Diabetes U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Project Pan American Health Organization U.S. Mexico Border Field Office (915) 845-5950 [email protected]/[email protected]
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Diabetes
U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Project
Pan American Health OrganizationU.S. Mexico Border
Field Office(915) 845-5950
Diabetes definition
Metabolic disorder of multiple etiology (causes) characterized by hyperglycemia with carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolic alterations that result in defects in the secretion of insulin, its action or both.
What is diabetes?
The majority of intake of food is converted into glucose.
The pancreas produces the insulin hormone, which help the organism to take advantage of glucose.
In persons with diabetes, the insulin does not work. Therefore, the sugar and the fat increase in the blood.
Symptoms of diabetes
Polyuria (urinating frequently)Polydipsia (very thirsty)Weight loss
Other diabetes symptoms
Continuos hungerFatigueDry skinFrequent infectionsFeet ulcerationLoss of sensibility in inferior
extremities (legs)Erectile dysfunction
Types of diabetes
Type 1 No production of insulin Initiates in childhood or
adolescenceType 2
Deficient production or improper utilization of insulin
Generally initiates after 30 years of age
Risk factors
Risk factors
Family history of diabetesOlder than 30 years of ageLack of physical activitySedentarism ( person with little
or no physical activity)Poor dietExcessive weight
Risk factors
Lack of knowledge on the disease
No health care accessConsumption of alcohol and
drugsSmokingCultural myths
Diabetes complications
Retinopathy (blindness?)Nephropathy (kidney problems)Feet ulceration and/or amputations HypertensionHyperlipidemia (cholesterol?)Erectile DysfunctionGestational diabetes (during
pregnancy)Diabetes and HIV
Diabetes complications
Diagnosis
Symptoms (suggest possible diabetes)
High glucose in blood (confirm if higher than 126 mg/dl)
Glucose in hemoglobin (indicates quality of diabetes
control - higher than 7 mmol)
Treatment and control
Medications (insulin vs. hypoglycaemic agents)
Increase physical activity at least walk for 30 min. most days
Appropriate diet vegetables fruit low in fat and carbohydrates
Lifestyle changes
Prevention and/or delay of diabetes complications
Well balanced dietExerciseMedications when appropriateTimely access to health care
servicesNo tobacco No alcohol
Tips for healty cooking
Cook of boil meat insted of frying
Take the skin of chicken before cooking
Use less salt and sugar when preparing food
Avoid fat
Tips for healty cooking
Use fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables when eating or in between meals
Use low fat chesse instead of regular chesse
Use low fat milkDrink fruit juice instead of
powder juice
Nutritional Pyrimid
CDC Webpage
Physical Activity
To control diabetes the recommendation is to increase physical activity, preferably every day for 20 minutes.
Physical Activity
Benefits:
Lowers glucose levels in blood Improves blood circulation in the
entire body Contributes to weight loss Improves physical and mental
wellbeing Helps the body to utilize insulin
more efficiently
Physical Activity
Consult your doctor before you start a physical activity program
Start you program slowly and increase activity level gradually
You can choose the physical activity that that you like to do
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