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ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANOAO XIX, BOGOT,
2013, PP. 511553, ISSN 23460849
Humberto Nogueira Alcal (Chile)*
Dilogo interjurisdiccional y control de convencionalidad entre
los tribunales nacionales y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos
Humanos en Chile**
RESUMENEn el presente artculo se realiza el anlisis de los
jueces nacionales como jueces de control de convencionalidad y sus
fundamentos jurdicos, como asimismo el tipo posible de di-logo
entre las jurisdicciones nacionales y la Corte Interamericana de
Derechos Humanos, adems de las modalidades en que se puede
concretar dicho dilogo por parte de las judicaturas nacionales. Se
concluye con un anlisis del uso de la jurisprudencia de la CIDH por
parte de las sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional chileno.
Palabras clave: control de convencionalidad, Chile, derechos
humanos, Corte Interameri-cana de Derechos Humanos, corpus iuris,
dilogo interjurisdiccional, sistema internacional de los derechos
humanos.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDieser Artikel untersucht die Rolle nationaler
Richter bei der berprfung der vlkerrecht-lichen Vertragskonformitt
des innerstaatlichen Rechts und deren rechtliche Grundlagen sowie
die Art, wie ein Dialog zwischen nationalen Gerichten und dem
Interamerikanis-chen Gerichtshof fr Menschenrechte mglich ist.
Auerdem klrt er die Modalitten, unter denen ein solcher Dialog aus
Sicht der nationalen Gerichte zustandekommen kann. Abschlieend wird
analysiert, inwieweit die Rechtsprechung des
Interamerikanischen
&MBVUPSFTEPDUPSFO%FSFDIP$POTUJUVDJPOBMQPSMB6OJWFSTJEBE$BUMJDBEF-PWBJOBMB/VFWB#MHJDBEJSFDUPSEFM$FOUSPEF&TUVEJPT$POTUJUVDJPOBMFTEF$IJMFZEFM%PDUPSBEPFO%FSFDIPEFMB6OJWFSTJEBEEF5BMDB$IJMF
WJDFQSFTJEFOUFEFM*OTUJUVUP*CFSPBNFSJDBOPEF%FSFDIP$POTUJUVDJPOBMNJFNCSPEFM$POTFKP%JSFDUJWPEFMB"DBEFNJB+VEJDJBMEF$IJMFQSPGFTPSUJUVMBSEF%FSFDIP$POTUJUVDJPOBMDBUFESUJDP
6OJWFSTJEBEEF5BMDB$IJMFOPHVFJSB!VUBMDBDM
"SUDVMPQBSUFEFMQSPZFDUPEFJOWFTUJHBDJO'POEFDZU3FHVMBSOTPCSFi"OMJTJTEFMBTTFOUFODJBTEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMTPCSFVUJMJ[BDJOEFMEFSFDIPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFYUSBOKFSPZEFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZTVTJNQMJDBODJBTQBSBFMQBSNFUSPEFDPOUSPMEFDPOTUJUVDJPOBMJEBEwEFMDVBMFMBVUPSFTJOWFTUJHBEPSQSJODJQBM
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512 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
Gerichtshofs fr Menschenrechte in die Rechtsprechung des
chilenischen Verfassungs-gerichts Eingang gefunden hat.
Schlagwrter: Prfung der Vereinbarkeit nationalen Rechts mit
vlkerrechtlichen Ver-trgen, Chile, Menschenrechte,
Interamerikanischer Gerichtshof fr Menschenrechte, Corpus iuris,
Dialog zwischen den Gerichten, Internationales System der
Menschenrechte.
ABSTRACTThis paper is a study of national judges as judges of
conventionality control and the legal basis of their task.
Furthermore, it examines the kind of dialogue which might exist
between national jurisdictions and the Inter-American Court of
Human Rights, as well as the ways in which national judiciary
bodies might carry out this dialogue. It ends with an analysis of
the use of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights case law by
Chiles Constitutional Court.
Keywords: Conventionality control, Chile, Human rights,
Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Corpus juris, Dialogue among
jurisdictions, International human rights system.
1. Consideraciones iniciales bsicas
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1.1. La caracterizacin de los tratados de derechos humanos
-B$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTFOBEFMBOUF$*%)QSFDJTBMBTDBSBDUFSTUJDBTRVFJEFOUJDBOBMPTUSBUBEPTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZMBTEJGFSFODJBTEFMPTUSBUBEPTRVFTFDPODSFUBOUSBEJDJPOBMNFOUFFONVUVPCFOFDJPEFMPTJOUFSFTFTEFMBTQBSUFTDPOUSBUBOUFT
yMPTUSBUBEPTNPEFSOPTTPCSFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTFOHFOFSBMZFOQBSUJDVMBSMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBOPTPOUSBUBEPTNVMUJMBUFSBMFTEFMUJQPUSBEJDJPOBM
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ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 513
DPODMVJEPTFOGVODJOEFVOJOUFSDBNCJPSFDQSPDPEFEFSFDIPTQBSBFMCFOFDJPNVUVPEFMPT&TUBEPTDPOUSBUBOUFT4VPCKFUPZOTPOMBQSPUFDDJOEFMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTEFMPTTFSFTIVNBOPTJOEFQFOEJFOUFNFOUFEFTVOBDJPOBMJEBEUBOUPGSFOUFBTVQSPQJP&TUBEPDPNPGSFOUFBMPTPUSPT&TUBEPTDPOUSBUBOUFT"MBQSPCBSFTUPTUSBUBEPTTPCSFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTMPT&TUBEPTTFTPNFUFOBVOPSEFOMFHBMEFOUSPEFMDVBMFMMPTQPSFMCJFODPNOBTVNFOWBSJBTPCMJHBDJPOFTOPFOSFMBDJODPOPUSPT&TUBEPTTJOPIBDJBMPTJOEJWJEVPTCBKPTVKVSJTEJDDJO1
4PCSFMBNBUFSJBZBTFIBCBNBOJGFTUBEPMB$*%)FOTVTQSJNFSBTPQJOJPOFTDPOTVMUJWBTEFUFSNJOBOEPMBTFTQFDJDJEBEFTRVFWJFOFOEBEBTEFMBTDPOWFODJPOFTPUSBUBEPTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTQPSFMDBSDUFSEFJOTUSVNFOUPTEFQSPUFDDJOEFEFSFDIPTBGBWPSEFMPTJOEJWJEVPT2EFEPOEFTFEFTQSFOEFRVFMPT&TUBEPTUJFOFOMBPCMJHBDJOEFSFTQFUBSMPTUSBUBEPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZQSPUFHFSBDVBMRVJFSJOEJWJEVPRVFTFFODVFOUSFCBKPTVKVSJTEJDDJO
1.2. Las obligaciones generales que generan los tratados de
derechos humanos para los Estados partes: la Convencin Americana
sobre Derechos Humanos
1.2.1. Es deber del Estado parte respetar y garantizar los
derechos asegurados convencionalmente
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1BSBMPTFGFDUPTEFFTUB$POWFODJOQFSTPOBFTUPEPTFSIVNBOP
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1 0QJOJODPOTVMUJWB0$EFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFEFOPNJOBEBEl efecto de las
reser-vas sobre la entrada en vigencia de la Convencin
Americana"SUTZ&OFMNJTNPTFOUJEPTFFYQSFTBMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBFOFMDBTPEFMTribunal
Constitucional vs. PerTFOUFODJBEFTFQUJFNCSFEFDPNQFUFODJB
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514 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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&OFTUBNJTNBMOFBEFJEFBTFTUB$PSUFIBFTUBCMFDJEPRVFiFHOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOBDJPOBMMBTPCMJHBDJPOFTRVFTUFJNQPOFEFCFOTFSDVNQMJEBTEFCVFOBGFZOPQVFEFJOWPDBSTFQBSBTVJODVNQMJNJFOUPFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPw3&TUBSFHMBIBTJEPDPEJDBEBFOFMBSUDVMPEFMB$POWFODJOEF7JFOBTPCSFFM%FSFDIPEFMPT5SBUBEPTEF4
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-BTFHVOEBPCMJHBDJOEFMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTFTMBEFiHBSBOUJ[BSwFMMJCSFZQMFOPFKFSDJDJPEFMPTEFSFDIPTSFDPOPDJEPTFOMB$POWFODJOBUPEBQFSTPOBTVKFUBBTVKVSJTEJDDJO&TUBPCMJHBDJOJNQMJDBFMEFCFSEFMPT&TUBEPT1BSUFTEFPSHBOJ[BSUPEPFMBQBSBUPHVCFSOBNFOUBMZFOHFOFSBMUPEBTMBTFTUSVDUVSBTBUSBWTEFMBTDVBMFTTFNBOJFTUBFMFKFSDJDJPEFMQPEFSQCMJDPEFNBOFSBUBMRVFTFBODBQBDFTEFBTFHVSBSKVSEJDBNFOUFFMMJCSFZQMFOPFKFSDJDJPEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT$PNPDPOTFDVFODJBEFFTUBPCMJHBDJOMPT&TUBEPTEFCFOQSFWFOJSJOWFTUJHBSZTBODJPOBS
3 $GSResponsabilidad internacional por expedicin y aplicacin de
leyes violatorias de la Con-vencin (Arts. 1 y 2 Convencin Americana
Sobre Derechos
Humanos)PQJOJODPOTVMUJWB0$EFMEFEJDJFNCSFEFTFSJF"OoQSSBGP
4 $PSUF*%)Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs.
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5 $GS i1SJODJQFBMMBOUEFTPJwEchange des populations grecques et
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ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 515
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1.2.2. El deber del Estado de adecuar su ordenamiento jurdico y
conducta a las obligaciones convencionales
"TVWF[FMartculo 2 de la
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-B$"%)FTUBCMFDFMBPCMJHBDJOHFOFSBMEFDBEB&TUBEPQBSUFEFBEFDVBSTVEFSFDIPJOUFSOPBMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTEFEJDIB$POWFODJOQBSBHBSBOUJ[BSMPTEFSFDIPTFOFMMBDPOTBHSBEPT&MMPTJHOJDBRVFFM&TUBEPEFCFBEPQUBSUPEBTMBTNFEJEBTQBSBRVFBRVFMMPFTUBCMFDJEPFOMB$POWFODJOTFBFGFDUJWBNFOUFDVNQMJEPFOTVPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPJOUFSOPUBMDPNPMPEFUFSNJOBFMBSUDVMPEFMB$POWFODJO%JDIPEFCFSHFOFSBMEFM&TUBEPQBSUFJNQMJDBRVFMBTNFEJEBTEFEFSFDIPJOUFSOPIBOEFTFSFGFDUJWBTQSJODJQJPEFM
effet
utile)%JDIBTNFEJEBTTMPTPOFGFDUJWBTDVBOEPFM&TUBEPBEBQUBTVBDUVBDJOBMBOPSNBUJWBEFQSPUFDDJOEFMB$POWFODJODPNPIBQSFDJTBEPMB$*%)FOTVKVSJTQSVEFODJB9
7 $PSUF*%)Caso Velsquez Rodrguez vs.
HondurasGPOEPTFOUFODJBEFEFKVMJPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP-B$PSUFTFIBCBQSPOVODJBEPQSFWJBNFOUFSFTQFDUPEFFYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTFOTFOUFODJBEFEFKVOJPEFTFSJF$O
8 $PSUF*%)Caso La Masacre de Pueblo Bello vs.
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9 $PSUF*%)Caso La ltima tentacin de Cristo (Olmedo Bustos y
otros)vs.
