DHARA CEMENT (INDIA) PVT. LTD. - Gujarat Pollution …gpcb.gov.in/pdf/Dhara_Cement_EIA_Report_with_Exe... · DHARA CEMENT (INDIA) PVT. LTD. ... The cement industry has potential to

REPORT

ON

DRAFT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY

FOR

DHARA CEMENT (INDIA) PVT. LTD. SURVEY 66/27, VILLAGE GADU,

TALUKA KHEDBRAHMA, DISTRICT SABARKANTHA,

STATE GUJARAT

May 2011

PREPARED BY

VASUDEV ASSOCIATES B-401, ANGEL COMPLEX,

NEAR HOTEL “OASIS”, SARDAR PATEL STADIUM CIRCLE, NAVRANGPURA,

AHMEDABAD 380014 STATE GUJARAT

i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction: The Project Proponent is planning to manufacture Cement at survey 66/27,

village Gadu, Taluka Khedbrahma, District Sabarkantha, State Gujarat having plot area of

11,736 sq.m. The project land is located near state highway no. 9 connecting District

centre Himmatnagar to towns Idar and Khedbrahma. The Balaram Sanctuary and Jessore

Sanctuary are located far beyond 10 km crow fly distance on North-West direction.

District centre, Himmatnagar is 50 km on South direction by road. The Project Proponent

is having relevant experience in the similar kind of product for last 10 years for continuos

process plants with latest technology. They are proposing 1,08,000 MTPA capacity plant

with proposed investment of Rs. 3.15 crores. Raw materials like Lime Stone, Clay,

Gypsum, and Fly Ash will be consumed for Cement as end product. The industrial waste

like iron sludge and fly ash will be used in cement manufacturing process.

Technology: The said product will be manufactured using universally accepted Vertical

Shaft Kiln Technology. This process is dry base cement manufacturing process. The

process involves various unit operations like, Raw Material Crushing, Grinding,

Nodulation, Calcinations, Clinker Grinding, Cement Grinding and Packing. The

manufacturing process is continuous in nature.

Process: Cement making consists of three major process steps raw material preparation,

clinker making in the kiln, and cement making. Raw material preparation and cement

making are the main electricity-consuming processes, while the clinker kiln uses almost

all the fuel in a typical cement plant. Clinker production is the most energy-intensive

production step, responsible for about 70%–80% of the total energy consumed Raw

material preparation and finish grinding are electricity-intensive production steps. The

cement is bulk building material, manufactured by dry process involve solid and powder

handling operations and chemical reactions. The process technology of the project is

vertical shaft kiln type cement manufacturing. This is the most popular type of process

used for manufacture of cement through Vertical Shaft Kiln in which the fuel (usually

low volatile coal or coke breeze) is inter ground with the raw mix for efficient and

uniform burning. Most of the cement plants using Vertical Shaft Kiln are mainly based on

the black meal process.

ii

Raw Materials: The raw materials will be sourced from the nearest vendors. The

limestone will be purchased from the mines near Kheroj and Ambaji. The Clay wil be

purchased locally. The Gypsum will be purchased from Rajashthan. The Coke will be

purchased from the reputed manufacturers like NRE Limited or one supplies of

equivalent quality and commercially viable source. The fly ash will be obtained from

Thermal Power Plants.

Utility: The unit will required utility like water, air, power supply. The unit has planned

to provide storages for all raw materials. The water will be sourced from ground water.

The electricity is sourced from grid of Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Limited, Mehsana.

Pollution Sources and Control Measures: The Project Proponent will provide the air

pollution control systems for sources of air emissions. There will be five stacks

contributing process emissions including stack attached to Vertical Shaft Kiln, Cement

mill, Raw mill silos, Hammer mill, grinding mill. The adequate stack height is proposed

for all stacks. The reverse pulse jet type bag filters will be installed at raw materials silos,

blending silo, grinding mill, cement mill. The ventury scrubber is installed at gas outlet

from vertical shaft kiln. The adequate height for barricades will be provided to crusher

section and hammer mill to control the fugitive emission and noise control at source. The

scrubbed water will be reused in granulizer. There will be zero effluent discharge from

industrial process. The sewage will be treated and disposed off through septic tank and

soak well system. The solid and hazardous waste will be stored in impervious storage

facility.

