Pharmagpat.com | Contact no: +91-8128156200, +91-8401457975 Email Id: [email protected]1 Introduction to Pharmacognosy Difference between Organized and Unorganized Crude drugs Factors affecting cultivation: 1. Altitude, temperature and humidity 2. Rainfall and irrigation 3. Soil and soil fertility 4. Fertilizers 5. Pests and pest control No. Organized crude drugs Unorganized crude drugs 1. As the term indicates these are organs of plants or animals and are made up cells or definite structures. These drugs are named as flowers, seeds, fruits, insects, etc. These are derived from parts of plant or animal by some process of extraction and followed by purification, if necessary. E.g. juices, extracts, resins, etc. 2. These are solid in nature. These are solid, semisolid or liquids in nature. E.g. oils, gums and balsams. 3. Botanical or zoological terminology can be used to describe these drugs. Such terminology is inadequate to describe them, but has to look for their physical characters, such as the solubility in various solvents, density, optical rotation, refractive index, etc. whichever is applicable. 4. Microscopic characters are one of the important criteria for the identification of organized drugs. Example: digitalis, cinchona, clove, jalap, ephedra etc. Chemical tests and physical standards are confirmatory tests. Example: aloe, agar, colophony, opium, castor oil, pepsin, etc.
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Difference between Organized and Unorganized Crude drugs
Factors affecting cultivation:
1. Altitude, temperature and humidity
2. Rainfall and irrigation
3. Soil and soil fertility
4. Fertilizers
5. Pests and pest control
No. Organized crude drugs Unorganized crude drugs 1. As the term indicates these are
organs of plants or animals and are made up cells or definite structures. These drugs are named as flowers, seeds, fruits, insects, etc.
These are derived from parts of plant or animal by some process of extraction and followed by purification, if necessary. E.g. juices, extracts, resins, etc.
2. These are solid in nature. These are solid, semisolid or liquids in nature. E.g. oils, gums and balsams.
3. Botanical or zoological terminology can be used to describe these drugs.
Such terminology is inadequate to describe them, but has to look for their physical characters, such as the solubility in various solvents, density, optical rotation, refractive index, etc. whichever is applicable.
4. Microscopic characters are one of the important criteria for the identification of organized drugs. Example: digitalis, cinchona, clove, jalap, ephedra etc.
Chemical tests and physical standards are confirmatory tests. Example: aloe, agar, colophony, opium, castor oil, pepsin, etc.
Auxins are generally used in plant cell culture at a concentration range of 0.01-10.0 mg/L.
When added inappropriate concentrations they may regulate cell elongation, tissue swelling, cell division, formation of adventitious roots, and inhibition of adventitious and axillary shoot formation, callus initiation and growth, and induction of embryogenesis.
Class Function Auxin Indole-3-butyric
acid
Adventitious root formation( high conc)
α-naphthhalene
acetic acid
Adventitious shoot formation( low conc)
α-naphthalene acetic
acid, k-salt
Introduction of somatic embryos
2,4-D(solutions) Cell division
p-
chlorophenoxyacetic
acid
Callus formation and growth
Piclorma Inhibition of axillary buds
Dicamba Inhibition of root elongation
Cytokinins: Cytokinins are generally used in plant cell culture at a concentration range
of 0.1-10.0 mg/L. When added inappropriate concentrations they may regulate cell division,
stimulate auxiliary and adventitious shoot proliferation, regulate differentiation, inhibit root formation, activate RNA synthesis, and stimulate protein and enzyme activity.