Chile,GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP
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516 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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1PSPUSBQBSUFFTOFDFTBSJPSFGFSJSTFBMBPCMJHBDJOHFOFSBMEFMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTDPOUFOJEBFOFMBSUDVMPEFMB$"%)BUSBWTEFMBDVBMiTFDPNQSPNFUFOBBEPQUBSDPOBSSFHMPBTVTQSPDFEJNJFOUPTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTZBMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTEFFTUB$POWFODJOMBTNFEJEBTMFHJTMBUJWBTPEFPUSPDBSDUFSRVFGVFSFOOFDFTBSJBTQBSBIBDFSFGFDUJWPTUBMFTEFSFDIPTZMJCFSUBEFTw
-BBEPQDJOEFNFEJEBTMFHJTMBUJWBTRVFMB$"%)FTUBCMFDFDPNPEFCFSEFM&TUBEPDVBOEPOPTFFODVFOUSBOEFCJEBNFOUFBTFHVSBEPTZHBSBOUJ[BEPTMPTEFSFDIPTDPOWFODJPOBMFTJNQMJDBFMEFCFSFTUBUBMEFBEPQUBSNFEJEBTRVFBEFDVFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPEFTEFFMUFYUPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMIBTUBMBMUJNBEJTQPTJDJOBENJOJTUSBUJWBEFNBOFSBRVFFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPEFM&TUBEPQBSUFBTFHVSFZHBSBOUJDFMPTBUSJCVUPTRVFJOUFHSBOMPTSFTQFDUJWPTEFSFDIPTDPOWFODJPOBMFTZTVTHBSBOUBTFOMPTFTUOEBSFTNOJNPTEFUFSNJOBEPTQPSMB$"%)4PCSFEJDIPTFTUOEBSFTFM&TUBEPUJFOFTJFNQSFMBMJCFSUBEEFBTFHVSBSNBZPSFTBUSJCVUPTZHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTRVFMPTFTUBCMFDJEPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUF"TJNJTNPFOMBNBUFSJBSJHFODPNPSFHMBTJOUFSQSFUBUJWBTCTJDBTDPOUFOJEBTFOMBNJTNB$POWFODJOFOTVBSUDVMPMPTQPTUVMBEPTPQSJODJQJPTEFiQSPHSFTJWJEBEwZiGBWPSQFSTPOBw11FTUFMUJNPEFSJWBEPEFMBSUDVMPMJUFSBMCEFMB$"%)MPRVFQPTJCJMJUBBQMJDBSMPTFTUOEBSFTEFPUSPTUSBUBEPTFORVFFM&TUBEPGPSNFQBSUFRVFFTUBCMFDFOFTUOEBSFTTVQFSJPSFTEFBUSJCVUPTZHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTRVFMPTDPOUFOJEPTFOMB$"%)
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10
$FDJMJB.FEJOB2VJSPHBi-BTPCMJHBDJPOFTEFMPT&TUBEPTCBKPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBTPCSF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTwFOIII
Curso especializado para funcionarios de Estado sobre utilizacin
del Sistema Interamericano de Proteccin de Derechos
Humanos,NBUFSJBMFTCJCMJPHSDPTO4BO+PTQ
11
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Americana sobre Derechos
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QSSBGPDPNPFOMPTDBTPTDPOUFODJPTPTFOUSFMPTDVBMFTQVFEFDJUBSTFFMDBTPRicardo
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Bronstein con PerQSSBGPTZ
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ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 517
DPNPPCMJHBDJOEFSFTVMUBEPBVORVFFMMPJNQMJRVFMBSFGPSNBNJTNBEFMB$POTUJUVDJODPNPPDVSSJFOFMDBTPLa
ltima tentacin de
CristoFOFMDVBMMBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)PSEFORVFFM&TUBEPEF$IJMFEFCBNPEJDBSFMBSUDVMPOJODJTPOBMEFMB$POTUJUVDJOQPSTFSDPOUSBSJPBMBSUDVMPEFMB$POWFODJORVFBTFHVSBFMEFSFDIPBMBMJCFSUBEEFFYQSFTJOFJOGPSNBDJOTJODFOTVSBQSFWJB
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Arellano vs. ChileDPOFM%-EFEF"NOJTUBPFOFMDBTPLa Cantuta vs.
Per13DPOMFZFTEFBNOJTUB14PNTSFDJFOUFNFOUFFOFMDBTPGelman vs.
Uruguay15TPCSFMB-FZEF$BEVDJEBEEFMB1SFUFOTJO1VOJUJWBEFM&TUBEPEFUFSNJOBOEPRVFFTUPTQSFDFQUPTMFHBMFTDBSFDFOEFFGFDUPTKVSEJDPTWBMFEFDJSTPOJOBQMJDBCMFT
-PT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMB$"%)EFCFOBCTUFOFSTFEFFNJUJSSFTPMVDJPOFTKVEJDJBMFTRVFDPOTUJUVZBOBDUPTBSCJUSBSJPTFSSJUPTRVFWVMOFSFOEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTMPTDVBMFTTFEFDMBSBOTJOWBMPSZFDBDJBKVSEJDBDPNPIBPDVSSJEPFOFMDBTPPalamara
Iribarne vs. Chile16DPNPBTJNJTNPFOFMDBTPAlmonacid Arellano vs.
Chile,17PFMSFDJFOUFDBTP Atala y nias vs.
Chile,QBSBTMPTFBMBSUSFTDBTPTDIJMFOPT"TVWF[MBFYQSFTJOiNFEJEBTEFPUSPDBSDUFSwRVFEFUFSNJOBMB$POWFODJOFOTVBSUDVMPJNQMJDBRVFMPTSHBOPTKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFTPSEJOBSJPTPFTQFDJBMFTRVFDPOUFNQMBFMPSEFOBNJFOUPFTUBUBMFODVBOUPSHBOPTEFM&TUBEPTFFODVFOUSBOWJODVMBEPTEJSFDUBFJONFEJBUBNFOUFQPSMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUFNTBODVBOEPFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPFTUBUBMBMSBUJDBSMB$POWFODJOMBDPOWJFSUFFOEFSFDIPJOUFSOPTJORVFEFKFEFTFSTJNVMUOFBNFOUFEFSFDIPJOUFSOBDJPOBM"TMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMFOFTUBEPCMFEJNFOTJOEFOPSNBJOUFSOBFJOUFSOBDJPOBMWJODVMBBMPTKVFDFTPSEJOBSJPTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTZPUSPTFTQFDJBMFTBSFTQFUBSZBHBSBOUJ[BSMPTBUSJCVUPTZHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTQPSEJDIBOPSNBUJWBFOFMFTUOEBSNOJNPBTFHVSBEPDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUF$PNPIBQSFDJTBEPMB$*%)FOFMDBTPAlmonacid
Arellano vs. Chile:
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12 Responsabilidad internacional por expedicin y aplicacin de
leyes violatorias de la convencin (Arts. 1 y 2 Convencin Americana
Sobre Derechos
Humanos)PQJOJODPOTVMUJWB0$EFMEFEJDJFNCSFEFTFSJF"Oo
13 $PSUF*%)Caso La Cantuta vs.
Per,GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo
14
$PNPTFFYQMJDJUBFOFMDBTPi&ODPOTFDVFODJBEJDIBTAMFZFTOPIBOQPEJEPHFOFSBSFGFDUPTOPMPTUJFOFOFOFMQSFTFOUFOJQPESOHFOFSBSMPTFOFMGVUVSPw
15 $PSUF*%)Caso Gelman vs.
Uruguay,GPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP
16 $PSUF*%)Caso Palamara Iribarne vs.
ChileGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo
17 $PSUF*%)Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs.
Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo
-
518 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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&OUBMQFSTQFDUJWBOPEFCFPMWJEBSTFRVFDVBOEPMMFHBVODBTPBMTJTUFNBJOUFSBNFSJDBOPEFQSPUFDDJOEFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTZFM&TUBEPFTDPOEFOBEPFTQPSRVFIBGBMMBEPVOBJOTUBODJBKVSJTEJDDJPOBMEFMTJTUFNBOBDJPOBMZBRVFQBSBBDDFEFSBMTJTUFNBJOUFSBNFSJDBOPEFCFOIBCFSTFBHPUBEPQSFWJBNFOUFMBTJOTUBODJBTKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFTJOUFSOBT"TPDVSSJDPOMPTDBTPTDIJMFOPTLa
ltima tentacin de Cristo,19Palamara,20Claude Reyes vs.
Chile21ZAlmonacid y otros vs. Chile.22
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&OEFOJUJWBDVBOEPVO&TUBEPIBNBOJGFTUBEPTVDPOTFOUJNJFOUPFOBDFQUBSMBDPNQFUFODJBEFSHBOPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFQSPUFDDJOEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTBENJUF
18 $PSUF*%)Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs.
Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP
19 $PSUF*%) Caso La ltima tentacin de Cristo (Olmedo Bustos y
otros) vs.
Chile,GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$Oo&MDBTPMMFHBBMB$*%)EFTQVTEFVOBTFOUFODJBEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJB
20 $PSUF*%)Caso Palamara Iribarne vs. Chile,
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21 $PSUF*%)Caso Claude Reyes y otros vs.
Chile,GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo-B$*%)DPOPDFEFMBNBUFSJBEFTQVTEFQSPOVODJBNJFOUPTEFTFOUFODJBTFOSFDVSTPEFQSPUFDDJOEFMB$PSUFEF"QFMBDJPOFTEF4BOUJBHPZEFTFOUFODJBFOSFDVSTPEFRVFKBEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJB
22 $PSUF*%)Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs.
Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo-B$*%)TFQSPOVODJBEFTQVTEFTFOUFODJBTEFMB$PSUF.BSDJBMZEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJB
23 $PSUF*%)Caso Villagrn Morales y otros (caso Nios de la calle)
vs. GuatemalaTFOUFODJBEFEFNBZPEF
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 519
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2. El control de convencionalidad
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2.1. El control de convencionalidad en sede internacional
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24 4VTBOB"MCBOFTFDPPSEEl control de
convencionalidad#VFOPT"JSFT&EJBSQ25
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Estudios
Constitucionales,BPO$FOUSPEF&TUVEJPT$POTUJUVDJPOBMFTEF$IJMF$BNQVT4BOUJBHP6OJWFSTJEBEEF5BMDBQQ
-
520 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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
&TUFNFDBOJTNPTFIBSFGPS[BEPQPSla puesta en cuestin de la
autoridad de cosa juz-gada,
FTQFDJBMNFOUFFONBUFSJBQFOBMQPSMBKVSJTEJDDJOJOUFSOBEFCJFOEPSFYBNJOBSTFMBTEFDJTJPOFTKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFTJOUFSOBTDPOTJEFSBEBTDPOUSBSJBTBMB$"%)DPNPIBTJEPQSFDJTBEPFOBarrios
Altos vs. PerZAlmonacid Arellanos vs. Chile
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iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPWBDPOTUSVZFOEPFMpatrimonio jurdico comn mnimo de
los Estados
americanos-BTDPODFQDJPOFTDPNVOFTTFWBOEFTBSSPMMBOEPZDPOTPMJEBOEPDPOUSJCVZFOEPBFMMPMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMBTKVSJTEJDDJPOFTEFMPT&TUBEPTTJHOBUBSJPT
&TBQBSUJSEFMFYBNFOEFMBFWPMVDJOEFMBTKVSJTQSVEFODJBTOBDJPOBMFTRVFMB$*%)EFTBSSPMMBMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOFWPMVUJWBEFMB$"%)&MMBMPIBDFUFOJFOEPFODVFOUBMPTDBNCJPTTPDJBMFTQFSDJCJEPTQPSMPTKVFDFTJOUFSOPTFOMBFTUSVDUVSBZDPODFQDJOEFMBGBNJMJBFMNBUSJNPOJPFMUSBOTFYVBMJTNPTPCSFMBWJEBIVNBOBTVJOJDJPZTVUSNJOP
QBSBTMPTFBMBSBMHVOPTEFFMMPT
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2.2. El control de convencionalidad que deben ejercer los jueces
nacionales en cuanto Estado juez
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-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 521
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&MKVF[OBDJPOBMFODVBOUPJOUSQSFUFZBQMJDBEPSEFcorpus
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&MKVF[OBDJPOBMEFCFBQMJDBSFMDPSQVTJVSJTJOUFSBNFSJDBOPZMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)ZUBNCJOMPTNUPEPTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFTBSSPMMBEPTQPSMB$*%)MBJOUFSQSFUBDJOFWPMVUJWBMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEJONJDBFMQSJODJQJPGBWPSQFSTPOBFMQSJODJQJPEFQSPHSFTJWJEBEFMQSJODJQJPEFQPOEFSBDJOUPEPMPRVFDPOTUJUVZFVOBGVFOUFEFBNQMJBDJOEFTVQPEFSDSFBEPSEFEFSFDIP
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26
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en lHonneur de Jean Claude Gautrn. Les dynamiques du doit europen
en dbut du sicle,1BST1FEPOFQ
-
522 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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)BZBTVOJOUFSDBNCJPCJMBUFSBMPNVMUJMBUFSBMNFEJBOUFFMFOUSFMB[BNJFOUPEFQSPQTJUPTFOVONJTNPMPHPTPDPMPRVJPRVFSFQPTBTPCSFVOSFGPS[BNJFOUPEFDBEBVOPBTVDPOWJDDJOEFDPOTUSVJSTPMVDJPOFTNFEJBOUFVOFTGVFS[PDPNO
-BTTPMVDJPOFTJOOPWBEPSBTEFMBKVEJDBUVSBOBDJPOBMQPESOJOVJSBMB$*%)QBSBMPRVFEFCFSFTQFSBSTFRVFFMKVF[JOUFSBNFSJDBOPDPOP[DBVODBTPTJNJMBSQPSMPRVFFMEJMPHPNJFOUSBTFMMPOPPDVSSBTFSTMPQPUFODJBMPTJMB$*%)SFUPNBMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBOBDJPOBMFOVODBTPGVUVSPFMEJMPHPTFSFOUPODFTFGFDUJWP
-PTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTOPEFCFOUFOFSVOBBDUJUVEQBTJWBPVOBBDUJUVEEFBVUPOPNBSFTQFDUPBMB$*%)TJOPVOBBDUJUVEEFDPPQFSBDJOZEFDPPSEJOBDJOWPMVOUBSJBEPOEFFMKVF[OBDJPOBMOPTPMBNFOUFCVTDBSDPNQSFOEFSFMFTQSJUVEFMBTTPMVDJPOFTKVSJTQSVEFODJBMFTFNJUJEBTQPSMB$*%)TJOPRVFBTVNJSVOSPMBDUJWPEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOZBQMJDBDJOEFMB$POWFODJOFOEFSFDIPJOUFSOP
&MDPODFQUPEFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEGVFFTUBCMFDJEPGPSNBMNFOUFQPSMB$*%)QPSQSJNFSBWF[FOGPSNBVOOJNFFOMBTFOUFODJBAlmonacid
Arellano y otros vs. ChileFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFBMBOEPRVF
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iDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFOUSFMBTOPSNBTKVSEJDBTJOUFSOBTRVFBQMJDBOFOMPTDBTPTDPODSFUPTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBTPCSF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT&OFTUBUBSFBFM1PEFS+VEJDJBMEFCFUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB27
-BPCMJHBDJOQPSQBSUFEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTEFDPODSFUBSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEGVFSFJUFSBEBFOGPSNBVOJGPSNFFOEJWFSTPTGBMMPTEFMB$*%)TJONBZPSFTWBSJBOUFT28
27 $PSUF*%)Caso Almonacid Arellano y otros vs.
Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP
28 -PTDBTPTLa Cantuta vs.
PerTFOUFODJBEFMEFOPWJFNCSFEFDPOTJEFSBOEPFOFMDBTPTrabajadores
cesados del Congreso (Aguado Alfaro y otros) vs.
Per4FSJF$OoEFMEFOPWJFNCSFEFQSSBGP
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 523
IBTUBMMFHBSBMDBTPTrabajadores Cesados del Congreso vs.
Per,EPOEFMB$*%)QSFDJTFONFKPSGPSNBFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBE"FTUFSFTQFDUTFBM
$VBOEPVO&TUBEPIBSBUJDBEPVOUSBUBEPJOUFSOBDJPOBMDPNPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBTVTKVFDFTUBNCJOFTUOTPNFUJEPTBFMMBMPRVFMFTPCMJHBBWFMBSQPSRVFFMFGFDUPUJMEFMB$POWFODJOOPTFWFBNFSNBEPPBOVMBEPQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFMFZFTDPOUSBSJBTBTVTEJTQPTJDJPOFTPCKFUPZO&OPUSBTQBMBCSBTMPTSHBOPTEFM1PEFS+VEJDJBMEFCFOFKFSDFSOPTMPVODPOUSPMEFDPOTUJUVDJPOBMJEBETJOPUBNCJOiEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFYPDJPFOUSFMBTOPSNBTJOUFSOBTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBFWJEFOUFNFOUFFOFMNBSDPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFT29
"TVWF[FOFMDBTP Heliodoro Portugal vs. Panam EFMB$*%)QSFDJT
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iDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwTFHOFMDVBMDBEBKV[HBEPSEFCFWFMBSQPSFMFGFDUPUJMEFMPTJOTUSVNFOUPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFNBOFSBRVFOPRVFEFNFSNBEPPBOVMBEPQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFOPSNBTPQSDUJDBTJOUFSOBTDPOUSBSJBTBMPCKFUPZOEFMJOTUSVNFOUPJOUFSOBDJPOBMPEFMFTUOEBSJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFQSPUFDDJOEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT3132
EOFMDBTP Cabrera Garca y Montiel Floresvs.
MxicoEFMEFOPWJFNCSFEF33MB$*%)JOUSPEVKPOVFWBTQSFDJTJPOFTBMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBERVFEFCFOEFTBSSPMMBSMBTKVSJTEJDDJPOFTOBDJPOBMFT
29 $PSUF*%)Caso Trabajadores cesados del Congreso (Aguado Alfaro
y otros) vs.
Per,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP
30 $GS $PSUF*%)Casos Castillo Petruzzi y otros,
supraOPUBQSSBGPAlmonacid Arellano y otros, supraOPUBQSSBGPZSalvador
Chiriboga, supraOPUBQSSBGP
31 $GS. $PSUF*%)Casos Almonacid Arellano y otros, supra
OPUBQSSBGPZBoyce y otros, supra OPUBQSSBGP
32 $PSUF*%)Caso Heliodoro Portugal vs.
Panam,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFBHPTUPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP
33 $PSUF*%)Cabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs.
MxicoFYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$Oo
-
524 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
&TUF5SJCVOBMIBFTUBCMFDJEPFOTVKVSJTQSVEFODJBRVFFTDPOTDJFOUFRVFMBTBVUPSJEBEFTJOUFSOBTFTUOTVKFUBTBMJNQFSJPEFMBMFZZQPSFMMPFTUOPCMJHBEBTBBQMJDBSMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTWJHFOUFTFOFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDP1FSPDVBOEPVO&TUBEPFT1BSUFEFVOUSBUBEPJOUFSOBDJPOBMDPNPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB,
todos sus rganos, incluidos sus
juecesUBNCJOFTUOTPNFUJEPTBBRVMMPDVBMMFTPCMJHBBWFMBSQPSRVFMPTFGFDUPTEFMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTEFMB$POWFODJOOPTFWFBONFSNBEPTQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFOPSNBTDPOUSBSJBTBTVPCKFUPZOLos
jueces y rganos vinculados a la administracin de justicia en todos
los nivelesFTUOFOMBobligacin de ejercer ex officio un control de
convencionalidadwFOUSFMBTOPSNBTJOUFSOBTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBFWJEFOUFNFOUFFOFMNBSDPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFT&OFTUBUBSFBlos
jueces y rganos judiciales vinculados a la administracin de
justiciaEFCFOUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBw&OGBTJTBBEJEP
&OFOMBTFOUFODJBEFMDBTPGelman vs.
Uruguay,MB$*%)SFJUFSVOBWF[NTTVKVSJTQSVEFODJB&OFTUFTFOUJEPFYQSFT
$VBOEPVO&TUBEPFT1BSUFEFVOUSBUBEPJOUFSOBDJPOBMDPNPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBUPEPTTVTSHBOPTJODMVJEPTTVTKVFDFTFTUOTPNFUJEPTBBRVMMPDVBMMFTPCMJHBBWFMBSQPSRVFMPTFGFDUPTEFMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTEFMB$POWFODJOOPTFWFBONFSNBEPTQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFOPSNBTDPOUSBSJBTBTVPCKFUPZOQPSMPRVFMPTKVFDFTZSHBOPTWJODVMBEPTBMBBENJOJTUSBDJOEFKVTUJDJBFOUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTFTUOFOMBPCMJHBDJOEFFKFSDFSFYPDJPVOiDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFOUSFMBTOPSNBTJOUFSOBTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBFWJEFOUFNFOUFFOFMNBSDPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFTZFOFTUBUBSFBEFCFOUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB3435
&OFMDBTP Atala Riffo y nias vs.
Chile,EFMEFGFCSFSPEFMB$PSUFSFJUFSFMFNFOUPTCTJDPTEFEJDIPDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEZQSFDJTTVDBSDUFSEFJOUFSQSFUFMUJNPEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB
34 $GS Almonacid Arellano y otros vs.
Chile,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPGomes
Lund y otros (Guerrilha do Araguaia)supraOPUBQSSZCabrera Garca y
Montiel FloressupraOPUBQSS
35 $PSUF*%)Gelman vs. Uruguay,
GPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 525
-PTKVFDFTZSHBOPTWJODVMBEPTBMBBENJOJTUSBDJOEFKVTUJDJBFOUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTFTUOFOMBPCMJHBDJOEFFKFSDFSFYPDJPVOiDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFOUSFMBTOPSNBTJOUFSOBTZMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBFOFMNBSDPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFT&OFTUBUBSFBMPTKVFDFTZSHBOPTWJODVMBEPTBMBBENJOJTUSBDJOEFKVTUJDJBEFCFOUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOB
&ODPODMVTJODPOCBTFFOFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEFTOFDFTBSJP
RVFMBTJOUFSQSFUBDJPOFTKVEJDJBMFTZBENJOJTUSBUJWBTZMBTHBSBOUBTKVEJDJBMFTTFBQMJRVFOBEFDVOEPTFBMPTQSJODJQJPTFTUBCMFDJEPTFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFFTUF5SJCVOBMFOFMQSFTFOUFDBTP36
-B$*%)IBSFJUFSBEPVOJGPSNFNFOUFFTUBQFSTQFDUJWBIBTUBFMQSFTFOUFFONVDIPTDBTPT37DPOFMPCKFUPEFRVFEJDIBPCMJHBDJOEFDPODSFUBSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBETFBFGFDUJWBNFOUFEFTBSSPMMBEBQPSMBTKVSJTEJDDJPOFTOBDJPOBMFTMPRVFQPTJCJMJUBBTJNJTNPEFTDBSHBSBMB$PSUFEFVODNVMPEFDBTPTRVFQFSGFDUBNFOUFQVFEFOTFSBTVNJEPTQPSMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTQPSBQMJDBDJOEFMB$POWFODJOZEFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFTVTFOVODJBEPTOPSNBUJWPTTPCSFEFSFDIPTRVFZBIBOTJEPJOUFSQSFUBEPTZBQMJDBEPTQPSMB$*%)&YJTUFODMBSBTMOFBTKVSJTQSVEFODJBMFTEFTUBTPCSFMBNBUFSJB
-BPCMJHBDJOEFBQMJDBSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJOUFSOPQPSFM&TUBEPMFHJTMBEPSQPSFM&TUBEPBENJOJTUSBEPSZQPSFM&TUBEPKVF[ZBFYJTUBQSFWJBNFOUFBMDBTPAlmonacid
Arellano vs. Chile-PRVFIBDFMB$*%)FOFTUFDBTPFTTJNQMFNFOUFbautizar
MBPCMJHBDJOEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTDPNPcontrol de
convencionalidadRVFOPUJFOFOBEBEFPSJHJOBMZBRVFBTTFMMBNBUBNCJOFMDPOUSPMRVFTFQSDUJDBEFTEFIBDFWBSJBTEDBEBTFO&VSPQBSFTQFDUPEFMB$POWFODJO&VSPQFBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT
%FMBTTFOUFODJBTEFMB$*%)BOUFTQSFDJTBEBTQVFEFOEFUFSNJOBSTFMBTPCMJHBDJPOFTEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTFOUSNJOPTEFIBDFSDVNQMJSFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPFMSFTQFUPZ
36 $PSUF$*%)Caso Atala Riffo y Nias vs. Chile,
EFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPTZ
37 $PSUF$*%)Casos Heliodoro Portugal vs.
Panam,FYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFBHPTUPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGPRosendo
Radilla Pacheco vs. Estados Unidos
MexicanosFYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPManuel
Cepeda Vargas vs.
Co-lombiaFYDFQDJPOFTQSFMJNJOBSFTGPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFNBZPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPOPUBComunidad
Indgena Xkmok Ksek vs. Paraguay,
GPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFBHPTUPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPFernndez
Ortega y Otros vs.
MxicoFYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFBHPTUPEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPCabrera
Garca y Montiel Flores vs.
MxicoFYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoGelman
vs. Uruguay,
GPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGPLpez Mendoza
vs.
VenezuelaGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFTFQUJFNCSFEFQSSBGPAtala
Riffo y nias vs. ChileTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEF
-
526 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
MBHBSBOUBEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUFBTFHVSBEPTDPOUSBUPEBOPSNBJOUFSOBRVFMPTDPOUSBWFOHBEOEPMFBUBMFTEFSFDIPTVOFGFDUPUJM
-PTFMFNFOUPTRVFDPNQPOFOFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEFBDVFSEPBMEJTFPFTUBCMFDJEPQPSMB$*%)QVFEFOTJOUFUJ[BSTFFOMPTTJHVJFOUFTDPOUFOJEPT
5PEPTMPTSHBOPTEFM&TUBEPQBSUFJODMVJEPTMPTKVFDFTEFUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTFTUOPCMJHBEPTBWFMBSQPSRVFMPTFGFDUPTEFMB$POWFODJOOPTFWFBONFSNBEPTQPSMBBQMJDBDJOEFMFZFTDPOUSBSJBTBTVPCKFUPZODPODSFUBOEPVODPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEFMBTOPSNBTKVSEJDBTJOUFSOBT
&TUFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEFCFOSFBMJ[BSMPMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTZMPTEFNTSHBOPTFTUBUBMFTFYPDJPPUPSHOEPMFVOFGFDUPUJMRVFOPTFBBOVMBEPQPSBQMJDBDJOEFMFZFTDPOUSBSJBTBPCKFUPZO
&OEJDIPDPOUSPMEFCFUFOFSTFFODPOTJEFSBDJOOPTMPFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFTUFIBSFBMJ[BEPMB$*%)DPNPTVJOUFSQSFUFBVUOUJDPZOBM
&MDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBETFFKFSDFQPSDBEBSHBOPFTUBUBMZQPSMPTKVFDFTEFOUSPEFTVTSFTQFDUJWBTDPNQFUFODJBTZMBTSFHVMBDJPOFTQSPDFTBMFTWJHFOUFT
$POCBTFFOFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEFTOFDFTBSJPRVFMBTJOUFSQSFUBDJPOFTKVEJDJBMFTZBENJOJTUSBUJWBTZMBTHBSBOUBTKVEJDJBMFTTFBQMJRVFOBEFDVOEPTFBMPTQSJODJQJPTFTUBCMFDJEPTQPSMB$"%)
&OFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEOPTFBQMJDBTMPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBTPCSF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTTJOPUBNCJOFMcorpus
iurisWJODVMBOUFQBSBFM&TUBEPQBSUFFOWJSUVEEFMBSUDVMPEFMB$"%)
$VBOEPMB$*%)TFSFFSFBMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTOPBMVEFOJDBNFOUFBMPTKVFDFTPSEJOBSJPTRVFJOUFHSBOFM1PEFS+VEJDJBMDPNPRVFEBDMBSJDBEPFOMBTFOUFODJB
EFMDBTP Cabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs.
Mxico,EPOEFIBCMBEFiUPEPTTVTSHBOPTwSFSJOEPTFBM&TUBEPQBSUFRVFIBSBUJDBEPMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBiJODMVJEPTTVTKVFDFTwMPTDVBMFTEFCFOWFMBSQPSFMFGFDUPUJMEFM1BDUPDPNPBTJNJTNPRVFiMPTKVFDFTZSHBOPTWJODVMBEPTBMBBENJOJTUSBDJOEFKVTUJDJBFOUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTwFTUOPCMJHBEPTBFKFSDFSEFPDJPFMiDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEw&TDMBSPFOUPODFTRVFUPEPSHBOPRVFFKFS[BKVSJTEJDDJOEFOUSPEFM&TUBEPMPRVFJODMVZFPCWJBNFOUFBMPTUSJCVOBMFTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTBMPTSHBOPTRVFFKFS[BOKVSJTEJDDJOFMFDUPSBMZBUPEPKVF[FTQFDJBMRVFEFUFSNJOBFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPOBDJPOBMBEFNTEFMPTKVFDFTPSEJOBSJPTEFUPEBTMBTJOTUBODJBTEFCFOFKFSDFSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEDPOUSBOPSNBTJOUFSOBTRVFBGFDUFOPWVMOFSFOMPTEFSFDIPTDPOWFODJPOBMFT5BMFTKVFDFTEFCFOBTFHVSBSFMPCKFUPZOEFMB$POWFODJOZFMSFTQFUPZHBSBOUBFTQFDDPEFMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUF5PEPTZDBEBVOPEFMPTKVFDFTEPNTUJDPTEFCFOSFBMJ[BSFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJOUFHSBOEPFOFMTJTUFNBEFUPNBEFEFDJTJPOFTKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFTMPTBUSJCVUPTZMBTHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTQPSMB$"%)ZMPTDPOWFOJPTDPNQMFNFOUBSJPT&TUPEBVOFGFDUPUJMBMEFCFSEFHBSBOUJ[BSUBMFTEFSFDIPT
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 527
&OFTUFWFMBSQPSFMSFTQFUPEFMPTFTUOEBSFTNOJNPTEFUFSNJOBEPTDPOWFODJPOBMNFOUFSFTQFDUPEFMPTBUSJCVUPTZMBTHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTMPTKVFDFTEFCFOBQMJDBSTJFNQSFFMprincipio
de progresividadZfavor persona38
RVFTFFODVFOUSBFOMBTOPSNBTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTDPOUFOJEBTFOFMBSUDVMPMJUFSBMCEFMB$"%)39BMJHVBMRVFFOFMBSUDVMPEFM1*%$140FOUSFPUSPTUSBUBEPTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT
1PSPUSBQBSUFBQBSUJSEFMBMUJNBEDBEBEFMTJHMPQBTBEPZMPTQSJNFSPTBPTEFMBOVFWBDFOUVSJBMBT$POTUJUVDJPOFTIBOFNQF[BEPBQPTJUJWBSFOMPTUFYUPTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTMPTQPTUVMBEPTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOCTJDPTFONBUFSJBEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT41DPNP
38 7FSFOUSFPUSPT.OJDB1JOUPi&MQSJODJQJPQSPIPNJOFwFO77"": La
aplicacin de los tratados sobre derechos humanos por los tribunales
locales,#VFOPT"JSFT&EJUPSJBM%FM1VFSUP(#JEBSU$BNQPTi-BTGVFOUFTEFMEFSFDIPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMZFMQSJODJQJPQSPIPNJOFwFO(#JEBSU$BNQPTZ"OEST(JM%PNOHVF[DPPSETEl
derecho constitucional del siglo xxi: diagnstico y perspectivas,
#VFOPT"JSFT&EJBSMWBSP'SBODJTDP"NBZB7JMMBSFBMi&MQSJODJQJPQSPIPNJOFJOUFSQSFUBDJOFYUFOTJWBWTFMDPOTFOUJNJFOUPEFM&TUBEPwFORevista
Colombiana de Derecho Internacional,
O#PHPU1POUJDB6OJWFSTJEBE+BWFSJBOBQQ
39
&MBSUDVMPMJUFSBMCEFMB$"%)QSFTDSJCFRVFOJOHVOBEJTQPTJDJOTVZBQVFEFTFSJOUFSQSFUBEBFOFMTFOUJEPEFiMJNJUBSFMHPDFZFKFSDJDJPEFDVBMRVJFSEFSFDIPPMJCFSUBERVFQVFEBFTUBSSFDPOPDJEPEFBDVFSEPDPOMBTMFZFTEFDVBMRVJFSBEFMPTFTUBEPTQBSUFTPEFBDVFSEPDPOPUSBDPOWFODJOFORVFTFBQBSUFVOPEFEJDIPTFTUBEPTw
40
"SU1*%$1i/JOHVOBEJTQPTJDJOEFMQSFTFOUF1BDUPQPESTFSJOUFSQSFUBEBFOFMTFOUJEPEFDPODFEFSEFSFDIPBMHVOPBVO&TUBEPHSVQPPJOEJWJEVPQBSBFNQSFOEFSBDUJWJEBEFTPSFBMJ[BSBDUPTFODBNJOBEPTBMBEFTUSVDDJOEFDVBMRVJFSBEFMPTEFSFDIPTZMJCFSUBEFTSFDPOPDJEPTFOFM1BDUPPBTVMJNJUBDJOFONBZPSNFEJEBRVFMBQSFWJTUBFOM/PQPESBENJUJSTFSFTUSJDDJOPNFOPTDBCPEFOJOHVOPEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTSFDPOPDJEPTPWJHFOUFTFOVO&TUBEP1BSUFFOWJSUVEEFMFZFTDPOWFODJPOFTSFHMBNFOUPTPDPTUVNCSFTTPQSFUFYUPEFRVFFMQSFTFOUF1BDUPOPMPTSFDPOPDFPMPTSFDPOPDFFONFOPSHSBEPw
41 -BConstitucin de Bolivia de 2009,
FOTVBSUDVMP*7EFUFSNJOBRVFiMPTUSBUBEPTZDPOWFOJPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTSBUJDBEPTQPSMB"TBNCMFB-FHJTMBUJWB1MVSJOBDJPOBMRVFSFDPOPDFOMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZRVFQSPICFOTVMJNJUBDJOFOMPT&TUBEPTEF&YDFQDJOQSFWBMFDFOFOFMPSEFOJOUFSOP-PTEFSFDIPTZEFCFSFTDPOTBHSBEPTFOFTUB$POTUJUVDJOTFJOUFSQSFUBSOEFDPOGPSNJEBEDPOMPT5SBUBEPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTSBUJDBEPTQPS#PMJWJBw-B
Constitucin de Colombia, FOTVBSUDVMP
EFUFSNJOBi-PTUSBUBEPTZDPOWFOJPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTSBUJDBEPTQPSFM$POHSFTPRVFSFDPOPDFOMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZRVFQSPICFOTVMJNJUBDJOFOMPTFTUBEPTEFFYDFQDJOQSFWBMFDFOFOFMPSEFOJOUFSOP-PTEFSFDIPTZEFCFSFTDPOTBHSBEPTFOFTUB$BSUBTFJOUFSQSFUBSOEFDPOGPSNJEBEDPOMPTUSBUBEPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTSBUJDBEPTQPS$PMPNCJBw-B
Constitucin ecuatoriana de 2008,
FOTVBSUDVMPQSFTDSJCFRVFiFOFMDBTPEFMPTUSBUBEPTZPUSPTJOTUSVNFOUPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTFBQMJDBSOMPTQSJODJQJPTQSPTFSIVNBOPOPSFTUSJDDJOEFEFSFDIPTEFBQMJDBCJMJEBEEJSFDUBZEFDMVTVMBBCJFSUBFTUBCMFDJEPTFOMB$POTUJUVDJOw-Breforma
constitucional de Mxico de 2011,
FOFMBSUDVMPJODJTPTZEFMB$POTUJUVDJOQSFDJTBi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w-BConstitucin
de Repblica Dominicana de
2010,FOTVBSUDVMPOVNFSBMEFUFSNJOBi-PTQPEFSFTQCMJDPTJOUFSQSFUBOZBQMJDBOMBTOPSNBUJWBTSFMBUJWBTBMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTZTVTHBSBOUBTFOFMTFOUJEPNBT
-
528 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
TPOMBinterpretacin conforme con el derecho internacional de los
derechos humanosFMprincipio de progresividadFMprincipio pro homine
Pfavor
personaFOUSFPUSBTSFHMBTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTMPRVFPUPSHBEJSFDUSJDFTQSFDJTBTZTFHVSBTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOBMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFMBNBUFSJBBVODVBOEPFMMBTPQFSBODPNPFMFNFOUPTCTJDPTEFUPEBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTJODMVTPBMOPFODPOUSBSTFQPTJUJWBEBTFOFMUFYUPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMSFTQFDUJWPQPSMBOFDFTBSJBBQMJDBDJOEFMBSUDVMPEFMB$"%)RVFFOUPEPTMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTJOUFHSBFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPZFTEFQSFGFSFOUFBQMJDBDJOQPSTPCSFMBTGVFOUFTGPSNBMFTHFOFSBEBTJOUFSOBNFOUF
&MDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEFCFODPODSFUBSMPDBEBVOPZUPEPTMPTKVFDFTDVBOEPMPTPMJDJUFOMBTQBSUFT1FSPTJFMMBTOPMPEFNBOEBODPOTUJUVZFVOEFCFSEFMKVF[BQMJDBSFMcontrol
de convencionalidad ex officiowDPNPTFFYQMJDJUBFOFMDBTPTrabajadores
Cesa-dos del Congreso (Aguado Alfaro y otros) vs. Per.
