage.org.com • Books • Weaving Mechanism,N.N.Banerjee • Studies in Primitive looms, H. Ling Rock • Fabric Manufacturing Technology­IV, Md. Al­Amin Sheikh • Weaving Machine, mechanism & Management, Talukder • Special Fabric Production, Md.Al­Amin Sheikh Page 19 of 19

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