DIAMOND CHIP

PRESENTED BY :

A.RAKESH KIRANMail id: [email protected]: 9030492595

Electronics without silicon is unbelievable. Disadvantages when used in power

electronics application, such as: 1) bulk in size 2) slow operating speed, etc.

Pure Silicon and Germanium are semiconductors in normal temperature.

In earlier days they were used widely for manufacturing of electronic components.

Fig: Part of modern periodic table

Research people found that carbon has more advantages than silicon.

Using carbon as the manufacturing material, we can achieve smaller, faster and stronger chips.

In a single definition, Diamond Chip or Carbon Chip is an Electronic Chip manufactured on a diamond structure Carbon wafer

Diamond structural carbon is non conducting in nature.

To make it conducting, doping process is performed.

Boron-- as the p-type. Nitrogen--as the n-type.

Developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), Japan, 1991.

A diamond semiconductor operates on a 81 GHz frequency, and is more than twice the speed of earlier devices.

Carbon is not a semiconductor. Some of the carbon allotropes

acts as semiconductor.

Fig: Carbon atom.

allotrope of carbon. structure is one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp2-bondage densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.

Properties:It has a remarkably high electron mobility at room temperature.Graphene structure can be doped easily.Can be converted back to its undoped.

Fig : Graphene sheet in planer structure.

Just fold the graphene sheet into a tube like structureIt is a nanosize cylinder of carbon atoms.It has less than one nanometer diameter.

Fig:Carbon nanotubes made step by step.Fig :View of

CNT.

Fig: All SWNT structures.

Fig:multiwalled

Lonsdaleite is an sp3 bondage allotropic form of carbon i.e. 3-dimentional CNT.

Crystal structure of Lonsdaleite looks exactly like diamond.

Fig (a): Lonsdaleite Structure.(b):crystal structure ofLonsdaleite.

(a)

(b)

Properties1 Strength2 Hardness3 Electrical4 Thermal5 One-dimensional transport

HARDNESS : It can withstand a

pressure up to 24GPa without deformation.

STRENGTH : Carbon nanotubes are

the strongest and stiffest materials yet discovered in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus respectively.

ELECTRICAL : High electrical conductivity

(10-6 ohm). Do not suffer from electro

migration or atomic diffusion and thus can carry high current densities (107 -109 A/cm2 ),which is 1000 times that of copper.

Both metal and semiconductor can be formed.

THERMAL : The temperature stability of

carbon nanotubes is estimated to be up to 2800 °C in vacuum and about 750 °C in air.

ONE DIMENTIONAL TRANSPORT : Because of the nanoscale

dimensions, electrons propagate only along the tube's axis.

Carbon nanotubes are frequently referred to as “one-dimensional” Fig: Flow of electrons

In Carbon Nanotubes.

Much smaller components are possible.

Conducts electricity faster as electrons travels through straight line without scattering.

Ultimately we get faster and more efficient electronic component.

Simple inverter device consists of a nanotube FET and a large bias resistance: which converts a high input voltage to a low one –i.e., "one" to "zero" - and vice versa.

By adding an extra FET in parallel, the researchers made a NOR gate. This device needs two "zero" inputs to give a "one" output, or two "ones" to give a "zero”.

Smaller components are possible.

It works at higher temperature.

Faster than silicon chips.

Larger power handling capacity.

..OF DIMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

Information and Communications, Materials and Manufacturing, Biomedical, Energy and Environmental, Transportation Consumer goods.

Much more expensive than silicon.

Doping process is very hard to perform due to the diamond structure , than in silicon.

Thus diamond chip replaces the need of silicon in every aspect in future generation.

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