&TUBMOFBKVSJTQSVEFODJBMTFNBOUJFOFVOJGPSNFNFOUFIBTUBMBBDUVBMJEBE
-B$*%)FOUJFOEFRVFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTDPOPDFOZEFCFOBQMJDBSFMEFSFDIPDPOWFODJPOBMiura
novit
curia,42QPSTFSOPTMPEFSFDIPJOUFSOBDJPOBMSBUJDBEPZWJHFOUFEFBQMJDBDJOQSFGFSFOUFTJOPUBNCJOEFSFDIPJOUFSOP1PSUBOUPDBEBWF[RVFVOKVF[EFOUSPEFTVTDPNQFUFODJBTZEFBDVFSEPBMPTQSPDFEJNJFOUPTFTUBCMFDJEPTEFKBEFBQMJDBSFMEFSFDIPDPOWFODJPOBMRVFBTFHVSBMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTEBMVHBSBVOBDUPSSJUPRVFDBSFDFEFWBMPSKVSEJDPTJFOEPVOBDUPDPOUSBSJPBEFSFDIPRVFWVMOFSBEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZHFOFSBSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFM&TUBEPFODVBOUPFMKVF[FTVOBHFOUFEFMNJTNP&TUBEPFTFM&TUBEPKVF[TJFMMPOPTFDPSSJHFFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPBOUFTEFMMFHBSBMTJTUFNBJOUFSBNFSJDBOP
&OFTUBUBSFBEFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEMPTKVFDFTEFCFOUFOFSFODPOTJEFSBDJOMBOPSNBKVSEJDBQPTJUJWBRVFTFFODVFOUSBFOFMUSBUBEPZUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOBVUOUJDBRVFIBFTUBCMFDJEPMB$*%)FOFMNCJUPEFTVDPNQFUFODJBEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOZBQMJDBDJOEFMB$POWFODJOFODVBOUPJOUSQSFUFMUJNPEFMPTEFSFDIPTBTFHVSBEPTZHBSBOUJ[BEPTFOMB$POWFODJO43TFHOMPEJTQVFTUPFOFMMBNJTNBDPNPMPEFUFSNJOBMB$*%)EFTEFFMcaso
Almonacid Arellano vs.
Chile.-B$PSUFFOUJFOEFRVFTVKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFCFTFSWJSEFCBTFQBSBMBBQMJDBDJOEFMB$"%)"TMPFTUBCMFDFDMBSBNFOUFFO
GBWPSBCMFBMBQFSTPOBUJUVMBSEFMPTNJTNPTZFODBTPEFDPOJDUPFOUSFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTQSPDVSBSOBSNPOJ[BSMPTCJFOFTFJOUFSFTFTQSPUFHJEPTQPSFTUB$POTUJUVDJOw-B$POTUJUVDJOEFM1FSEFFOTVEJTQPTJDJODVBSUBUSBOTJUPSJBEJTQPOFi-BTOPSNBTSFMBUJWBTBMPTEFSFDIPTZBMBTMJCFSUBEFTRVFMB$POTUJUVDJOSFDPOPDFTFJOUFSQSFUBOEFDPOGPSNJEBEDPOMB%FDMBSBDJO6OJWFSTBMEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTZDPOMPTUSBUBEPTZBDVFSEPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFMBTNJTNBTNBUFSJBTSBUJDBEPTQPSFM1FSw-B$POTUJUVDJOEF7FOF[VFMBEFFOTVBSUDVMPEFUFSNJOBi-PTUSBUBEPTQBDUPTZDPOWFODJPOFTSFMBUJWPTBEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTVTDSJUPTZSBUJDBEPTQPS7FOF[VFMBUJFOFOKFSBSRVBDPOTUJUVDJPOBMZQSFWBMFDFOFOFMPSEFOJOUFSOPFOMBNFEJEBFORVFDPOUFOHBOOPSNBTTPCSFTVHPDFZFKFSDJDJPNTGBWPSBCMFTBMBTFTUBCMFDJEBTQPSFTUB$POTUJUVDJOZMBMFZEFMB3FQCMJDBZTPOEFBQMJDBDJOJONFEJBUBZEJSFDUBQPSMPTUSJCVOBMFTZEFNTSHBOPTEFM1PEFS1CMJDPw
42
&MKVF[EJTQPOFEFMBGBDVMUBEZFMEFCFSEFBQMJDBSMBTEJTQPTJDJPOFTDPOWFODJPOBMFTFOFMMJUJHJPBVODVBOEPMBTQBSUFTOPMBTJOWPRVFO
43 4PCSFFTUFBTQFDUPWFSBSUDVMPTZEFMB$"%)
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 529
EJWFSTBTPUSBTTFOUFODJBTFOUSFFMMBTBoyce y otros vs.
BarbadosDVBOEPEFUFSNJOBRVFMPTKVFDFTEFCFOiyUFOFSFODVFOUBOPTPMBNFOUFFMUSBUBEPTJOPUBNCJOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFEFMNJTNPIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBJOUSQSFUFMUJNBEFMB$POWFODJOw44"TMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOGPSNVMBEBQPSMB$*%)EFCFFOUFOEFSTFJODPSQPSBEBBMBOPSNBJOUFSQSFUBEBNJFOUSBTFMMBOPDBNCJFEFQPTJDJOEFMBNJTNBNBOFSBDPNPTFFOUJFOEFPQFSBUJWBMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBPEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMSFTQFDUPEFMBOPSNBDPOTUJUVDJPOBMJOUFSQSFUBEBFOBRVFMMPTDBTPTFORVFEJDIBJOUFSQSFUBDJOFTWJODVMBOUF
/PQPEFNPTTJOPDPODPSEBSDPO'FSSFS.BD(SFHPSFOTVWPUPSB[POBEPFOMBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDBTPCabrera
Garca y Montiel Flores vs.
MxicoDVBOEPBSNBRVFiMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$PSUF*%)BERVJFSFAFDBDJBEJSFDUBFOUPEPTMPT&TUBEPTOBDJPOBMFTRVFIBOSFDPOPDJEPFYQSFTBNFOUFTVKVSJTEJDDJODPOJOEFQFOEFODJBEFRVFEFSJWFEFVOBTVOUPEPOEFOPIBOQBSUJDJQBEPGPSNBMNFOUFDPNPAQBSUFNBUFSJBM-PBOUFSJPSEFCJEPBMPTFGFDUPTEFMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMJOUFSQSFUBEBRVFQSPEVDFAFGFDUPTFYQBOTJWPTEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBDPOWFODJPOBMZOPTMPFDBDJBTVCKFUJWBQBSBMBUVUFMBEFMEFSFDIPZMJCFSUBEFOVODBTPQBSUJDVMBSTPNFUJEPBTVDPNQFUFODJBw45
&MDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJNQMJDBRVFUPEPTMPTKVFDFTEFMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMB$POWFODJOFODVBOUPFYQSFTJOEFM&TUBEPKVF[TFFODVFOUSBOWJODVMBEPTQPSTUBDPNPBTJNJTNPQPSMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFIBIFDIPMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTEFMNFODJPOBEPJOTUSVNFOUP&MMPJNQMJDBRVFMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMTJTUFNBEFCFOBTVNJSNTBMMEFM&TUBEPFTQFDDPEJSFDUBNFOUFPCMJHBEPQPSMBSFTQFDUJWBTFOUFODJBEFBDVFSEPBMBSUDVMPOVNFSBMEFMB$"%)MBratio
decidendiPholdingEFMBTFOUFODJBFODVBOUPJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEJHOBZBVUOUJDBEFMB$POWFODJOFNBOBEBEFTVJOUSQSFUFOBM&TUPDPOTUJUVZFVOBQPSUFKVSJTQSVEFODJBMEFMB$*%)BMEFTBSSPMMPEFMTJTUFNBJOUFSBNFSJDBOPMPRVFBMHVOPTBVUPSFTIBOMMBNBEPiJOUFSQSFUBDJONVUBUJWBQPSBEJDJOw461BSBGBDJMJUBSMBFDBDJBHFOFSBMcon
efectos de norma interpretada, que tienen los fallos de la
CIDHMB$"%)FOTVBSUDVMPFTUBCMFDFRVFFMGBMMPBEFNTEFOPUJDBSTFBM&TUBEPQBSUFPCKFUPEFMBDPOUSPWFSTJBEFCFUBNCJOTFSiUSBOTNJUJEPBMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFEFMB$POWFODJOwDPOFMPCKFUPEFRVFUFOHBOVODPOPDJNJFOUPBDBCBEPEFMCMPRVFDPOWFODJPOBMJOUFSQSFUBEPQPSMB$*%)DPNPJOUSQSFUFOBMEFMcorpus
jurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOP
&OFTUFQMBOPFTOFDFTBSJPQSFDJTBSRVFFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBERVFFYJHFMB$*%)RVFSFBMJDFOMPTUSJCVOBMFTEPNTUJDPTFTFMRVFdebeFKFSDFSUPEPKVF[EFVO
44 $PSUF*%)Caso Boyce y otros vs. BarbadosQSSBGPAlmonacid
Arellano y otros vs. ChileQSSBGP
45 &EVBSEP'FSSFS.BD(SFHPS7PUPSB[POBEPFOFMDBTP Cabrera Garca
y Montiel Flores vs.
Mxico,FYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGP
46
7BMFOUOVSZ$PSOFKPi-BSFWJTJOEFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEEJGVTPZMBJEFOUJEBEJOTUJUVDJPOBMEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBwEPDVNFOUPJOEJUPQSFTFOUBEPBMBT+PSOBEBT"SHFOUJOP$IJMFOP1FSVBOP6SVHVBZBTEF"TPDJBDJPOFTEF%FSFDIP$POTUJUVDJPOBM.POUFWJEFP6SVHVBZPDUVCSFEFQ
-
530 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
&TUBEPQBSUFaplicando como estndar mnimo los derechos y
garantas contenidos en los derechos asegurados por la
CADHMPRVFDPOTUJUVZFVOcontrol diferente y distinto del control de
constitucionalidad
$PODPSEBNPTDPO-VDDIFUUJDVBOEPTUFEFTUBDBMBMBCPSEFMKVF[FOMBQSPUFDDJOZHBSBOUBEFMPTEFSFDIPTDPOWFODJPOBMFTFKFSDJFOEPEFPDJPFMDPOUSPMKVEJDJBMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEiZQBSBDVNQMJSDPOFTUFNBOEBUPFMKVF[EFM&TUBEPQBSUFEFCFBHVEJ[BS
BMNYJNPTVJNBHJOBDJODPOFMQSPQTJUPEFFODPOUSBSFMPMPTDBNJOPTBUBMFTOFTUPNBOEPDPNPQVOUPEFQBSUJEBMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOZBEBEBBFTPTEFSFDIPTZHBSBOUBTQPSMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBZEFNTFTUEFDJSRVFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMPTKVFDFTEFVO&TUBEPQBSUFEFCFFTUBSFOFTUSJDUBDPOTPOBODJBDPOMPQSFTDSJUPFOFMBSUDVMPEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBw47
&OFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJOUFSOPTFDPODSFUBVOBFTQFDJFEFDPNVOJDBDJOJOUFSKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFOUSFMB$*%)ZMPTUSJCVOBMFTOBDJPOBMFTEFUPEPPSEFO48VOBJOUFSBDDJORVFUJFOFVODBSDUFSNTCJFOWFSUJDBMQPSMBQPTJDJOEFDPOUSPMOBMRVFEFTBSSPMMBMB$PSUFSFTQFDUPEFMBBQMJDBDJOEFMPTEFSFDIPTFGFDUVBEBQPSMBTKVSJTEJDDJPOFTEPNTUJDBT
-B$*%)CVTDBRVFMPTUSJCVOBMFTEPNTUJDPTJNQMFNFOUFOMBEPDUSJOBEFMTFHVJNJFOUPEFTVKVSJTQSVEFODJBDPOFTDBTPNBSHFOEFBQSFDJBDJOQBSBMPTUSJCVOBMFTOBDJPOBMFT&MVTPRVFFMMBIBDFEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMPTUSJCVOBMFTEPNTUJDPTFOTVTTFOUFODJBTFTMBEFEFTUBDBSMPTGBMMPTOBDJPOBMFTRVFDVNQMFODPOMPTFTUOEBSFTEFOJEPTQPSFMMBDPNPMPFYQMJDJUBFOFMDBTPGelman
vs.
