1 SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture Different cultivation methods for production of rotifers Gunvor Øie SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
1SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Different cultivation methods for production of rotifers
Gunvor ØieSINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
2SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Rotifer production- rotifer strains
Different rotifer species and strains:Different sizeDifferent optimum growth conditions
TemperatureSalinity
Different growth rateDifferent nutritional content
Food quality and quantityFoto: Pekarsky
3SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Growth and survival of cod larvaefed Brachionus nevada or Brachionus cayman
Øie, Overrein, Olsen, Kui, & Reitan, 2003
Results Large-Normal
Small-Normaldensity
Small-Highdensity
Survival day 45 (% ± SE) 37±1 33±2 34±1
Growth rate day 5-10 (% day -1) 8.9 -0.06 3.3
Growth rate day 5-17 (% day -1) 10.6 5.9 8.9
Biomass, day 35 (µg DW larva-1) 1 335 1074 1157
Day 5-10
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Gro
wth
rate
(% d
ay-1
)
Large-Normal
Small-Normal density
Small-High density
4SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Rotifer production-cultivation technique
Batch cultivation Semi-continuous cultivation
Recirculation
With water flowthrough
Without water flowtrough
Culture conditions:Water quality
pH 7.5-8.5Ammonia <1 mg l-1
Aeration and oxygen >4ppmOrganic particlesBacteria and other organisms
(Data from Støttrupand McEvoy: Live feed in marine aquaculture)
Production tanks:100 litre -300 000 litre
5SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Batch cultivation of rotifers
0200400600800
100012001400160018002000
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (days)
Rotif
er d
ensi
ty (i
nd/m
l)
Series1Series3
Growth for 3-5 days
Washing
Enrichment
Washing and storage/feeding
Control:•Rotifer density, eggratio•Continuous feeding•Oxygen•Temperature•Salinity
6SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Rotifer production in LofilabCod production with copepods and rotifers
•Rotifer production in 4m3 bags•Batch production in 4 days (300 ind/ml to 1000 ind/ml)•Continuous feeding with yeast and Algamac 2000
7SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Production of rotifer with Chlorella in Japan
•Two days production cycles•0,1 µm filtered water•Addition of HCl (pH control)•Addition of pure oxygene•Short-term enrichment•Densities in lab. scale are150 000 ind/ml •Normal densities of “small”rotifers are 10-25 000 ind/ml•Normal densities of “big”rotifers are 2-3000 ind/ml
(Yoshimura et al, 1996)
8SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Rotifer production in Fosen Aquasenter
Rotifer production:•Batch cultivation•Semi-continuous production•Semi-continuous production in a recirculation system
Foto: G.Øie)
9SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Semi-continuous production in Fosen Aquasenter
•Rotifer production (culture volume 1.8m3)•cleaning arm in the bottom of the tank•20-30% harvesting per day•Yeast, Clorella,vitamins and oil•Daily production: 2.5 billion per tank
01000200030004000
50006000700080009000
0 5 10 15 20
Time (days)
Rot
ifer
dens
ity (i
nd/m
l)
00,20,40,60,811,21,41,61,82
Egg
ratio
Ind/ml ER
Inside the rotifer tank after 20 dayscultivation. Cleaning arm in bottomof the tank.
10SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Production of rotifer in a recirculation system
(Suantika et al. 2003)
11SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Production of rotifer in a recirculation system
(Rainuzzo and Kjøsnes, 2005)
12SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Rotifer counting by camera
Rotatorietank/larvetank
”Avbildningsboks”
Kamera
Pumpe
Grensesnitt
Væskeprøver
M. Alver, T. Tennøy, g. Øie and J.A.Alfredsen, unpublished
13SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
User interface
14SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Rotifer density in production tanks withdifferent rotifer density
Tetthet 2
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1
ManuellAutomatisk
Tetthet 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1
Tetthet 4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1
Tetthet 5
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
280
320
1
Tetthet 6
0
80
160
240
320
400
480
560
640
1
Tetthet 7
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1
Tetthet 8
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1
Manual countingsAutomatical countings
15SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
Monitoring the rotifer density in fishtanks
”Imaging box”
Camera
Membrane pump
InterfaceLiquid samples
Valves
(Alver, Alfredsen and Øie, unpublished data)
16SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
What is important in high density rotiferproduction in the future?
Monitoring and automatic regulation of: OxygenpH NH3
Salinity and temperature
Automatic countingRotifer densityEggratioSwimming velocity
Procedures for cleaning tanksMicrobial control