DIESEL ENGINE ENGINE DEVELOPMENT DIRECTORATE RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION (R.D.S.O.) SAURABH CHAKRABORTY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FINAL YEAR
Dec 22, 2015
DIESEL ENGINE
ENGINE DEVELOPMENT DIRECTORATE
RESEARCH DESIGNS AND STANDARDS ORGANISATION
(R.D.S.O.)
SAURABH CHAKRABORTY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FINAL YEAR
ABOUT RDSO Railways were introduced in 1853. IRCA was set up in 1903, followed by CSO. RTRC was setup in 1952. In 1957 CSO & RTRC were integrated to form
RSSO.CSO + RTRC = RDSO
FUNCTIONSTechnical advisor to Railway Board.Development of new & improved designs.Development, adoption, absorption of new
technology for IR. Development of standards for materials &
products specially needed by IR.Technical investigation, statutory clearances,
testing & providing consultancy services.
HOW DIESEL ENGINE WORKSDE relies upon compression ignition.DE’s compression ratio lies b/w 16:1 and 25:1.Temp. increases to 700C to 900C.Piston approaches TDC, fuel is injected.Ignition instantly occurs, causing a rapid increase in
cylinder temperature & pressure.Piston is driven downward with great force, pushing on
the connecting rod & turning the crankshaft. Exhaust gases will be used to drive a turbocharger.
TWO STROKEIntake begins when the piston is near BDC.Hybrid turbocharger is used, to charge the
cylinder.As the piston rises, compression takes place.Near TDC, fuel injection occur.Resulting in combustion, driving the piston
downward.Piston moves down, expelling the combustion
gases.
FOUR STROKEStarting position, intake stoke & compression
stroke
Ignition of fuel, power stroke & exhaust stroke.
ENGINE BASESupports the engine blockServe as oil sump.Accommodate lube oil main header.Take lube oil pump & water pump at the free
end.Allow openings for crankcase inspection.Take fitment of crankcase explosion cover.
ENGINE BLOCKMost important & very highly stressed structure.Fitted with- 1) crank shaft 2) cam shaft 3) cylinder heads 4) pistons 5) connecting rods 6) fuel injection pumps 7) turbo support They form a complete power-pack.
CRANK SHAFTSingular costliest item in diesel engine.Medium of transforming reciprocating
motion to rotary motion.Balance weights can be either bolted up or
welded.
CAM SHAFTPerforms the vital role of opening & closing
inlet & exhaust valves.Allow timely injection of fuel inside the
cylinder.Usually 3 cams for each cylinder- 2 outer cams for exhaust & inlet valves 1 central cam for fuel injection.
CYLINDER HEADCH is held on the cylinder liners by 7 hold
down studs.Subjected to high shock stress & combustion
temperature at the lower face.Complicated casting where cooling passages
are cored for holding water.Space had been provided for passage of inlet
air & exhaust gases.Space for fuel injection nozzles, valve guides
& valve seat.
LINERSForms the wall of the combustion chamber.Guides the movement of piston.Mainly of 2 types:- Dry Liner Wet Liner
PISTONCompresses the air to required pressure &
temperatureReceives the thrust of expanding gases &
transmits the force through connecting rod.With the help of piston rings, prevents
leakage of gas from combustion chamber.
PISTON RINGSSeal the combustion chamberPrevent blow by of air & high temperature
combustion gases.Scraps down excess lube oil from walls of
cylinder liner.Prevents reaching lube oil into combustion
chamber.
TYPES OF RING COMBINATIONS5 RING COMBINATION
6 RING COMBINATION
A. Square faceB. Taper faceC. Taper faceD. Double taper faceE. Conformable
A. Square faceB. Taper faceC. Taper faceD. Double taper faceE. Double taper faceF. Conformable
CONNECTING RODConnects piston & crank shaftMedium of converting reciprocating motion
to rotary motionConnecting rod assembly consists of- 1) Connecting rod 2)Connecting rod
cap 3)Piston pin bushing 4)Bearing shell
upper 5)Bearing shell lower 6)Connecting rod
bolts & nuts
FUEL OIL SYSTEM
Consists of two integrated systems- FUEL FEED SYSTEM FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM
F.F.S. & ITS ASSOCIATE COMPONENTS
Fuel oil tankFuel primary filterFuel transfer pump or booster pumpFuel relief valveFuel secondary filterFuel regulating valve
F.I.S.When DE is started, all fuel injection pumps
start functioning.According to firing order, all F.I. pumps start
discharging fuel oil to their respective nozzles.
CHARGE AIR SYSTEMFor charge air system Turbo super charger is
used in locomotives.
LUBE OIL SYSTEMIt serves the following purposes: Cooling of bearing, pistons etc Protection of metal surfaces from corrosion,
rust, surface damages & wear. Keep the components clean & free from
carbon.