Diagnostic Lab Submissions Heather Walz DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP Thompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic Lab Department of Agriculture and Industries
Diagnostic Lab SubmissionsHeather Walz DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVP
Thompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic Lab
Department of Agriculture and Industries
Overview
AVDL Organization and MissionSample Packaging and SubmissionTBSSDL Laboratories, Staff, TestsCommon Diseases
Auburn Elba
Hanceville BoazAlabama Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System
Department of Agriculture and IndustriesJohn McMillan, Commissioner
Agricultural IndustriesDr. Tony Frazier, State Veterinarian
Auburn
Boaz
Elba
Hanceville
Pathologists-DiagnosticiansDrs. Kelly, Slaten, McCall, Nuehring, Walz, Pope, Steury, Rowe, Li, Perry, Pugh, and Chowdhury (MAP student)
13 Microbiologists, 15 Techs, 3 Chemists
Cattle Necropsies>400Small Ruminant Necropsies>700Poultry Necropsies>20,000
Boaz
Hanceville
Auburn
Elba
AVDL LAB SYSTEMACCESSIONS 2017
TBSSDL: 2017: 21,1852016: 21,3312015: 20,7042014: 19,3322013: 21,672
Elba: 4,477Boaz: 2,255Hanceville:1,414
TOTAL AVDL ACCESSIONS 2017: 29, 3312016: 25,4942015: 24,5882014: 22, 5832013: 25, 953
AVDL System
Full service pathology laboratories Pathology Microbiology Serology Toxicology
Purpose Determine the cause of animal sickness or
death Disease surveillance and regulatory testing
Serving Veterinarians, livestock and poultry producers,
wildlife authorities, apiary, individual animal owners, other local, state and federal agencies
www.labs.alabama.gov
Serology
Serology
Anaplasma-c-ELISA Bluetongue: AGID Bovine leukemia virus (BLV): AGID Caprine Arthritis & Encephalitis virus (CAE): AGID Brucellosis Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD): AGID IgG (bovine only): immunodiffusion assay Johne’s ELISA (IDEXX): cattle only
Testing sheep and goat ELISA Neospora: ELISA Pseudorabies ELISA ABORTION PROFILE: Lepto, Brucella, Neospora,
BVDV, IBR, Anaplasma, Bluetongue
Bacteriology
Bacteriology
Routine aerobic and anaerobic culturesMilk samples, including mycoplasmasCryptosporidium-Acid fast stain on feces Leptospira titersBrucella abortus and Brucella spp.Campylobacter fetusDermatophilus sp.Mycoplasma spp.Salmonella: definitive serotyping sent to NVSLClostridium chauvoei FA Johne’s disease (CATTLE ONLY): feces, positive results confirmed by PCRClostridium perfringens, toxin typing can be performed by request
Molecular Detection
PCR
BVDV: spleen +/- lung, ileum, lymph node, thymus IBR: lung BRSV: lung Mycoplasma: lung, swab, respiratory mucus Bluetongue/Epizootic hemorrhagic disease
(EHD): Spleen Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED): intestine
or feces Swine influenza virus (SIV): nasal swab in BHI
broth, lung Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD): vesicular fluid,
oral lesion Trichomonas: TF Transit Tube-do not refrigerate
Virology
Virology
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
Spring-2018: CWD ELISA testing will be performed at TBSSDL-We will no longer accept formalin-fixed tissue, fresh tissue will be required
Obex and lymph nodes required in captive deer
CWD reported in West-central Mississippi on February 9th 2018
4-year-old white-tailed deer in Issaquena County
Alabama has been testing for CWD since 2002
Virology
Rotavirus-antigen capture ELISA-intestine, feces
Bovine coronavirus FA-lung, intestine
Contagious Ecthyma-skin lesion
Parainfluenza-3 FA-lung
Virology:
BVDV ear notch-test of choice to detect PI cattle
