Diagramming Sentences

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• The ability to diagram the sentences demonstrates the knowledge of sentence parts.

• By identifying sentences, you can examine whether each sentence you write is complete.

• By analyzing sentence structure you can create more diverse and dynamic sentences in your writing.

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Diagramming Sentences

• We can diagram a sentence to show its structure, and to see how its parts are related.

We can diagram sentence

a

Subject Predicate

Lets start !

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Simple Sentence Pattern

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Start with a horizontal line.

• Write the simple subject and verb on the line.

• Artists paint.

Artists paint

• Separate them with a vertical line that crosses the base line.

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Another example:

• Birds sing.• Write the simple subject and verb on the

line.• Separate them with a vertical line that

crosses the base line.

Birds sing

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and

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• She sang. She sang

• Look! (you) look

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• Juanita and Celso worked and rested.Juanita worked

Celso rested

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and

and

1. She sang.2. They work.3. Run!4. Ladies gossips.5. We walked.

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Subject Verb Direct Object

Next ……

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Direct Object Pattern

Artists paint

•Artist paint pictures.•What do artist paint?•Write the direct object after the verb.•Draw a vertical separator which stops at the line.

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What if there is a direct object?

pictures

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Have you noticed?

• The vertical line that separates the subject from the verb crosses the base line.

Artists paint pictures

• The vertical line that separates the verb from the direct object stops at the base line.

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• Mother told story. Mother told story

• We gave flower.We gave flower

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Another Example

1. Tashonda sent e-mail.2. Jocelyn cooked breakfast.3. Mrs. Doubtfire gave assignment.4. Johnny painted jalopy.5. Terminita hates broccoli.6. Rizal made novels.7. Aunt Polly punished Tom.8. We read book. 18

Your turn !

1. Tashonda sent e-mail

2. Jocelyn cooked breakfast

3. Mrs. Doubtfire gave assignment

4. Johnny painted jalopy.19

Answers :

5. Terminita hates broccoli

6.Rizal made novels

7.Aunt Polly punished Tom

8. We read book20

..

Subject Verb Direct Object

Lets begin ..

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Indirect Object

Indirect Object

(x)

Mrs. Licaros gave quizzes

•Mrs. Licaros gave Samantha quizzes.•To whom Mrs. Licaros gave the quizzes?•Write the indirect object under the verb.•Draw a slant line and horizontal line.

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What if there is an Indirect Object ?

Samantha

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Any clarification ?

• Mother told me story.Mother told story

• John brought me chocolates. John brought chocolates

• Tita sent us photo. Tita sent photo

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More …

me

me

us

1. Carla gave David a book.2. Scientist gave student lecture.3. She gave me flowers.4. I wrote Lindsay a note.5. Professor Haggins gave student project.

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Diagram the following.

1. Carla gave book

2. Scientist gave lecture

3. She gave flowers26

Key ..

David

students

me

4. I wrote note

5. Professor Haggins gave projects

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…

Lyndsay

students

S P D.O O.C

• S- Subject• P- Predicate• D.O- Direct Object• O.C- Objective Complement

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Objective Complement

We called firemen heroes

•We called firemen heroes.•An object complement follows a direct object.•It renames or describes the direct object. •An object complement is often a noun, a pronoun or an adjective. •When you diagram a sentence with an object compliment, write it on the base line after the direct object, separated by a slanted line.

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Objective Complement..

• Roof kept family warm.

Roof kept family warm

• Louise found the test difficult.

Louise found test difficult

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More ..

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Any Clarification ?

• Jen make soup spicy.Jen make soup spicy

• We name our baby AliceWe name baby Alice

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Another Example..

our

1. I painted my room red.2. Research showcases papers collection.3. The club elected Tashonda president.4. Johnny painted his jalopy purple.5. The course made Alex genius.

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Quiz….

1. I painted room red

2. Research showcases papers collection

3. club elected Tashonda president

4. Johnny painted jalopy purple

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Answer .

5. course made Alex genius

That’s ALL !

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……………

Subject Linking Verb Subjective Complement

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Subject Complement

I am happy

•I am happy.•A subject complement follows a linking verb. •It describes or renames the subject.• When you diagram a sentence, the subject complement is written on the baseline, separated from the predicate by a slanted line.

