Diabetes

الداء الداء السكريالسكري

Diabetes Diabetes mellitusmellitus

قراءة سريعةQuick review

الزمالء: محمد النعسان - مضر شاالتي دو- مصطفى دا

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•What’s Diabetes?•Symptoms•Causes•Diabetes Pathophysiology•Types of Diabetes•Cure and Therapy•Complications•Anti-Diabetic Drugs

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Headlines

DefinitionDefinition

Diabetes:is abnormal elevation in BLOOD

glucose >126 mg%

SymptomsSymptoms األعراضاألعراض

PolyuriaPolyuriaالبوالةالبوالة

PolydipsiaPolydipsia

العطاشالعطاشpolyphagiapolyphagiaالجوعالجوع

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نسبة السكر عالية في الدم

الداء السكري؟ الداء السكري؟ي أسبابي أسبابماهماه

انخفاض إفراز اإلنسولين

مقاومة لتأثير اإلنسولين

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Types of DiabetesTypes of Diabetesأنواع الداء السكريأنواع الداء السكري

Type 1

Type 2

Gestational diabetes

Autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells.

Insulin resistance → high amounts of insulin → beta cells are unable.

The hormones of pregnancy can cause insulin resistance.

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Glucose Absorption and Insulin Function

امتصاص الغلوeكوز ووظيفة اإلنسولين

Blood stream

Tissues

• Stomach converts the food to glucose, then the glucose inter the blood stream and the pancreas respond and secrete insulin.

Insulin

Glucosehttp://groups.yahoo.com/group/

aleppopharmacy16/

Glucose Absorption and Insulin Function

امتصاص الغلوeكوز ووظيفة اإلنسولين

Blood stream

Tissues

• Stomach converts the food to glucose, then the glucose inter the blood stream and the pancreas respond and secrete insulin.

Insulin

Glucosehttp://groups.yahoo.com/group/

aleppopharmacy16/

Diabetes Type 1:

Destruction of β-Cells—< NO INSULIN

Glucose Absorption and Insulin Function

امتصاص الغلوeكوز ووظيفة اإلنسولين

Blood stream

Tissues

• Stomach converts the food to glucose, then the glucose inter the blood stream and the pancreas respond and secrete insulin.

Insulin

Glucosehttp://groups.yahoo.com/group/

aleppopharmacy16/

Diabetes Type 2:

Resistance to insulin’s effect!

Cure and TherapyCure and Therapyالمداواة والعالجالمداواة والعالج

Type 1

Type 2

Gestational diabetes

only with injected insulin.(although dietary)

combination of dietary treatment, tablets and injections

resolves with delivery of the child

Chronic conditions

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ComplicationsComplicationsالمضاعفاتالمضاعفات

Acuteحادة

Chronicمزمنة

“may occur if the disease is not adequately controlled”•Hypoglycemia.

• DKA.“Diabetic ketoacidosis”

• Coma.

•Cardiovascular diseases.

• Renal failure.

• Retinal damage.

•Nerve damage.

•Poor healing of wounds → gangrene.http://groups.yahoo.com/group/

aleppopharmacy16/

Anti-diabetic DrugsAnti-diabetic Drugsمضادات السكريمضادات السكري

• Biguanides (Metformin).• Thiazolidinedions. (TZDs) Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone, Troglitazone.•Sulphonyl Ureas.

Glipizide, Gliclazide, Glibenclamide, Gliquidone. • α -Glucosidase Inhibitors.

Acarbose, Miglitol.• Insulin.

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Mechanism of Action of Mechanism of Action of TZDsTZDs

nucleus

Cell

proteins that decrease insulin resistance

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PPAR

TZD

Mechanism of Action of Sulphonyl Mechanism of Action of Sulphonyl UreaUrea

Ca2+ Sulphonyl urea

K+ K-Channel

Blood stream

Insulin

Pancreas

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Ca-Channel

Mechanism of Action of Mechanism of Action of alphaalpha--Glucosidase InhibitorsGlucosidase Inhibitors

Blood stream

Intestinal Cell

Glucose

α-glucosidaseabsorpti

on

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Polysaccharides

acarbose

The Endعمل الزمالء: مصطفى داود، محمد النعسان، مضر

شاالتيالفئة الخامسة

إشراف: أ. حازم عقادد. أيمن نعال