Diff types of nutritional needs

Learning Objectives

• State the nutritional needs nutritional needs of individuals at various stages of their lifespan

• Identify various groups of people who require special dietsspecial diets

• List the factors to consider when planningplanning well – balanced mealswell – balanced meals

Groups of Individuals

• Young ChildrenYoung Children

• School-going ChildrenSchool-going Children

• TeenagersTeenagers

• ElderlyElderly

Nutritional Needs of Young Children

• Factors to consider:Factors to consider:

- Meals in small portions with a variety of food to stimulate appetite

- Complex Carbohydrate to provide energy

- Protein to encourage growth and development

Up to 4 years old

Nutritional Needs of Young Children

Factors to considerFactors to consider- Small amounts of (unsaturated)

fats for brain development - Calcium rich products to

facilitate growth of strong bones and teeth

- Fruits and Vegetables to provide vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre

Up to 4 years old

Nutritional Needs of Young Children

Factors to considerFactors to consider

- Enough liquid especially plain water to regulate body fluids

- Food with varying textures to encourage the development of jaw muscle via chewing

- Provide snacks that are nutrient dense

Up to 4 years old

Nutritional Needs of School Going Children5-12years old

Factors to consider:Factors to consider:

- Meals served with a variety of food- Complex Carbohydrate to provide energy

(Especially for breakfast)

- Protein to encourage growth and development

- Dairy products rich in calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus to facilitate growth of strong bones and teeth

Nutritional Needs of School G0ing Children5-12years old

Factors to consider:Factors to consider:- Fruits and Vegetables to provide

vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre - Drink enough liquid especially

plain water to regulate body fluids

- Limit intake of sugar and saturated fats to prevent tooth decay and onset of childhood obesity

Nutritional Needs of Teenagers13-18 years old

Factors to consider:Factors to consider:- Encourage them to go for a variety of

food to get a well-balanced meal- Provide different sources of Complex

Carbohydrate to meet energy needs- Protein rich sources to support rapid

growth and development

- Dairy products rich in calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus to facilitate growth of strong bones and teeth

Nutritional Needs of Teenagers13-18 years old

Factors to consider:Factors to consider:

- Provide iron-rich food sources for females

- Encourage them to go for healthy food choices when they snack

- Drink enough liquid especially plain water to regulate body fluids

- Limit processed foods which are high in salt, sugar and saturated fats

Nutritional Needs of Elderly65 years old and above

Factors to consider:Factors to consider:- Serve meals in small portions and in low energy- Protein rich sources to help in the repair of worn out

cells and tissues - Dairy products rich in calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus

to prevent osteoporosis and to maintain strong bones and teeth

- Fruits and Vegetables to provide dietary fibre to ease bowel movements and prevent constipation

Nutritional Needs of Elderly65 years old and above

Factors to consider:Factors to consider:- Serve foods that are easy to chew and digest- Foods should be free from bones to prevent

choking- Healthier cooking methods such as steaming,

stewing and boiling should be employed

- Limit foods which are high in salt, sugar and saturated fats to prevent health problems such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol

Meal Planning for People who require Special Diets

• People with weight problemsPeople with weight problems

• VegetariansVegetarians

• Pregnant and Lactating WomenPregnant and Lactating Women

• ConvalescentsConvalescents

• AthletesAthletes

• People with Food AllergyPeople with Food Allergy

• People with Food IntolerancePeople with Food Intolerance

What are Special Diets?What are Special Diets?

Required by individuals whose dietary habits are different due to their nature of occupation/work, lifestyle, restrictions and health status

Special Diets?Special Diets?