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Subject Complements..

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Subject Complements

• Tweety is yellow.Tweety

subject

is

verb

yellow

Subject complement

• It is a complement, not a direct object.

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Linking verbs

• Tweety is yellow.Tweety

subject

is

verb

yellow

Subject complement

Because the complement describes the subject, the dividing line tilts back toward the subject.

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Any questions regardingSubject Complements

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Try another sentence.

• Sylvester is cat.

Sylvester is cat

• Cat = renames Sylvester.• Cat = predicate noun.

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Your Turn !

1. They are late

2. Cockatiels are parrots

3. I am walrus

4. Coyote was hungry

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Answer ..

5. Jeremy was jerk

6. Kiwi is smart

7. Bear is popular

8. Parrots are pets44

………….

9. Cockatiels are friendly

10. Teddy Roosevelt was president

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&&^^.

Subject Verb Direct Object

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ADJECTIVES and ADVERBS

Adjective

Adverb

Adjective

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What if we describe the subject?

• Talented artists paint.• “Talented” describes “artists.”• Write it on a diagonal line below the word

it describes.

artists paint

Talented

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What if we describe the verb?

• Talented artists paint well.• “Well” describes how they paint.• Write it on a diagonal line below the word

it describes.

Artists paint

Talented

well

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What if we describe the direct object?

• Talented artists paint realistic pictures well.• What kind of pictures do artists paint?• “Realistic” describes “pictures.”• Write it on a diagonal line under “pictures.”

Artists paint

Talented

well

picturesrealistic

• The boy ate quickly.boy ate

The blue chair broke. chair broke

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The The blue

quickly

• My family often hosts parties. family hosts parties

• Cold winds howled noisily.winds howled

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More …

My

often

Cold

noisily

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1. glaciers melt

2. girl laughed

3. dog barked

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The

The

The

scary

loudly

4. snail crawled

5. cat purrs

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An ugly

slowly

The

big

black

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6. everyone was seated

7. visited ended

Soon

comfortably

The

early

8. Dawnson greeted guest

9. Lopezes Had been

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The

warmly

their

the

there

before

10. fans watched race

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Those happy

a great

• An appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies another noun or pronoun in the sentence.

• Any noun or pronoun may have an appositive.

• To diagram a sentence with an appositive, place the appositive immediately after the word it identifies, and set it off in parentheses.

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Appositive….

• A California stagecoach driver, Charley Parkhurst, had a secret.

driver (Charley Parkhurst) had secret

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APPOSITIVE (subject)

A Californiastagecoach

• Legends describe that colorful character, Charley Parkhurst.

(Charley Legend describe character Parkhust)

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APPOSITIVE (D.O)

that

colorful

• An appositive phrase is composed of an appositive and all the words that modify it.

• To diagram a sentence with an appositive phrase, write the appositive within parentheses immediately after the word identified, and place the modifiers on slant lines under the appositive rather than under the word identified.

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APPOSITIVE PHRASES

• Parkhurst, a fearless driver, could handle any horse.

Parkhurst (driver) could handle horse

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Appositive Phrases

a

fearless

Charley (man) became voter

•Charley, the pretend man, became the first woman voter.

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Another Example…

the pretend

the first wom

an

1. Charley Parkhurst was really Charlotte Parkhurst, an orphan.

2. Fifteen-year-old Charlotte, a tall, strong girl, left an unfriendly orphanage.

3. She took a man’s job, stable hand.4. She took a man’s name, Charley.5. Her one vice, tobacco, gave Charley cancer.

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Your Turn !

1. Charley Charley Parkhust was Parkhust (orphan)

2. Charlotte (girl) left orphanage

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Key

really

an

Fifteen-year-

old

a tall

strong an unfriendly

3. She took job (hand)

4. She took name (Charley)

5. vice (tobacco) gave cancer 66

aman’s

stable

a man’s

Herone Charley

• A preposition is a word that indicates how a noun or pronoun relates to some other word in its sentence. Examples include before, throughout, and with.