Reuse process: The cement industry has potential to re use the waste generated from

other industries. The iron sludge, fly ash and gypsum can be used in cement

manufacturing process. The Project Proponent planned to use the same in the process and

had planned for storage facilities at site.

Baseline Environment: The environmental attributes are important parameters to

describe the Environmental Setting of the study area. The study was carried out in 10 km

radius for water attribute, air attribute, land attributes, noise attribute, ecological attribute

iii

and socio-economic attribute. The major water source in the study area is from ground

water in the study area. There is a river Harnav passing through taluka center

Khedbrahma in the study area. The Dharoi dam is located on west side of the project area

beyond 10 km crow fly distance.

The average rainfall is ranges between 400 to 650 mm. District Sabarkantha is lying in

the North region of the state Gujarat and having arid climate. The meteorological data

was purchased from IMD-Ahmedabad for Deesa station for October 2008 to February

2009 for rain fall, wind speed & direction, temperature, relative humidity and cloud

covers for day time observation. The prevailing wind direction in January was from NE

and N and for February was from NE, NW, WNW and W. The Average wind velocity

was recorded as 0.89 mps and 0.79 mps for January and February respectively. The

ambient air quality station locations were selected in study area as per the prevailing

MoEF guideline. There are seven locations including project site were selected and

ambient air quality sampling were carried out for two months for 24 hrs duration. The

ambient quality in the study area is better and found within the norms. The samplings

were carried out for PM10, PM2.5, SOx and NOx, concentration in ambient air.

The ground and surface water samples were collected from eight places. All water

samples are found with majority of parameters within permissible norms of the drinking

quality standards IS 10500.

The land environment in the study area is diverse in nature. The soil samples were

collected and analysed for soil parameters. The agriculture cultivable and uncultivable

land), rocky terrain, fallow land, human settlement area, water body are observed in the

study area. Cultivated land and uncultivated land contributed major portion (> 75 %) of

the land use pattern in the study area. Shrub land contributes about 9 % of the study area.

Human settlement and river area possess 3.30 and 3.86 %. According to Census 2001,

irrigation area shares 37.33 % in the study area followed by un-irrigated area shares

34.06%, and Cultivable waste (including guacharo and groves) area shares 12.79 % of the

study area.

iv

The ecological environment of the area is classified in fauna and flora. The vegetation,

dominant trees, shrubs, herbaceous species and climbers and twiners are recorded in the

study area. The prevailing trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers and twiners etc are summarized

in relevant section in chapter Baseline Environment. Agriculture practice is depending

upon monsoon. The single crop after monsoon is practiced in the region in majority area

with the help of ground water irrigation.

Khedbrahma taluka of Sabarkantha district is mainly occupied by the rocks belonging to

the Kelwara and Antalia formations of the Gogunda group and Todgarh formations of the

Kumbhalgarh group of the Delhi supergroup. They comprise quartzite , biotite schist,

calc-biotite schist, phyllite, calc-gneiss, calc-schist, marble and biotite gneiss. Terrain is

almost plain with little undulation. No natural forest area is observed in the study area.

The population density in the study area is 721 nos. per sq.m. as per the Census 2001. The

female to male ratio of the study area is 967. Literacy rate in the study area observes as

38.70%. Primary school, educational facilities are available in the small villages. Bank

facility, Medical facilities including private medical practitioners are available in taluka

centres and at few villages near to highways. Communication facilities like, post,

telegram, telephone and mobile services are available to villagers. Electricity supply, state

transport facility and access road to all villages are available.

Impact Assessment: In air emission, impact assessment was calculated based on

Gaussian Plume model for plain terrain. The process gas and fugitive emission are

considered for the calculation of impact values. The Particulate Matter concentration for

efficient operation of air pollution control equipment reflects negligible concentration on

ground level. The major impact concentration of Particulate Matter for efficient operation

situation was within 500 m. from project site using air modelling software the ISCST-3

Model. The maximum impact concentrations of PM were found of 15.85 and 14.58

g/cum at point South West side (-321.39, -383.02) from project site were found. There

will not be any impact on water quality as the project will not generate any industrial

wastewater generation from process. The raw materials will be stored in storage area with

v

adequate height wall around the storage area. Hence, it will not affect the land for

potential contamination due to spillages.