TBSSDL: Antigen capture ELISA (ACE)$5.00 sample plus $10.00 accession fee*Positive results confirmed with PCR at no additional charge
IHC: BVDV antigen in hair follicular epithelium
Virology
BVDV Serum Neutralization (SN)IBR SNPI3: SNBRSV: SN
Serologic tests
-
Field option:
Cattle ear notch testing:BVDV SNAP(IDEXX®)-caution in nursing calves
Optimal time period for persistent fetal infection gestational days 45-125
Toxicology
295 µg/dl495 µg/dl524 µg/dl
295295295 µg/dl495 µg/dl524 µg/dl
Common tests for ruminants
Lead: kidneyArsenic: kidneySelenium: liverCopper: liverZinc: liverMagnesium: vitreousCalcium (total): vitreousInsecticides: rumen contentRuminal pH: content
Toxicology Tests
Mycotoxin testing:OchratoxinAflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2Fumonisin B1Deoxynivalenol (DON)
Ionophores:-Dry feed onlyMonensinSalinomycinNarasinLasalocid by request
Ammonia testing on aqueous
-AU-CVM ClinicalPathology$6.38/sample (red top tube)
Cows not suspected of ammonia toxicity 295 ug/dl 495 ug/dl 524 ug/dl
Cows suspected of ammonia toxicity3,736 ug/dl6,101 ug/dl4,118 ug/dl4,671 ug/dl2,631 ug/dl1,479 ug/dl
-Reading for nitrate is multiplied by 4.43 (if 5)=22.15 (Detection limit)-Any pink reading should be sent in to be confirmed.
Nitrate nitrogen
~fast ~slow
Nitrate Nitrite Ammonia\/
hemoglobin methemoglobin
Nitrate (N) safety Concentrations in Hay1,000 ppm or less – Nitrate level is safe under all conditions
1,000-1,500 ppm – Nitrate level is safe for non-pregnant cows (Pregnant cows - feed should be limited to 50% of total ration)
1,500-2,000 ppm –Limit to < 50% of the total dry matter intake
2,000-3,500 ppm – Limit to < 40% of total dry matter intake
3,500-4,000 ppm – Limit to < 25% of dry matter intake(Do not feed to pregnant animals)
>4,000 ppm – Do not feed
Nitrate testing on feed: Soil, Forage, & Water Testing Laboratory (Soil test lab) Alabama Cooperative Extension System, ALFA Building, Auburn
Pathology
Dr. ChowdhuryDr. NuehringDr. PerryDr. PopeDr. SteuryWalz
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD)
Images from Dr. Kelley Steury
EHD: Orbivirus closely related to bluetongue
EHD
Deer: GI hemorrhage-EHD or Clostridium perfringens
Cattle-Gross necropsyand histology are diagnostic
Fungal pneumonia
Photo from Dr. Kelley Steury
Wild deer with brain abscesses
BRD
Consolidated lung sections
PI calves
Pulmonary abscess
Pulmonary abscess -aerobic and-anaerobic
Anaplasmosis
Serologyc-ELISA
NecropsyImpression smears
CytologyAU-CVM
Trends: Increased abortions reported in KS and these dams were seropositive for Anaplasma
Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Visceral Blackleg
-Gross-Histo-FA
Differential: Hardware
Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Blackleg myonecrosis
Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Cattle, sheep, goats, alpacas, deer
Serous atrophy of fat: epicardial fat, perirenal fat, bone marrow
Pale musculature, fascia, and organs
Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Endoparasitism
Photo Courtesy of Dr. Kelley Steury
Cow: Abomasalulcer
Summary
Acknowledgements
AAVLD Accredited labs in Auburn and Boaz-moving towards the accreditation process in other labs
We are working to develop new tests and expand our capabilities to meet our client needs.
We want to work with veterinarians and owners to help with sample submissions to increase the frequency a diagnosis can be made.
We value your feedback and hope to continue an open line of communication.
We are thankful for the support we receive from our clients, Drs. Pugh and Frazier, and Commissioner McMillan.