UruguaySFTQFDUPEFMPTGBMMPTEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEFM6SVHVBZTPCSFMB-FZEFDBEVDJEBEEFMBQSFUFOTJOQVOJUJWBEFM&TUBEPDPNPMPTGBMMPTEFPUSPTUSJCVOBMFTMBUJOPBNFSJDBOPTTPCSFMBNJTNBNBUFSJB49
"TVWF[QVFEFTFBMBSTFRVFMBMOFBKVSJTQSVEFODJBMEFMB$*%)KVOUPDPOSFTPMWFSMPTDBTPTDPODSFUPTEFWJPMBDJOEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTIBDPOUSJCVJEPBRVFMPT&TUBEPTJOOPWFOFMPSEFOBNJFOUPKVSEJDPSFUJSBOEPOPSNBUJWBTJODPOWFODJPOBMFTDPNPBTJNJTNPQPTJCJMJUBOEPNFKPSBSDPNPTFBMB"CSBNPWJDIiMBTDPOEJDJPOFTFTUSVDUVSBMFTRVFHBSBOUJ[BOMBFGFDUJWJEBEEFMPTEFSFDIPTBOJWFMOBDJPOBMw50
47
"MCFSUP-VDDIFUUJi-PTKVFDFTZBMHVOPTDBNJOPTEFMDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEwFO4VTBOB"MCBOFTFDPPSEEl
control de convencionalidad, #VFOPT"JSFT&EJBSQ
48
7FSWPUPDPODVSSFOUFEF&EVBSEP'FSSFS.BD(SFHPSFOMBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDBTP
Cabrera Garca y Montiel Flores vs.
Mxico,FYDFQDJOQSFMJNJOBSGPOEPSFQBSBDJPOFTZDPTUBTTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTFSJF$OoQSSBGPWFSUBNCJO%JFHP(BSDB4BZOi6OBWJWBJOUFSBDDJO$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBZ5SJCVOBMFT*OUFSOPTwFOLa
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: un cuarto de siglo:
1979-20044BO+PT$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTQQ
49 $PSUF*%)Caso Gelman vs. Uruguay,
GPOEPZSFQBSBDJPOFTTFOUFODJBEFEFGFCSFSPEFTFSJF$OQSSBGP
50
7DUPS"CSBNPWJDIi%FMBTWJPMBDJPOFTNBTJWBTBMPTQBUSPOFTFTUSVDUVSBMFTFMOVFWPFOGPRVFZDMTJDBTUFOTJPOFTFOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTFOSur-Revista
Internacio-nal de Derechos
HumanosWPMOQXXXSFWJTUBTVSPSHIUUQXXXTVSKPVSOBMPSHFTQDPOUFVEPTHFU"SUJHPQIQ
BSUJHPBSUJHP@IUN
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 531
&MEFTBSSPMMPEFFTUFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEJOUFSOPFYJHFVOFTGVFS[PEFDBQBDJUBDJOFOFMBEFDVBEPDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBQPSQBSUFEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTEFUPEPTMPTOJWFMFTKFSBSRVBZNBUFSJBBMJHVBMRVFVODJFSUPNBOFKPEFMBEJONJDBEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBDPOWFODJPOBM
3. El dilogo ascendente de los tribunales nacionales con la
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
"TVNJFOEPFMcorpus
iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPZMPTNUPEPTJOUFSQSFUBUJWPTEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTFQVFEFOFTUBCMFDFSMBTCBTFTEFVOEJMPHPEPOEFFMKVF[JOUFSOPUJFOFEJWFSTBTPQDJPOFTFOUSFMBTDVBMFTFMFHJSQBSBDPODSFUBSFTUFEJMPHPDPOMB$*%)QPSNFEJPEFTVTSFTPMVDJPOFTKVEJDJBMFTRVFSFTVFMWFOMJUJHJPTRVFQPESOPOPMMFHBSB4BO+PTEF$PTUB3JDB
&OFTUFEJMPHPJOUFSKVSJTEJDDJPOBMBQBSUJSEFMBKVEJDBUVSBPSEJOBSJBPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMJOUFSOBEFM&TUBEPQBSUFDPOMB$*%)FMKVF[OBDJPOBMQVFEFEFTBSSPMMBSEJWFSTBTIJQUFTJTJOUFSQSFUBUJWBTBTBCFS51BMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOFYUFOTJWBCMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOJOOPWBEPSBDMBJOUFSQSFUBDJODPSSFDUJWBEMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOSFDFQUJWBFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOOFVUSBMJ[BEPSBZGMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEJTDPSEBOUF
3.1. La interpretacin extensiva
&MKVF[OBDJPOBMQVFEFEFTBSSPMMBSVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOFYUFOTJWBRVFQVFEFMMFWBSMPNTBMMEFMPTBMDBODFTEFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFTBSSPMMBEBQPSMB$*%)&MKVF[OBDJPOBMQVFEFBTVNJSBTVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMB$POWFODJORVFGBWPSFDFVOBBNQMJBDJOEFMDBNQPEFBQMJDBDJOEFMEFSFDIPHBSBOUJ[BEPZFODPOTFDVFODJBTPNFUJFOEPBMSFTQFUPEFFTUFEFSFDIPTJUVBDJPOFTRVFIBOTJEPBOBMJ[BEBTDPOVOBMDBODFNFOPSIBTUBFMQSFTFOUFQPSMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)FOBQMJDBDJOEFMcorpus
iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOP52
4FDPODSFUBBTVOJOUFSDBNCJPCJMBUFSBMPNVMUJMBUFSBMNFEJBOUFVOPPNTUSJCVOBMFTOBDJPOBMFTPSEJOBSJPTPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTFOFMFOUSFMB[BNJFOUPEFQSPQTJUPTFOVONJTNPDPMPRVJPRVFSFQPTBTPCSFVOSFGPS[BNJFOUPEFDBEBVOPEFMPTUSJCVOBMFTQBSUJDJQBOUFTEFMPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMB$POWFODJOZMB$*%)FOTVDPOWJDDJOEFDPOTUSVJSTPMVDJPOFTNFEJBOUFVOFTGVFS[PDPNOEJBMPHBEPEFGPSUBMFDJNJFOUPEFMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFT-BTTPMVDJPOFTJOOPWBEPSBTEFMBKVEJDBUVSBOBDJPOBMQPESOJOVJSFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBGVUVSBEFMB$*%)QBSBMPRVFEFCFSFTQFSBSTFRVFFMKVF[
51 7FS'SESJD4VESFi"WBOUQSPQPTwFO77""Le dialogue des
juges,.POUQFMMJFS*OTUJUVUEF%SPJUEFT%SPJUTEF-)PNNF$BIJFSTEF-*%&%)O6OJWFSTJUEF.POUQFMMJFS*'BDVMUEF%SPJUQQ
52
&OVOTFOUJEPTJNJMBSQBSBFMTJTUFNBFVSPQFPWFS.BEFMFJOF$PMPNCJOFi-BOUJDJQBUJPO.BOJGFTUBUJPOEVOEJBMPHVFAWSBJFOUSFKVHFOBDJPOBMFUKVHFFVSPQFO
wFO77""Le dialogue des
juges,.POUQFMMJFS*OTUJUVUEF%SPJUEFT%SPJUTEFM-)PNNF$BIJFSTEF-*%&%)O6OJWFSTJUEF.POUQFMMJFS*'BDVMUEF%SPJUQ
-
532 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
JOUFSBNFSJDBOPDPOP[DBVODBTPTJNJMBSBMSFTVFMUPFOMPTQMBOPTOBDJPOBMFTQPSMPRVFFMEJMPHPNJFOUSBTFMMPOPPDVSSBTFSTMPVOEJMPHPQPUFODJBM4JMB$*%)DPOTJEFSBMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBOBDJPOBMFOVODBTPRVFFMMBDPOPDFQPTUFSJPSNFOUFFMEJMPHPTFSFOUPODFTFGFDUJWPTFBBQSPCBUPSJPPSFQSPCBUPSJPEFMBBDUVBDJOEFMBKVEJDBUVSBOBDJPOBM
3.2. La interpretacin innovadora
&MKVF[OBDJPOBMNFEJBOUFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJOJOOPWBEPSBQVFEFBCPSEBSBMHVOPTEFSFDIPTDPOUFOJEPTFOMB$"%)TPCSFMPTDVBMFTMB$*%)QVFEFOPIBCFSFNJUJEPQSPOVODJBNJFOUPTIBTUBFMQSFTFOUF&OUBMIJQUFTJTFMKVF[OBDJPOBMTFFOGSFOUBBQSPCMFNBTFOMPTRVFEFCFSDSFBSVOBTPMVDJOKVSJTQSVEFODJBMJOEJUBDPOTJEFSBOEPFMcorpus
iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPFOMPTRVFQVFEFMJCFSBSTFEFMBTFSWJEVNCSFEFMBMFZOBDJPOBMSFBMJ[BOEPVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMJOEJUBDPOMBDVBMGSBORVFBFMEFSFDIPMFHJTMBEPJOUFSOPZBCSFMBWBBMEJMPHPDPOFMKVF[EFMB$*%)BUSBWTEFVOEJMPHPBTDFOEFOUFFMDVBMRVFEBTVTQFOEJEPIBTUBRVFMB$*%)DPOPDJFOEPEFVODBTPBOMPHPDPOSNFPSFWJFSUBMBEFDJTJOBEPQUBEBQPSFMKVF[OBDJPOBM
-BFNBODJQBDJOJOUFSQSFUBUJWBEFMKVF[OBDJPOBMMMFHBBTVNYJNBFYQSFTJODVBOEPTUFJOOPWBDVBOEPDPOGSPOUBEPBMTJMFODJPEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)DFOTVSBVOBOPSNBOBDJPOBMCBKPFMGVOEBNFOUPEJSFDUPEFMB$"%)FTUBCMFDJFOEPVOBEFDJTJOGVOEBEBTPCSFVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFMQSPQPOFEFMB$POWFODJO"TFMKVF[OBDJPOBMJOJDJBVOEJMPHPDPOFMKVF[JOUFSBNFSJDBOPRVFQVFEFTFSQPUFODJBMPFGFDUJWPDPOMB$*%)
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
"USBWTEFMBJOUFSQSFUBDJODPOWFODJPOBMRVFSFBMJ[BFMKVF[OBDJPOBMPSEJOBSJPPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMTUFQVFEFFOTVJOUFSQSFUBDJOPUPSHBSVOBMDBODFNTBNQMJPBMPTBUSJCVUPTRVFJOUFHSBOVOEFSFDIPHBSBOUJ[BEPPEFUFSNJOBSDPONBZPSQSFDJTJOFMBMDBODFEFVOBMJNJUBDJOSFTUSJDUJWBEFVOEFSFDIPGVOEBNFOUBMDPNPUBNCJOJODPSQPSBSNUPEPTZFOGPRVFTJOUFSQSFUBUJWPTDPOGVOEBNFOUPFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT
&OMBIJQUFTJTBOUFTTFBMBEBFMKVF[OBDJPOBMTFFOGSFOUBBQSPCMFNBTFOMPTRVFEFCFSDSFBSVOBTPMVDJOKVSJTQSVEFODJBMJOEJUBDPOTJEFSBOEPFMcorpus
iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPFOMPTRVFQVFEFMJCFSBSTFEFMBTFSWJEVNCSFEFMBMFZOBDJPOBMSFBMJ[BOEP
53
7FSTFOUFODJBTEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMDIJMFOPFOUSFFMMBTMBTTFOUFODJBTSPMOEFZSPMOEF
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 533
VOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMJOEJUBDPOMBDVBMGSBORVFBFMEFSFDIPMFHJTMBEPJOUFSOPZBCSFMBWBBMEJMPHPDPOFMKVF[EFMB$*%)BUSBWTEFVOEJMPHPBTDFOEFOUFFMDVBMRVFEBTVTQFOEJEPIBTUBRVFMB$PSUFBMDPOPDFSEFVODBTPBOMPHPDPOSNFPSFWJFSUBMBEFDJTJOBEPQUBEBQPSFMKVF[OBDJPOBM
-BFNBODJQBDJOJOUFSQSFUBUJWBEFMKVF[OBDJPOBMMMFHBBTVNYJNBFYQSFTJODVBOEPTUFJOOPWBDVBOEPDPOGSPOUBEPBMTJMFODJPEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)DFOTVSBVOBOPSNBOBDJPOBMBQMJDBOEPQSFGFSFOUFNFOUFFMcorpus
iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPCBKPFMGVOEBNFOUPEJSFDUPEFMB$"%)FTUBCMFDJFOEPVOBEFDJTJOGVOEBEBTPCSFVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFMQSPQPOFEFFTUFMUJNP"TFMKVF[OBDJPOBMJOJDJBVOEJMPHPDPOFMKVF[JOUFSBNFSJDBOPRVFQVFEFTFSQPUFODJBMPFGFDUJWPDPOMB$*%)4FSQPUFODJBMTJTUBOPDPOPDFOVODBEFMDBTPZTFSFGFDUJWPTJFMMBMMFHBBDPOPDFSEFEJDIPDBTPPBTVNFEJDIBTPMVDJOFOPUSPDBTP
3.3. La interpretacin correctiva o receptiva
-Binterpretacin
correctivaFTBRVFMMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTRVFTBDBMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTEFVOBDPOEFOBQPSMB$*%)EFM&TUBEPQBSUFMPRVFHFOFSBVODBNCJPFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBOBDJPOBMQSBDUJDBOEPVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJODPOGPSNFBMEFSFDIPDPOWFODJPOBM
.TBMMEFMBWPMVOUBERVFEFCFNPTQSFTVNJSEFCVFOBGFRVFUJFOFOMPTKVFDFTEFBTFHVSBSFDB[NFOUFFMFKFSDJDJPEFMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTFMBMJOFBNJFOUPEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBDPOTUJUVZFVOBHBSBOUBEFFWJUBSUBOUPDPNPTFBQPTJCMFVOBDPOEFOBEFMB$*%)QPSEFTBSSPMMBSFMKVF[OBDJPOBMVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFOPBMDBO[BFMFTUOEBSNOJNPFYJHJEPQPSFMMB&TUBFTMBDPOEVDUBFTQFSBEBEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTFOWJSUVEEFMNBOEBUPJNQFSBUJWPEFMBSUDVMPJODJTPEFMB$POTUJUVDJOZFMDVNQMJNJFOUPQSFWBMFOUFEFMPTBSUDVMPTZEFMB$"%)BEFNTEFMBTOPSNBTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTDPOUFOJEBTFOFMMBFOTVBSUDVMPBTVNJFOEPFMQSJODJQJPJOUFSQSFUBUJWPpro
hominePiGBWPSQFSTPOBwRVFFTMBDMBWFCTJDBEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOFONBUFSJBEFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFT
-BSFTQVFTUBEFMPTUSJCVOBMFTPSEJOBSJPTDIJMFOPTIBTJEPBQMJDBSFMFTUOEBSNOJNPKBEPQPSMB$*%)EFTQVTEFMBTFOUFODJBEFLa
ltima tentacin de
Cristo,OPBQMJDBOEPNTDFOTVSBKVEJDJBMQSFWJBBUSBWTEFNFEJEBTDBVUFMBSFTPTFOUFODJBTFONBUFSJBEFMJCFSUBEEFFYQSFTJOBEFNTEFMBDBUBNJFOUPEFM&TUBEPFOFMDBTPFTQFDDPNPEJDBOEPFMJODJTPOBMEFMBSUDVMPOEFMB$POTUJUVDJO
&MMPTFSFQJUFFOFMDBTPAlmonacid Arellano vs.