The unit is small scale with building structure to surround the industrial plant will reduce

the noise level in the vicinity. The green belt will be provided around the premises to

create noise barrier. This wall will reduce the noise concentration to adjacent area. There

will not be any impact on ecological environment. The employment scope, micro size

business, manufacturing activities will be created due to proposed project. The socio

economic upliftment program will be conducted the vicinity villages to benefiting the

villagers. The income to the state and nation in terms of direct and indirect taxes will be

contributed during construction and operational phase.

Environmental Management Plan: System is proposed for construction as well as for

operational phase of the project. In operational phase, the monitoring is required for water

consumption, air emission from process gas. Noise measurement will be carried out once

in year. Resource conservation will be promoted to minimise the pollutants generation

and will reduce the energy consumption to the benchmark level for specific consumption.

The rain water harvesting is suggested for rain water re charge within the premises. The

air pollution control measures like reverse pulse jet type bag filters and ventury scrubber

will install and will be operated efficiently. The project proponent will take care of for

floor sweeping in the packing section. Proposal for socio economic upliftment activities

are planned with project activity planning.

Mkkhktþ

«MíkkðLkk :-

«kusuõx (ÞkusLkk) «MÚkkÃkf©e økwshkík hkßÞLkk MkkçkhfktXk rsÕ÷kLkk ¾uzçkúñk

íkk÷wfk-{kusu økk{ økzw {wfk{u Mkðuo Lkt. 66/27 {kt ykþhu 11,736 [ku.{e. ûkuºkV¤

Ähkðíkku rMk{uLx WíÃkkËLk Ã÷kLx (yuf{) Lkwt ykÞkusLk fhu÷ Au. «kusuõx (ÞkusLkk) hkßÞ

Äkuhe{køko Lkt. 9 Ãkh ykfkh ÷E hÌkku Au fu su rsÕ÷k {wÏÞ {Úkf ®n{íkLkøkh, Ezh yLku

¾uzçkúñkLku òuzu Au.

çkk÷khk{ yLku suMkkuh yÇÞkhý ÞkusLkk Úke 10 rf.{e. Úke ðÄw ËwhLkk ytíkhu W¥kh

Ãkrù{ rËþk{kt ykðu÷ Au. «kusuõx «MÚkkÃkfLku ykÄwrLkf «kiãkurøkfe xufLkku÷kuS Úke Mkss

yuðk Mk{kLk fkÞoþi÷e Ähkðíkk «kusuõxMkLkk [÷kððkLkku AuÕ÷k 10 ð»koÚke ðÄwLkku yLkw¼ð

Au. íkuyku©e ykþhu Yk. 3.15 fhkuzLkk {qzehkufký MkkÚku 1,08,000 {u. xLk ðkŠ»kf

WíÃkkËLk ûk{íkk Ähkðíkku yuf{ MÚkkÃkðk EåAwf Au. rMk{uLx çkLkkððk {kxu [wLkkLkku ÃkÚÚkh,

f÷u, SÃMk{ yLku V÷kÞ yuþ (hk¾) suðku fk[ku {k÷ (hku-r{rxrhÞ÷) ðÃkhkþu. rMk{uLx

WókËLk{kt ykiãkurøkf f[hku suðku fu ÷ku¾tzLkku ÄLk f[hku yuLk V÷kÞ yuþ (hk¾) ðÃkhkþu.

«kiãkurøkfe (xufLkku÷kuS) :-

WÃkhkuõík sýkðu÷ LkeÃks ðirùf heíku Mðef]ík yuðe «[r÷ík ðŠxf÷ þk^x rf÷Lk

«kiãkurøkfe (xufLkku÷kuS) Úke çkLkkðkÞ Au. yk ÃkæÄrík Mkqfe rMk{uLx WíÃkkËLk ÃkæÄrík Au.

ÃkæÄrík{kt fk[k {k÷ (hku {xeheÞ÷)Lkwt ¼hzðwt, Ë¤ðwt, LkkLke økku¤e çkLkkððkLke «r¢Þk,

fuÂÕþLkuþLk, rMk{uLx Ë¤ðkLke «r¢Þk yLku Ãku®føk suðe «r¢Þkyku Mk{krð»x Au. yk yuf

Mðk¼krðf yrðhík «r¢Þk Au.

