diesel p[articulate filter ppt

A

Seminar Report

On

“DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER”

BY GUIDED BY

ABHISHEK KALA PROF. M.M PATUNKAR

BE MECH II

402210

MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT

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CONTENTS• LITERATURE REVIEW.•INTRODUCTION.•WHY DPF?•WORKING OF DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER.•REGENERATION•WALL- FLOW PARTICULATE FILTER.•DIESEL OXIDATION CATALYST.•REACTIONS IN DOC & DPF.•ADVANTAGES.•DISADVANTAGES.•APPLICATIONS.•FUTURE SCOPE. 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

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May TITLE OBJECTIVE AUTHOR NAME

01 Behavior features of soot combustion in diesel particulate filter

The combustion of PM proceed in 3 diff. modes:single ignition,2-ignition points,uniform combustion.

K.S. Martirosyan, K. Chen, D. Luss

02 Kinetics of oxidation of Diesel soots by NO2

Behavior of soot deposition is greatly affected by channel position w.r.t radial co-ordinate.

C.J. Tighe, M.V. Twigg, A.N. Hayhurst, J.S. Dennis

03 Computer simulation study on filtration of soot particles in diesel particulate filter

Pressure loss increases as the no. of particles increases & also filtration efficiency.

Hidemitsu Hayashi, Shuichi Kubo

04 Analysis of flow distribution and heat transfer in a diesel particulate filter

Uniform filtration velocity & lower pressure drop can be obtained by increasing DPF aspect ratio(D/L).

Mengting Yu, Dan Luss, Vemuri Balakotaiah

INTRODUCTION• A Diesel particulate filter (or DPF) is a device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.

•A Diesel particulate filter (DPF) can remove virtually all the soot particulates (PM) from the exhaust gas emitted from a diesel engine.

•Diesel particulate filters satisfy the needs of operators who place importance on achieving extremely low soot emissions. 4

Why DPF?•Diesel Engine emit about 10 times more PM than gasoline engines.•These emissions causes smog and acid rain.•Nano particles around 100 nm in size are often referred to as accumulation mode .• And hence are serious threat to the public health like Lung damage, problems of breathing passages, nose and throat irritation.•To achieve 5 mg/km of Nox and PM EURO 5 demands the fitment of Diesel Particulate Filters to achieve such low levels.

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WORKING OF DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER• MATERIALS.•PROCESS OF COLLECTING PM.•DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER.•DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER REGENERATION.•ACTIVE REGENERATION.•PASSIVE REGENERATION.•DIESEL OXIDATION CATYLYST.

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Wall-flow Diesel Particulate Filter

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Regeneration•Active regeneration:•It occurs when engine runs under very low load.•Due to this exhaust gas temperature dropped suddenly.•It can be done, for instance, by injecting fuel into the combustion chamber or injecting fuel directly into the exhaust system. •It releases enough heat to raise the exhaust gas temperature upto 550 degree Celsius. •As a result, the deposited diesel soot oxidizes with the surplus oxygen present in the exhaust gas.

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Regeneration•Passive regeneration: •In this nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is produced in the oxidation catalyst from the nitrogen monoxide (NO) in the exhaust gas. •In the DPF the process is reversed and the soot deposited in the DPF is continuously burned off•Hence the name “Continuous Regeneration Trap”. •The reaction requires no additional energy.

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DIESEL OXIDATION CATALYST•Diesel oxidation catalyst is used for controlling pollutants as CO, HC, PM.•Diesel oxidation catalyst are designed to oxidize unburned components of fuel in the exhaust to innocuous products like CO2, and H2O.•These are most often based on a flow-through honeycomb substrate either metallic or ceramic. Coated with an oxidizing catalyst such as platinum and palladium.•These oxidizing catalysts are installed in 50000 off road vehicles around the world for over 30 years.•Since mid 1990s about 10 millions of passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles diesel operated are installed with these catalyst.

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REACTIONS IN DOC & DPF

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ADVANTAGES• DPFs work by physically trapping and removing particulate matter (PM) from the engine’s exhaust. The DPF can accumulate and combust PM within the filter element to achieve greater than 85 percent reductions in PM emissions. The combustion of PM in a particulate filter occurs during regeneration. •DPFs also reduce emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by 60 to 80 percent which are harmful to environment.•DPF reduces the hazardous impact of the exhaust gases on humans like lung damage, degradation of breathing passages.

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DISADVANTAGES• Filters require more maintenance than catalytic converters. Ash, a byproduct of oil consumption from normal engine operation, builds up in the filter as it cannot be converted into a gas and pass through the walls of the filter. This increases the pressure before the filter. •Without successful regeneration results in excessive soot loading of the DPF, to a point where it is above 95% loaded. At this point regeneration is not an option and replacement of the DPF is necessary.•Ash build up in the DPF directly affects fuel consumption.

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APPLICATIONS• The emission regulations for diesel engines are becoming increasingly stricter worldwide. To reduce emissions level in engines Diesel particulate filter is use. most widely use in automobile field e.g.  light- and heavy-duty road going diesel-powered vehicles and for off-road diesel engines. And buses and cars. •AUDI, BMW, VW etc. Companies uses DPF. •Applications for silica removal from oilfield produced water •Many industrial applications such as industrial wastewater, chemical production,

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FUTURE SCOPE•Diesel particulate filter can be implement in all diesel vehicles like all types of cars to attain the emission regulations. •The future expansion of particulate filter for off-road applications will allow the implementation of the same advanced control technologies to the full range of diesel vehicles including locomotive and marine engines.•Fuel consumption can be reduce by improving regeneration process. Also engine power efficiency can be increase.•By the use ultra low sulfur diesel for on-road vehicles has enable the application of advanced emission control systems for diesel engines and vehicles 15

THANK YOU!!!

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