Chile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
-
534 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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
"TFMKVF[OBDJPOBMEFDVBMRVJFSKVSJTEJDDJOPJOTUBODJBDVBOEPEFCFDPOPDFSEFVOMJUJHJPPHFTUJOKVEJDJBMFOMBDVBMVOBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)IBEFUFSNJOBEPRVFMBMFZJOUFSOBWJPMBMB$POWFODJOZMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTFFODVFOUSBFOGSFOUBEPBVOBEFDJTJOMBEFBQMJDBSQSFGFSFOUFNFOUFFMEFSFDIPIVNBOPZMB$POWFODJOFOWJSUVEEFMBTPCMJHBDJPOFTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFTEFMBSUDVMPJODJTPZFMBSUDVMPOJODJTPEFMB$POTUJUVDJOFOBSNPOBDPOMPTBSUDVMPTZEFMB$POWFODJO"NFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTTJHVJFOEPMPTFTUOEBSFTNOJNPTFYJHJEPTQPSMB$*%)PEFTBBSBTUBZBMQSPQJPEFSFDIPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMDIJMFOPBQMJDBOEPMBMFZOBDJPOBMRVFTFFODVFOUSBQPSEFCBKPEFMPTFTUOEBSFTNOJNPTEFMcorpus
iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPZRVFFMMFHJTMBEPSBOOPIBNPEJDBEPTBCJFOEPEFBOUFNBOPRVFFMMPBSSJFTHBVOBDPOEFOBEFM&TUBEPDIJMFOPQPSWVMOFSBDJOEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTFOWJSUVEEFMBBDUVBDJOEFM&TUBEPKVF[
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
3.4. La interpretacin receptiva
-Binterpretacin
receptivaEFMPTKVFDFTOBDJPOBMFTFTBRVFMMBRVFTFDPOGPSNBBMBratio
decidendiEFMBTTFOUFODJBTEFDPOEFOBEFPUSPT&TUBEPTQBSUFTEFMB$"%)QPSWJPMBDJOEFTUBUPNBOEPMBJOJDJBUJWBEFDBNCJBSTVQSPQJBKVSJTQSVEFODJBTJOFTQFSBSRVFFM&TUBEPQBSUFTFBDPOEFOBEPQPSWJPMBDJOEFMcorpus
iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPQBSBIBDFSMPDPNPBTJNJTNPBNQMJBOEPMPTBUSJCVUPTZHBSBOUBTEFMPTEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTDPOCBTFFOMPTFTUOEBSFTNOJNPTKBEPTQPSMB$*%)EFKBOEPBTTVIVFMMBTPCSFFM
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 535
EFSFDIPJOUFSOPDPNQMFUOEPMPPBQMJDBOEPQSFGFSFOUFNFOUFFMEFSFDIPDPOWFODJPOBMTPSUFBOEPMBTTJUVBDJPOFTEFJODPOWFODJPOBMJEBEPFTUBCMFDJFOEPFTUOEBSFTEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOEFEFSFDIPTOPDPOUFOJEPTFYQMDJUBNFOUFFOFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPDPNPFMQSJODJQJPGBWPSQFSTPOBPFMQSJODJQJPEFQSPHSFTJWJEBEFMEFSB[POBCJMJEBEZEFQSPQPSDJPOBMJEBEFOUSFNVDIPTPUSPT
1VFEFTFBMBSTFRVFFTUFFTFMDBNJOPEFTBSSPMMBEPQPSFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMDIJMFOPDVBOEPBQMJDBFMQSJODJQJPpro
hominePGBWPSQFSTPOBEFTBSSPMMBEPQPSMBPQJOJODPOTVMUJWBOEFMB$*%)FOBQMJDBDJOEFMBSUDVMPEFMB$"%)FOMBTFOUFODJBTVTFOUFODJBTPCSFMB-&(&EF
i2VFQPSPUSBQBSUFFOFMFKFSDJDJPEFTVTGVODJPOFTFTUF5SJCVOBMEFCFCVTDBSBRVFMMBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFTFBWFOHBNFKPSDPOFMSFTQFUPEFMPTEFSFDIPTDPOTUJUVDJPOBMFT"TMPIBTPTUFOJEPi&OUBMTFOUJEPQBSFDFJOFMVEJCMFUFOFSQSFTFOUFFMQSJODJQJPAQSPIPNJOFPAGBWPSMJCFSUBUJTEFOJEPFOMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTEFMBTJHVJFOUFGPSNBA&OUSFEJWFSTBTPQDJPOFTTFIBEFFTDPHFSMBRVFSFTUSJOHFFONFOPSFTDBMBFMEFSFDIPQSPUFHJEPEFCFQSFWBMFDFSMBOPSNBNTGBWPSBCMFBMBQFSTPOBIVNBOBw0QJOJO$POTVMUJWBSPMw54
&OTFOUFODJBSPMOEFEFPDUVCSFEFFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMVUJMJ[OVFWBNFOUFFMQPTUVMBEPEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOGBWPSQFSTPOBpro
homine
BQMJDOEPMPFONBUFSJBEFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTFOTVDPOTJEFSBOEP&OTFOUFODJBEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMSPMOEFEFOPWJFNCSFEFTPCSFBQMJDBCJMJEBEEFMBSUDVMPEFM$EJHP$JWJMFMWPUPDPODVSSFOUFEFMPTNJOJTUSPT$BSNPOB'FSOOEF['SFEFT(BSDBZ7JFSB(BMMPBQMJDBel
principio favor homine y favor
libertatisBMSFGFSJSTFBMBTOPSNBTDPOWFODJPOBMFTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTEFM1*%$1ZMB$"%)TPCSFFMEFSFDIPBDPOUSBFSNBUSJNPOJP
&M5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMFOFMSPMOEFTPCSFFMDBTPEFJODPOTUJUVDJPOBMJEBEEFMNPWJNJFOUP1BUSJB/VFWB4PDJFEBEBTVNJMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDPOTJEFSBOEPRVFDPOTJEFSBMBMJCFSUBEEFFYQSFTJODPNPiVONFEJPQBSBFMJOUFSDBNCJPEFJEFBTFJOGPSNBDJPOFTFOUSFMBTQFSTPOBTQPSMPRVFDPNQSFOEFBEFNTEFMEFSFDIPBDPNVOJDBSFMEFSFDIPBDPOPDFSPQJOJPOFTSFMBUPTZOPUJDJBTTFBMBOEPRVFFMEFSFDIPBDPOPDFSMBJOGPSNBDJOZPQJOJOBKFOBUJFOFUBOUBJNQPSUBODJBDPNPFMEFSFDIPBEJGVOEJSMBQSPQJBwJOWPDBOEPBUBMFGFDUPMBTFOUFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDBTPPalamara
Iribarne vs. Chile, FOTVTFOUFODJBEFEFOPWJFNCSFEF
&M5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMEFUFSNJOBSRVFDPOGPSNFBMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)ZFM5&%)OPQVFEFMJNJUBSTFMBFYQSFTJOEFJEFBTiBVORVFJSSJUFOBMBSNFOTPSQSFOEBOPJORVJFUFOBMBTBVUPSJEBEFTDPNPMPIBOTFBMBEPFM5SJCVOBM&VSPQFPEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT1BSUJ$PNNVOJTUF6OJEF5VSRVJFFUBVUSFD5VSRVJFQZ3FGBI1BSUJTJFUBVUSFTD5VSRVJFQw
-VFHPFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMFOFMDPOTJEFSBOEPEFMBTFOUFODJBSFSJOEPTFBMBTOPSNBTRVFTBODJPOFOMBBQPMPHBEFMPEJPBTVNJFOEPUBNCJOMPTFTUOEBSFT
54
4FOUFODJBEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMSPMOEFEFNBZPEFDPOTJEFSBOEP
-
536 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
EFMB$*%)KBEPTFOMBTFOUFODJBCastillo Petruzzi y otros vs.
Per,QSFDJTiRVFFOMBFMBCPSBDJOEFMPTUJQPTQFOBMFTFTQSFDJTPVUJMJ[BSUSNJOPTFTUSJDUPTZVOWPDPTRVFBDPUFODMBSBNFOUFMBTDPOEVDUBTQVOJCMFTEBOEPQMFOPTFOUJEPBMQSJODJQJPEFMFHBMJEBEQFOBMwDBTPCastillo
Petruzzi y
otros,Q"HSFHRVFMBBNCJHFEBEEFMBMFZQPESBiBCSJSFMDBNJOPBUPEBTVFSUFEFBSCJUSBSJFEBEFTQPSQBSUFEFMBBVUPSJEBEQVFTUBMDPNPIBSB[POBEPFTUF5SJCVOBMAUPEPTMPTDPODFQUPTRVFFNQMFBMBMFZDPOMBFYDFQDJOEFMBTDJGSBTGFDIBTNFEJEBTZTJNJMBSFTBENJUFOFONBZPSPNFOPSNFEJEBWBSJPTTJHOJDBEPTwDPOTJEFSBOEP"TFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMSFBMJ[BVOBinterpretacin
receptivaEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)NFEJBOUFMBasimilacin de la ratio
decidendiEFMBTFOUFODJBEFMDBTPCastillo Petruzzi y otros vs. Per.
1PSTVQBSUFMB4BMB1FOBMEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBIBEFTBSSPMMBEPVOBMOFBCBTUBOUFDPOTJTUFOUFEFSFDFQDJOEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)FOFMDBTP
Almonacid Arellano vs.
ChileEFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEFBQBSUJSEFEJDJFNCSFEFRVFTFJOBVHVSBDPOMBTTFOUFODJBTEFMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJB4BMB1FOBMSPMOEFMEFEJDJFNCSFEFZSPMOEFMEFNBS[PEF
$POTUJUVZFVOBTFOUFODJBNPEMJDBFOMBNJTNBQFSTQFDUJWBMBEFTBSSPMMBEBQPSMB$PSUFEF"QFMBDJPOFTEF3BODBHVBEFMEFFOFSPEFSPMOFOFMDBTPAlmonacid
Arellano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
MQSPQJP&TUBEPRVJFOTFIBPCMJHBEPBFMMPBMSBUJDBSUBOUPMB$POWFODJO*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTDPNPMBDPNQFUFODJBNJTNBEFMUSJCVOBM4F
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 537
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2VFBEFNTMBDVFTUJOBIPSBFOEFCBUFOPFTOJQVFEFTFSMBDPOWFOJFODJBEFTPNFUFSTFBMBKVSJTEJDDJOEFVOB$PSUF*OUFSOBDJPOBMOJUBNQPDPMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFFMVEJSFMDVNQMJNJFOUPEFMPRVFTUBSFTVFMWBPEFDVNQMJSTMPQBSDJBMNFOUFTVEJDUBNFO-PTMUJNPTQVOUPTQPSRVFFMMPDPOUSBEJDFEJSFDUBNFOUFMPQBDUBEPQPSFM&TUBEPEF$IJMFEBEPRVFBMBDFQUBSMBDPNQFUFODJBEFMB$PSUFDPNPPCMJHBUPSJBIBBTVNJEPFMEFCFSRVFMFJNQPOFFMBSUDVMP/EFMB$POWFODJOFTUPFTFMDPNQSPNJTPEFDVNQMJSMBEFDJTJOEFMB$PSUFFOUPEPDBTPFORVFTFBQBSUF
-
538 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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-B$PSUFEF"QFMBDJPOFTBQMJDDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEZTFHVJNJFOUPEFMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)BMEFUFSNJOBSFOTVDPOTJEFSBOEPMPTJHVJFOUF
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-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 539
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:DPODMVZTVSFFYJOBSNBOEPFOTVDPOTJEFSBOEP
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-
540 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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3.5. La interpretacin neutralizadora
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55
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en lHonneur de Jean Claude Gautrn. Les dynamiques du doit europen
en dbut du sicle,1BST1FEPOFQ
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-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 541
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Ulloa con Costa
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-
542 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
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3.6. La interpretacin francamente discordante del tribunal
nacional de la normativa convencional y la interpretacin de sta
realizada por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
6OUSJCVOBMOBDJPOBMPSEJOBSJPPDPOTUJUVDJPOBMQVFEFEJGFSJSEFMBMDBODFPJOUFSQSFUBDJOEBEPQPSMB$*%)FOVODBTPEFUFSNJOBEPSFTVFMUPQPSTUB&OUBMTFOUJEPMBKVSJTEJDDJOJOUFSOBEFM&TUBEPDPOTJEFSBRVFMBSFTPMVDJOEFMB$*%)DPOTUJUVZFVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFDPOTJEFSBJODPSSFDUBZBRVFOPFWBMPDPSSFDUBNFOUFMBOPSNBEFEFSFDIPJOUFSOPVPMWJEQPOEFSBSBEFDVBEBNFOUFPUSPEFSFDIPPVOBUSJCVUPEFUFSNJOBEPEFPUSPEFSFDIPRVFEFCFDPOTJEFSBSTF&MUSJCVOBMOBDJPOBMFOVOOVFWPDBTPTPCSFMBNJTNBNBUFSJBFYQSFTBTVEFTBDVFSEPDPOMB$*%)SB[POBEBNFOUFFYQMJDBOEPMPTNPUJWPTEFMEFTBDVFSEPFOFMSFTQFDUJWPGBMMPDPODSFUBOEPVOEJMPHPBTDFOEFOUFDPOMB$PSUF
-B$*%)QPESSFFYBNJOBSMBDVFTUJODPOUSPWFSUJEBTJFMDBTPMMFHBBMBKVSJTEJDDJOJOUFSBNFSJDBOBPFOPUSPGBMMPTPCSFVOBNBUFSJBTJNJMBSDPODSFUOEPTFBTVOOVFWPEJMPHPGSBODPMFBMZEFCVFOBGF4JOFNCBSHPMBSFTPMVDJOEFMDBTPQPSMB$PSUFWJODVMBSBMUSJCVOBMOBDJPOBMFOGPSNBPCMJHBUPSJB&OFMNCJUPOBDJPOBMOPIBZTFOUFODJBTEFM5SJCVOBM$POTUJUVDJPOBMPEFMPTUSJCVOBMFTPSEJOBSJPTRVFDPOP[DBNPTRVFTFFODVFOUSFOFOFTUBIJQUFTJT
4. El n del dilogo interjurisdiccional entre tribunales
nacionales y Corte Interamericana
6OBQSJNFSBGPSNBFORVFUFSNJOBFMEJMPHPFOUSFMPTUSJCVOBMFTOBDJPOBMFTZMB$*%)TFDPODSFUBDVBOEPTUBFOMBNJTNBNBUFSJBFORVFTFIBQSPEVDJEPFMEFTBDVFSEPEFJOUFSQSFUBDJOZBQMJDBDJOEFMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMSFTVFMWFFMEFTBDVFSEPNFEJBOUFTVTFOUFODJBRVFUJFOFDBSDUFSWJODVMBOUFZHFOFSBPCMJHBDJOEFSFTVMUBEPQBSBFMSFTQFDUJWP&TUBEPQBSUF
"MEJMPHPJOUFSKVSJTEJDDJPOBMFOUSFKVFDFTJOUFSOPTZ$*%)TFMFQPOFUSNJOPUBNCJODVBOEPFM&TUBEPQBSUFBUSBWTEFTVQPEFSDPOTUJUVZFOUFPBUSBWTEFMMFHJTMBEPSDPOGSPOUBEPBVOBEJTQPTJDJODPOTJEFSBEBJODPOWFODJPOBMQPSMB$*%)JODMVTPQVEJFOEPFTUBSZBEFTDBSUBEBTVGVFS[BWJODVMBOUFQPSVOBBQMJDBDJOQSFGFSFOUFEFMBOPSNBDPOWFODJPOBMPVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJOGBWPSQFSTPOBQPSFMKVF[OBDJPOBMFMJHFNPEJDBSMBOPSNBKVSEJDBJOUFSOBFOFMTFOUJEPEFBEFDVBSMBBMFTUOEBSEFMcorpus
iurisJOUFSBNFSJDBOPZBMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)PNFEJBOUFMBEFSPHBDJOEFEJDIBOPSNBUJWBKVSEJDBDPNPPDVSSJFO$IJMFDPOMBNPEJDBDJOEFMB$POTUJUVDJOBSUDVMPOJODJTPOBMDPNPDPOTFDVFODJBEFMBTFOUFODJBOlmedo
Bustos y otros vs.
ChileDVBOEPFMMFHJTMBEPSNPEJDBMBMFHJTMBDJOTPCSFKVTUJDJBNJMJUBSDPNPDPOTFDVFODJBEFMBTTFOUFODJBTPalamara
Iribarne vs. ChileZAlmonacid Arellano y otros vs. ChilePDVBOEP
-
ANUARIO DE DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL LATINOAMERICANO 543
TFDSFBVOBOVFWBOPSNBDPOTUJUVDJPOBMOVFWBMFHJTMBDJOFJOTUJUVDJPOFTDPNPFM$POTFKPQBSBMB5SBOTQBSFODJBFOFMNCJUPEFMEFSFDIPEFBDDFTPBMBJOGPSNBDJOQCMJDBZUSBOTQBSFODJBBQSPQTJUPEFMDBTPClaude
Reyes y otros vs.
ChilePDVBOEPTFBDFMFSBMBBQSPCBDJOEFMBMFZBOUJEJTDSJNJOBDJOEFTQVTEFMGBMMPAtala
y nias vs. ChileQBSBTFBMBSBMHVOPTFKFNQMPTFOFMQMBOPOPSNBUJWP
&MEJMPHPUBNCJODVMNJOBDVBOEPMB$PSUF4VQSFNBEF+VTUJDJBQBTBOEPQPSFODJNBEFTVQSPQJBTFOUFODJBDPOFGFDUPTEFDPTBKV[HBEBJOUFSOBFOMBDVBMIBCBPSEFOBEPFODPOUJFOEBEFDPNQFUFODJBQMBOUFBEBQPSMBKVTUJDJBNJMJUBSSFTQFDUPEFMKVF[OBUVSBMUSBOTGFSJSMPTBOUFDFEFOUFTBMBKVTUJDJBNJMJUBSTUBTPCSFTFZEFOJUJWBNFOUFMBDBVTBTJOSFBMJ[BSMBJOWFTUJHBDJOBQMJDBOEPFM%-EF"NOJTUBMVFHPEFMGBMMPAlmonacid
Arre-llano y otros vs. Chile
EFMB$*%)TUBPSEFOBBMBKVTUJDJBNJMJUBSSFNJUJSFMFYQFEJFOUFBMKVF[PSEJOBSJPDPNQFUFOUFFMDVBMSFUPNBMBJOWFTUJHBDJOEFUFSNJOBOEPSFTQPOTBCMFTZTBODJPOOEPMPTQPSIPNJDJEJPFOFMDBTPAlmonacid
ArellanoMPRVFFTDPOSNBEPMVFHPEFBQFMBDJOFOFMGBMMPEFMB$PSUFEF"QFMBDJPOFTEF3BODBHVBSPMOEFEFFOFSPEFQBSBTFBMBSBMHVOPTFKFNQMPT-BTNPEJDBDJPOFTOPSNBUJWBTJOUFSOBTSFBMJ[BEBTQVFEFOSFRVFSJSTVQVFTUBBMEBFOWJSUVEEFMBFWPMVDJOZDBSDUFSEJONJDPRVFQSFTFOUBMBKVSJTQSVEFODJBEFMB$*%)
5. Diferencias entre control de convencionalidad y control de
constitucionalidad
&MDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEUJFOFDPNPQBSNFUSPEFDPOUSPMMB$"%)ZTVTJOTUSVNFOUPTDPNQMFNFOUBSJPTDPNPEFUFSNJOBFMBSUDVMPEFMB$POWFODJO1BSBFTUPTFGFDUPTFMEFSFDIPJOUFSOPFTVONFSPIFDIPRVFTFDPOGPSNBPOPBMB$"%)QBSBFGFDUPTEFFTUFDPOUSPM4JOFNCBSHPMBTTFOUFODJBTRVFTFDPOTJEFSBOFOFTUFBOMJTJTDPNPTFBMB4BHTDPORVJODPODPSEBNPTiTFFYQSFTBOFOUSNJOPTNTHFOFSBMFTZSFFSFOBMBIJQUFTJTEFRVFVO&TUBEPIBZBSBUJDBEPAVOUSBUBEPDPNPMB$POWFODJO-BEPDUSJOBTFBQMJDBSBBTFOSFMBDJOBDVBMRVJFSUSBUBEPFM1BDUPEF4BO+PTEF$PTUB3JDBTFSBTPMBNFOUFVOBNVFTUSBPFKFNQMPEFNBUFSJBMOPSNBUJWPDPOUSPMBOUFw58&OUBMQFSTQFDUJWBQVFEFOGPSNBSQBSUFEFMQBSNFUSPEFDPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEBNBOFSBFKFNQMBSMB$POWFODJOTPCSF%FSFDIPTEFM/JPFM$POWFOJPEFMB0*5VPUSPTJOTUSVNFOUPTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTRVFBTFHVSBOZHBSBOUJ[BOEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT
&ODVBOUPBMVTPEFPUSPTJOTUSVNFOUPTDPOWFODJPOBMFTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFTTPCSFEFSFDIPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTMB$*%)ZBNBOJGFTUTVQFSTQFDUJWBGBWPSBCMFFOMBPQJOJODPOTVMUJWBVUJMJ[BOEPDPNPSFHMBFMQSJODJQJPpro
hominePGBWPSQFSTPOBDPOTFEFFOFMBSUDVMPMJUFSBMCEFMB$"%)"FTUFSFTQFDUPTPTUVWP
58
/TUPS1FESP4BHTi&MADPOUSPMEFDPOWFODJPOBMJEBEFOQBSUJDVMBSTPCSFMBTDPOTUJUVDJPOFTOBDJPOBMFTwFOLa
Ley,#VFOPT"JSFTKVFWFTEFGFCSFSPEFQ
-
544 DILOGO INTERJURISDICCIONAL Y CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD /
HUMBERTO NOGUEIRA ALCAL
-BGVODJORVFFMBSUEFMB$POWFODJOBUSJCVZFBMB$PSUFGPSNBQBSUFEFMTJTUFNBEFQSPUFDDJOFTUBCMFDJEPQPSEJDIPJOTUSVNFOUPJOUFSOBDJPOBM1PSDPOTJHVJFOUFFTUFUSJCVOBMJOUFSQSFUBRVFFYDMVJSBQSJP