Dialect and identity among adolescents in present day Norway Unn Røyneland University of Oslo High fidelity or pure jalla? The problem of purism in culture, language and esthetics November 14-15 2003, Høgskolen i Hedmark
Feb 01, 2016
Dialect and identity among adolescents in present day Norway
Unn RøynelandUniversity of Oslo
High fidelity or pure jalla?The problem of purism in culture, language and estheticsNovember 14-15 2003, Høgskolen i Hedmark
The language situation in Norway
Åsne 17 years from Tynset
Åsne: = viss vi kjæm til Oslo så ser dæm på oss som bygdetullinger det trur jæ og bønder dumme bønder [det trur] jæ =e=
Åsne:= if we come to Oslo then they look at us as rural weirdoes I think and peasants stupid peasants [I think] I =e=
Dialect• regional, social or ethnic variety of a language
• geographically determined variety - geolect
Standard• overarching spoken variety closely related to
the written standard norm• the spoken East Norwegian standard, close to
the written Bokmål standard
Modern Norwegian dialect change:regional dialect levelling
• horizontal (dialect-dialect) levelling
• vertical (dialect-standard) levellingcomplete convergence
incomplete convergence
• emergence of intermediate forms
Identity
• Dynamic, multi-layered, changeable and negotiable
• Social identityhere operationalized trough affiliations of different kinds: to social groups, to the local community and through socio-cultural
orientation ex. towards local lifestyle and local norms or towards urban lifestyle and urban norms
Comparative apparent time study of two neighbouring areas• Areas of study: Røros and
Tynset• Located 50 km apart• Belong traditionally to
different dialect areas, but still they have many dialect features in common
• Ethnographic fieldwork, interview with 27 adolescents and 10 adults
• 16 features, 12 social characteristics
Røros
Tynset
Palatalization of long alveolars and alveolar clusters
ball kveld spesielt
mann ma, band ba[], sant sa[c]
Gliding scale
] alveolar [] palatal
palatalized
alveolar ] post-alveolar
laminal
apical
alveolar post-alveolar
local: palatal – palatalized – apical post-alveolar – apical alveolar – laminal alveolar: standard
a
Long alveolars and alveolar clusters in Røros og Tynset
765 tokens16 informants
1192 tokens21 informants
0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
Adults Adolescents
Palatal lateral
Intermediate form
Alveolar lateral
RØROS
0 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
Adults Adolescents
Palatal lateral
Alveolar lateral
TYNSET
Use of the different l-qualities according to group membership and local affiliation
Cruisers
School/sport
School/culture
Skaters
0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
90 %
100 %
Cruisers School/sport School/culture Skaters
Palatal lateral
Intermediate form
Alveolar lateral
Carola frå Røros
Carola: [[=e=]] mer enn mange ja trur je [vertfall] tå dæm =e= kule folka som hate Røros og-- dæm prøve jo å legg om bevisst ’a = dæm skal jo itt snakke noe rørosisk for det er jo = ikke noe kult (LATTER) [[for å si det sånn]] det er bondespråk har je fått inntrykk av at det er sånn [=] men = je vet itt je = det er itt så mange som snakke [[kav rørosisk vet je]]
Carola: [[=e=]] yes more than most I think [at least] of the =e= cool people who hate Røros and– they consciously try to change = they won’t speak the dialect because it’s not cool (LAUGHTER) [[to put it like that]] it’s the language of peasants that’s my impression [=] but = I don’ know = there are not so many who speak [[the traditional dialect]]
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
RAilin RBente
RCarola
RIris
RLinn
RChris
REirik
RMagne
RSondre
RTruls
RBjoern
RFinn
RHogne RTrym
RTore
TAasne TAne
TLaila
TIna TMia
TGunnar
TOla
TKaare
TArne
THans
TVarg
TBo
KJONNjente
KJONNgut
SKULEalmfag
SKULEyrkesfag
AKADja
AKADnei
LOKutkant
LOKsentrum
ORIENTlokal
ORIENTurban
HOLDNheimpl
HOLDNdialekt
GRUPPEbusraaner
GRUPPEskulidrett
GRUPPEsossskater
GRUPPEskulkultur
FRAMTIDflytte
FRAMTIDbli
FRAMTIDtilbake
SPAL1
SPAL2
NPAL1
NPAL2
LPAL1
LPAL2
MON1
MON2
NEG1
NEG2
TRYKK1
TRYKK2
JAM1
JAM2
APOK1
APOK2
BFPL1
BFPL2
UFPL1 UFPL2
PRESST1
PRESST2
PRESSV1
PRESV2
SUP
SUP2
PERS11
PERS12
Correspondence Analysis unnunge.dat
CA axis 1 (53.08%)
CA
axi
s 2
(20.
05%
)
Local orientation traditionalist
Cultural orientation, local
Mobil, but traditional
Tradition
Modernity
LOCAL URBAN
Urban academic, mobil
Local features Levelled features
Ina 17 years from Tynset
Ina: nei det er vel kanskje en del som ikke føler at dæm er-- har noe– at det er noe å føle tilhørighet om for vi har ikke noe sånn noe å vår stolt av på Tynset som dæm har på Røros så at vi føler behov for å = ja det kan godt vår [= ] men det har noe med forskjellig utgangspunkt og det da = at dæm har mer-- = en rørosing er en rørosing men en tynseting er noe litt mer udefinerbart det finnes mange sånne som meg sånn =
Ina: I suppose there are some people who don’t feel that they are = have something- that there is anything to feel affiliation with because we don’t have anything to be proud about in Tynset like they have in Røros so we feel the need to = yes that may be [=] but it’s got to do with different points of departure too = that they have more- = a “rørosing” is a “rørosing” but a “tynseting” is something a bit more indefinable there are many people like me like =
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154-168.
Litteratur forts.
Mæhlum, Brit 1992. Dialektal sosialisering. En studie av barn og ungdoms språklige strategier i Longyearbyen på Svalbard. Oslo: Novus.
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talemål i nedre Melhus. Hovudoppgåve i nordisk språk, INL, NTNU.
Universitetet i OsloHistorisk-filosofisk fakultet
Unn Røyneland
Institutt for nordistikk og litteraturvitskap
Pb. 1013 Blindern
0315 Oslo
e-post: [email protected]
- Regionalization around
regional centers in north
and west – both horizontal
og vertical levelling
- Regionalization towardsOslo and East Norwegian standard in the eastern part – mostly vertical levelling
Different tendencies
Regionalization
• the region gradually replaces the local community as the important linguistic and mental orientation unit
• more important to display regional affiliation and identity than strictly local
• local “places” do not stop being important