• Some prepositions are made up of more than one word, such as in front of and except for.

• A prepositional phrase is made up of a preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the object.

• Examples of prepositional phrases are “before the storm,” “during heavy rain,” and “in front of an old barn.”

• Prepositional phrases may act as adjectives or as adverbs. 67

Prepositional Phrases

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What if there is a prepositional phrase?

• Talented artists paint realistic pictures of people.• What do artists paint pictures of?• “Of people” describes the pictures.• Write it on a frame under “pictures.”

Artists paint

Talented

picturesrealistic

people

of

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Try a different prepositional phrase.

• Talented artists paint realistic pictures on canvas.• Where do artists paint pictures? “on canvas.”• How, when, and where describe verbs.• Write it on a frame under “paint.”

Artists paint

Talented

picturesrealisticcanvas

on

• Used as Adjectives • To diagram a prepositional phrase used as an

adjective, place the preposition on a slant line below the noun or pronoun modified.

• Place the object of the preposition on a horizontal line connected to the slant line and lying at its right.

• The slant line should extend slightly beyond the horizontal line.

• If the object of the preposition has modifiers, write them on slant lines below the object.

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Prepositional Phrases (Adjective)

• FOR EXAMPLE :- Most people in Emma’s class like rock music. people like music

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Prepositional Phrases (Adjective)

Most

in class

Emma’s

rock

• A prepositional phrase used as an adverb is diagramed the same way as one used as an adjective.

• Study this model of a prepositional phrase used to modify a verb.

• The preposition is placed on the slant line and its object is placed on the adjoining horizontal line.

• Note that the phrase is placed beneath the verb modified.

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Prepositional Phrases (adverb)

• The science lab was displayed on Parents’ Night.

- lab was displayed

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Prepositional Phrases (adverb)

The

science

on Parents’ Night

1. The young man jumped on the boat.2. A happy dog ran down the street.3. The children climbed up the stairs.4. Anna rode the bus on Friday.5. We entered the room through the window.6. In the attic they found a dusty trunk.7. Huck overheard a conversation between two

men.74

Your Turn !

8. Tom was exploring the cave with Becky.9. The two of them were lost in the cave.10. Mrs. Sanchez wrote precise instructions on the chalkboard.

5………….4……..3…..2…1..

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1. man jumped

2. dog run

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Key :

Theyoung

on

boatthe

A happy

down stairs

the

3. children climbed

4. Anna rode bus

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Key :

The up stairsthe

onFriday

the

5. We entered room

6. they found trunk

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Key :

through window

the

the

inattic

thea dusty

7. Hucked overhead conversation

8. Tom was exploring cave

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Key :

a between mentwo

with Beckythe

9. two were lost

10. Mrs. Sanchez wrote instruction

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Key :

Theof

themin cave

the

on

chalkboard

the

precise

• A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and is used as a part of a sentence.

• A main, or independent clause can also stand alone in a simple sentence.

• A subordinate, or dependent clause cannot stand alone.• A compound sentence has two or more main clauses and no

subordinate clauses. • The clauses are joined by a semicolon or by a comma and a

conjunction.• In a diagram of a compound sentence, each independent clause is

diagramed separately; then the clauses are connected. • The type of connection used depends on whether the clauses are

joined by a semicolon or a conjunction. 81

Compound Sentence

• Clauses Connected by a Semicolon

• When two main clauses in a compound sentence are joined by a semicolon, first diagram the clauses separately in the order in which they appear in the sentence.

• Then draw a vertical dotted line between the verbs of the clauses, as shown here.

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Compound Sentences

Subject verb Main Clause#1

Subject verb Main Clause#2

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Compound Sentences (Semi-colon)

• Folktales are always popular; you have probably heard many of them.folktales are popular

you have heard many

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Compound Sentences (Semi-colon)

always

probably

of them

• When the main clauses in a compound sentence are connected by a conjunction such as and, but, or or, first diagram each clause separately.

• Next, write the conjunction on a solid horizontal line between the two main clauses.

• Last, draw vertical dotted lines to connect that solid line to the verb of each clause, as shown in this example.