// 2 //

ÃkæÄrík :-

rMk{uLx WíÃkkËLk{kt MkkiÚke yøkíÞLke rºk-íkçk¬eÞ «r¢Þkyku Mk{krðü Au, su{ fu

fk[k {k÷Lke r{©ý «r¢Þk, ¼êe{kt Âõ÷Lfh çkLkkðx yLku rMk{uLx çkLkkðx. fk[k

{k÷Lke çkLkkðx yLku rMk{uLx çkLkkðx yu rðs¤eLkku ðÄw ðÃkhkþ fhíke «r¢Þkku Au. ßÞkhu

rfÕLfh ¼êeyu rMk{uLx Ã÷kLxLkk {kuxk¼køkLkk çkÄk s çk¤íký ðkÃkhu Au. rfÕLfhLkwt

WíÃkkËLk yu MkkiÚke ðÄw Qòo ðkÃkhíkku íkçk¬ku Au, su fk[k {k÷Lke çkLkkðx{kt ðÃkhkíke

QòoLkku 70 Úke 80 «ríkþík ¼køk ðkÃkhu Au yLku Ë¤ý (økúkE®Lzøk) «r¢Þkðk¤e AuÕ÷u

íkçk¬ku Ãký Wòo ðkÃkhíkku íkçk¬ku Au. {fkLk çkktÄfk{{kt ðÃkhkíkk {k÷{kt rMk{uLxLkku

çknku¤k sÚÚkk{kt ðÃkhkþ ÚkkÞ Au su Mkqrf ÃkæÄríkÚke çkLku Au su{kt ½Lk ÃkËkÚkkuo, ÃkÚÚkhLkk

¼qfkLke nuhkVuhe, yLku hkMkkÞrýf «r¢Þkku Mk{krðü Au. «kusuõx ÃkæÄríkyu ðŠxf÷ þk^x

rf÷Lk «fkhLke Mk{uLx WíÃkkËLk «kiãkurøkfe Au. yk ÃkæÄrík MkkiÚke ðÄw «[r÷ík Au su{kt

çk¤íký ({kuxu ¼køku rLkBLk çkk»Ãkef]ík fku÷Mkku yÚkðk fkuf çkúeÍ) yu fk[k {k÷ MkkÚku

r{r©ík nkuðkÚke ðÄw yLku yufÄkÁ fkÞoûk{ ËnLk ÚkE þfu Au. {kuxk¼køkLkk rMk{uLx Ã÷kLx

ç÷uf {e÷ ÃkæÄrík ykÄkrhík ðŠxf÷ þk^x Âõ÷Lk ðkÃkhu Au.

fk[ku {k÷ :-

fk[ku {k÷ LkSfLkk ðnuÃkkheyku îkhk {u¤ðkþu. [qLkkLkku ÃkÚÚkh LkSfLke ¾uhkus

yLku ytçkkSLke ¾kýku{ktÚke ¾heËðk{kt ykðþu. MÚkkrLkf MÚk¤kuÚke f÷u ¾heËðk{kt

ykðþu. hksMÚkkLk{ktÚke SÃMk{ ¾heËðk{kt ykðþu. fkuf yu òýeíkk WíÃkkËf suðk fu

N.R.E. Limited yÚkðk íkku ðkrýßÞef yLku Mkûk{ økwýð¥kk¼Þko Ãkhðzíkk †kuík

ÃkkMkuÚke ¾heËkþu. ^÷kÞ yuþ (hk¾) íkkÃk rðãwík {Úkf ÃkkMkuÚke ¾heËkþu.

// 3 //

sYrhÞkíkku :-

yuf{Lku Ãkkýe, ðkÞw yLku QòofeÞ ÃkwhðXkLke sYheÞkík Ãkzþu. ík{k{ fk[k

{k÷Lkk Mktøkún {kxuLke sYheÞkíkku yuf{{kt WÃk÷çÄ fhkðkþu. ÃkkýeLkku †kuík ¼qøk¼o s¤

hnuþu. rðs¤eLkku Mºkkuík W¥kh økwshkík rðs ftÃkLke r÷r{xuz, {nuMkkýk hnuþu.

