Diana Iskreva NGO Earth Forever, Bulgaria National WASH Coordinator, Bulgaria

12.11.2008, Bishkek

Diana IskrevaNGO Earth Forever, Bulgaria

National WASH Coordinator, Bulgaria

School Sanitation, Concept

School sanitation and hygiene refers to the combination of hardware and software components that are necessary to produce a healthy school environment and to develop or support safe hygiene behaviors:

drinking water, hand washing and sanitary facilities in and around the school compound;

activities that promote conditions at school and practices of school staff that help to prevent water and sanitation-related diseases and parasites such as worms (UNICEF and IRC).

Health Aspect

1 gram of feces contains

10 000 000 viruses;1 000 000 bacteria;1000 parasite cysts;100 parasite eggs.

Health Aspect, more figuresDiarrhea diseases are responsible for the death

of 2 000 000 children each year.For the last 10 years more children have died

from water-borne diseases than the total number of deaths due to military conflicts after the World War 2.

Diarrheal diseases caused by low water quality, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene cause 5.3% of child death and are responsible for 550 000 lost in sickness years for the children in the broad Europe Region (WHO, 2004).

Under 5 mortality rate of diarrheal diseases (WHO Europe)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

ARMAZE

BLRGEO

KAZKGZ

MDA

RUSTJK

TKMUKR

UZBEU15 NISn

um

ber

of

dea

th p

er 1

00,0

00 u

nd

er-f

ive

po

pu

lati

on

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Human Rights AspectAlthough the importance of water and sanitary facilities for schools is acknowledged, in practice the sanitary situation in many schools in EE and CA is deplorable.

Often: water supply is either non-existent or inadequate for

the number of school children; the number of toilet cabins is very small compared to the number of the students and staff in school;

dilapidated pit latrines are often the only choice;toilets and latrines do not function or are not

maintained properly;latrines are padlocked because children are not

trusted to use them properly; children, specifically girls, do not attend school

because appropriate and private sanitation facilities are lacking.

UN Convention of the Right of the Child (1989):

legally binding instrument;guarantees to all children under 18 right to

healthy environment. Good sanitation conditions sustain child health and provide opportunity for the child to learn. The design of the school sanitation has to be adapted to the needs of the children (UNICEF).

School Sanitation FacilitiesSufficient in number – sinks, drinking fountains,

toilet cabins;Follow minimum specifications for design and quality

of construction;Child and gender friendly, which means that they are

adapted to the needs and wishes of all the boys and girls of the different age groups attending school;

Functional;Sufficient amount of water available for drinking,

handwashing, cleansing, cleaning;Properly operated and maintained; Water delivery, soap, toilet paper, disinfectants is

affordable and paid.

School Conventional Sanitation, frequent problems

Ecological Sanitation, PrinciplesProtection of environment and human health;Conservation of natural and man-made resources

(water, electricity, fertilizers etc.);Improvement of human livelihoods;Source separation of urine, feces and greywater;Collection of each product separately;Sanitisation and treatment of each product;Recycling of nutrients, humus and water to soil

and agricultural systems.

Urine-Diverting Toilets, Principles

Container forthe urine

%

Container for feces

0,00

+1,20

UDseat or pan

UDT, Types

Feces

Urine

UDT – Earth Forever, Bulgaria

UDT, Health Aspect

UDT and Sustainable Development

Ecological Sanitation System

(GTZ)

Thank you for your attention!