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Compound Sentences (Conjunction)

Subject verb Main Clause#1

Subject verb Main Clause#2

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Compound Sentences (Conjunction)

Conj.

• Do you like scary stories, or do they give you nightmares?

you Do like stories

they do give nightmares

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Compound Sentences (Conjunction)

scaryor

you

1. Some folktales have been told for generations; many different versions exist.

2. In many tales, animals talk; they stand for humans.

3. In some tales, the animals are wise; in others, they are selfish.

4. Writers in various countries have made collections of folktales; the Grimm brothers are among these writers.

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Your Turn

5. In very old English tales, Grendel was a terrible monster, and his mother was equally horrible.6. Grendel terrorized the countryside, but finally the hero Beowulf stopped him.7. Evan ran in the race, but he lost.8. My puppy is the runt, but she is cute, and she eats her food.

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9. Susan laughed, yet Kelva was quiet.10. John likes pie, but Theresa likes cake.

………..

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1. folktales have been told

version exist

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Key

Some

for generation

manydifferent

2. animals talk

they stand

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Key

In talesmany

for humans

3. animals are wise

they are foolish

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Key

the In tales

some

in others

4. Writers have made collection

brothers are

94

Key

in countriesvarious

of folktales

the

Grimmamong writers

these

5. Grendel was monster

mother was horrible

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Key

and

In tales a terribleEnglish

oldvery

his

equally

6. Grendel terrorized countryside

hero (Beowulf) stopped him

96

Key

butthe

the

finally

7. Evan ran

he lost97

Key

but

inrace

the

8. puppy is runt

she is cute

she eats food

98

Key

My but

and

her

9. Susan laughed

Kelva was quiet

99

Key

yet

10. John likes pie

Theresa likes cake

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Key

but

• A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and is used as part of a sentence.

• A main, or independent clause can stand alone in a simple sentence.

• A subordinate, or dependent clause cannot stand alone.• There are three types of subordinate clauses: adjective, adverb,

and noun clauses.• A complex sentence has one main clause and one or more

subordinate clauses.• The diagram of a complex sentence depends on the type of

subordinate clause it includes.101

Complex Sentences

• An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun in the main clause. Most adjective clauses are introduced by relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, that, and which).

• Always begin the diagram of a complex sentence by diagraming the independent clause, even if it comes second in the sentence.

• Then diagram the subordinate clause separately, placing it below the main clause.

• Finally, connect the two clauses. To connect a main clause and an adjective clause that begins with a relative pronoun, draw a dotted line between the introductory pronoun and the word in the main clause that the adjective clause modifies.

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Complex Sentences (adjective clause)

• Geologists are scientists who study rocks.Geologist are scientist

who study rocks

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Complex Sentences (adjective clause)

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Complex Sentences (adjective clause)

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Build a new sentence.

• Hamsters run.

Hamsters run

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Describe the hamsters.

Energetic hamsters run.

Hamsters run

Energetic

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Where do hamsters run?

Energetic hamsters run on wheels.

Hamsters run

Energetic

onwheels

Prepositional phrase

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What kind of wheels?

Energetic hamsters run on exercise wheels.

Hamsters run

Energetic

onwheels

exercise

“exercise” describes wheels

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Practice another sentence.

• Hamsters eat.

Hamsters eat

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What do hamsters eat?

• Hamsters eat seeds.

Hamsters eat seeds

“Seeds” is the direct object.

It follows the verb, after a vertical separator.

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What kind of seeds?

• Hamsters eat sunflower seeds.

Hamsters eat seeds

“Sunflower” describes “seeds.”

Write it on a diagonal line under “seeds.”

sunflower

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Have you noticed?

• Only subjects, verbs, and objects• Go on the horizontal line.• Words that describe them go below them

on diagonal lines.Monkeys eat bananas

Hungry

sweet

in trees

the

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Add more description.

• Poor Sylvester is a frustrated predator.

Sylvester is predatoraPoor

frustrated

• Predator = renames Sylvester.• Predator = predicate noun.

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Other linking verbs

• The pot of brains smells suspiciously rancid.

pot smells rancid

ofThe

suspiciously

brains

• Rancid = describes the pot.• Rancid = predicate adjective.