60 o 50 o 40 o 90 o 80 o 70 o CAFE External Growing Space Reective Mirrors Retain Existing Facade HIGH RISK HIGH VALUE HIGH YIELD O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 Solar Harvesting - PV’s Extract Vents Solar Harvesting - Solar Hotwater Lightweight Steel Frame Chicken Run Hen Hangar Education Space Storage / Service Space Auxhillary Growth Space inc Mushrooms Local Compost Collection N Wythernshawe Market Drum Composter Compost Compostate Key Oxygen Circulation Heat Transfer - Water Heat Transfer - Air Typical Floor Layout Algae Protozoa Duckweed Plankton AEROPONICS HYDRO- PONICS AQUA- PONICS HORTICULTURE PURITY Shrimp / Fish Fry UV Sterilisation Primary Growing Space Bee Hives
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60o
50o
40o
90o
80o
70o
CAFE
External Growing Space Re!ectiveMirrors
Retain Existing Facade
HIGH
RISK
HIGH
VALUE
HIGH
YIELD
O2
O2
O2
O2 O2O2
Solar Harvesting - PV’s
Extract Vents
Solar Harvesting - Solar Hotwater
Lightweight Steel Frame
Chicken Run Hen Hangar
Education Space
Storage / Service Space
Auxhillary Growth Space inc Mushrooms
Local Compost CollectionN
Wythernshawe Market
Drum Composter
CompostCompostate
Key
Oxygen Circulation
Heat Transfer - Water
Heat Transfer - Air
Typical Floor Layout
Algae
Protozoa
Duckweed
Plankton
AEROPONICS
HYDRO-
PONICS
AQUA-
PONICS
HORTICULT
URE
PURI
TYShrimp /Fish Fry
UV
Sterilisation
Primary Growing Space
Bee Hives
Dr. Dickson Despommier
EMERITUS PROFESSOR COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
DICKSON DESPOMMIER, Ph.D.
The Vertical Farm: Keystone Concept to the Sustainable Eco-city
July 17, 2011
Yesterday’s Visions
Buckminster Fuller’s domed Manhattan
In the past, we envisioned a domed city to protect us from nature
Eden ProjectCornwall England
Today, we dome our endangered plants to protect them from us!
Tomorrow’s Metropolis?
The “Jetsons” Vision
Eco-socialists View of Utopia
…or worse!
Imminent UtopiaKris Kuksi
Safe and Abundant Water Supply
Food Safety and Security
Engaging Society in Environmental Sustainability
Reducing Dependence on Fossil Fuels
The Challenges
Billion People
Not including grazing lands
Agricultural Footprint
6.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
Billion
Developing Regions
Industrialized Regions
World Population Growth
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
Sources: United Nations Population Division and Population References Bureau, 1993
By the year 2050 our species will increase by another 3 billion people
3Billion People
6.8Billion People
Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change
David Tilman, et al.SCIENCE Vol 292—April, 2001
Agricultural Footprint
+
of the Earth’s available land is already farmed
80%
requires produces
Food
Agricultural Runoff
70% of Available Fresh Water
20% of US Fossil Fuel Use
PesticidesFertilizers
Herbicides
AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Runoff is Destroying the World’s Oceans
Percent Increasein TN River Flux
<1010–2020–4040–6060–80>80
Dead Zones US Floods:1993, 2007, 2008
Within 20 years, 80% of us will live in cities or suburbs
Cities: Footprint = 2-3% of Earth’s land mass
Responsible for 70% of our carbon emissions
The City
“Black Box”
Resources inWaterEnergyFood
Wastes outSolidsLiquidsGasses
Neither Were Yesterday’s CitiesJerichoBabylon
TroyAll Mesoamerican Cities
Memphis (Egypt)Sparta
CarthageRome
Angkor Wat
Can We?
Provide a sustainable, safe
and abundant food and water
supply for 10 billion people?
Repair Earth’s damaged ecosystems?
AND
We Can If we Want To
Aeroponics Drip IrrigationHydroponics
The Future of Agriculture: Growing Soilless
Look At What We Can Do Now
Rice from Japan
EuroFresh Farms, Willcox, Arizona
Lettuce from Tennessee
Tomatoes
Endless Possibilities
Hydroponics
The Hydroponic Shopping CartBerries BlackcurrantBlueberry CranberryHuckleberryLoganberriesRaspberryStrawberry
Bush VegetablesGreen BeanTomato-- beefsteak, campari, plum, cherry, globe
The Vertical Farm is the centerpiece for creating an eco-city in which all human activities reflect ecological process.
The Vertical Farm: Key to Eco-Urbanization
Vertical Farm Tool Box
Hydroponics
Aeroponics
Drip Irrigation
Waste-to-Energy
Automation
Water Re-capture
Passive Energy
LED Lighting
SludgeGray Water
The Sustainable Eco-City(employs cutting-edge technologies)
VerticalFarm
Liquid Municipal Waste
EnergyPotable Water Food
Metabolic By-Products (urine, feces)
Gray Water Remediation
Plasma Gasification
CITY ENERGY GRID
CITY DRINKING WATER
Can we actually do any of this?
We are already doing it
Santa Ana, California
Black water Gray water Drinking water
Purifying gray water into drinking watercreates other problems, like social
marketing
Plasma Arc Gasification is Gaining Traction in Japan
The Rise Of Vertical Farms___________________________________
Nuvege – Kyoto, Japan
PlantLab – Den Bosch, Holland
Cevesca 2 story VF – Seattle
5 Story retro-fitted office block – Manchester, England
Growing Power 5 story VF – Milwaukee
3 story VF – Jackson, Wyoming
Seoul, Korea
Nuvege Kyoto, Japan
Holland
Jackson, Wyoming
Growing Power 5 Story Vertical Farm
Cities Planning A Vertical Farm_______________
SingaporeManchester, England
Milwaukee, USAJackson Hole, USA
Cities interested in creating a vertical farm New York City (2008 presentation to Manhattan Boro president’s office, Scott Stringer)Newark, NJ (2 presentations - 2009,2010 - to Mayor’s office, Stephan Pryor)Jersey City, NJ (2010 presentation to City planners office)Chicago, Ill.Newark, Delaware Beijing, China (Conference on metropolitan agriculture)Incheon, Korea (2007 presentation to City planners office)SingaporeVancouver, CanadaSurrey, Canada (2009 presentation to Mayor’s office)Milan, Italy (Expo 2015 organizers)Las Vegas, NevadaAmman, Jordan (2009 presentation to Mayor’s office)Doha, QatarRiyadh, Saudi Arabia