«Ëq»kýLkk †kuík yLku rLkÞtºký fhðkLkk Ãkøk÷kt :-

«kusuõx (ÞkusLkk) «MÚkkÃkf, nðkE «Ëw»kýLkk †kuíkkuLkk WíMksoLkLkwt rLkÞtºký fhíkwt

Þtºk ÷økkðþu. nðkLkw tWíMksoLk fhíke Ãkkt[ r[{Lkeyku Ãkife yuf r[{Lke ðŠxf÷ þk^x

Âõ÷Lk MkkÚku, yuf rMk{uLx r{÷ MkkÚku, yuf hkp-r{÷Lkk W¼k xktfk MkkÚku, yuf nÚkkuzkr{÷

MkkÚku yLku yuf Ë¤ðkLke r{÷ MkkÚku ÷økkðu÷ nþu. r[{LkeLke Ÿ[kE sYrhÞkík {wsçkLke

hnuþu. rhðMko ÃkÕMk sux çkuøk rVÕxMko hkp-r{÷ xktfk, Mk«{krýík r{r©ík {k÷Lkk ¼hðkLkk

xktfk, Ë¤ðkLkk xktfk yLku rMk{uLx r{÷ MkkÚku ÷økkðk{kt ykðþu. ðuLåÞwhe MfçkMkoLku ðŠxf÷

þk^x Âõ÷Lk{ktÚke rLkf¤íkk ðkÞwLkk {køko Ãkh ÷økkððk{kt ykðþu. ¼ktøkVkuz rð¼køk yLku

nÚkkuzk (nu{h) r{÷ {ktÚke ykðíkk yðksLkk †kuík yLku Äq¤ (^ÞwSxeð) WíMksoLkLku

rLkÞtºký fhðk {kxu sYhe Ÿ[kELkk yz[Lk fu yðhkuÄ Q¼k fhðk{kt ykðþu. Ëkýk

çkLkkððkLkk MkkÄLk{kt ðkÞw þkur»kík ÃkkýeLku Vhe WÃkÞkuøk{kt ÷uðk{kt ykðþu. ykiãkurøkf

«r¢Þk Ëhr{ÞkLk fkuEÃký òíkLkwt «Ëwr»kík ÃkkýeLku þwæÄ fhe MkuÂÃxf xUf yLku ¾k¤fqðk

îkhk rLkfk÷ fhðk{kt ykðþu. ËkLk yLku nkrLkfkhf f[hkLku s{eLk{kt þku»ký Lk Úkðk Ëu

íkuðe Mktøkúknf MkwrðÄk WÃk÷çÄ fhðk{kt ykðþu.

ÃkwLk : ðÃkhkþ ÃkæÄrík :-

rMk{uLx Wãkuøk{kt, yLÞ Wãkuøk{kt WíÃkLLk Úkíkk f[hkLku ÃkwLk: ðkÃkhe þfkÞ íkuðe

ûk{íkk hnu÷e Au. ÷ku¾tzLkku ¼qfku, hk¾ yLku SÃMk{ yu rMk{uLx WíÃkkËLk ÃkæÄrík{kt ÃkwLk:

ðÃkhkþ fhðk{kt ykðu Au. «kusuõx «MÚkkÃkf Ã÷kLx Ãkh WÃkh sýkðu÷e ÃkæÄríkLke Mk{ûk

ÃkæÄrík yLku Mktøkún MkwrðÄk WÃk÷çÄ ÚkkÞ íkuðw ykÞkusLk fhþu.

// 4 //

{q¤¼qík ÃkÞkoðhý :-

yÇÞkMk ûkuºkLkk su íku Mk{ÞLkk ÃkÞkoðhýLkwt ðýoLk fhðk {kxu ÃkÞkoðhýeÞ ½xfku

yøkíÞLkk {kÃkËtz Au. 10 rf.{e. Lke rºkßÞk{kt ÃkkýeLkk ½xfku, nðkLkk ½xfku, s{eLkLkk

½xfku, yðks-½kU½kxLkk ½xfku, ÃkrhMkhLkk ½xfku íkÚkk Mkk{krsf-ykŠÚkf ½xfkuLkku

yÇÞkMk fhðk{kt ykðþu. yÇÞkMk ûkuºk{k ÃkkýeLkku {wÏÞ †kuík ¼qøk¼o s¤ Au. yÇÞkMk

ûkuºk{kt nLkkoð LkËe ¾uzçkúñk Lkøkh{ktÚke ÃkMkkh ÚkkÞ Au. ÄhkuE fu{ yÇÞkMk ûkuºkLke çknkh

ykðu÷ku Au.

Mkhuhkþ ðhMkkË ykþhu 400 Úke 650 r{r÷r{xh Au. økwshkík hkßÞLkk

W¥kh¼køk{kt MkkçkhfktXk rsÕ÷ku ykðu÷ku Au, su Mkwfwt ðkíkkðhý Ähkðu Au. ykuõxkuçkh

2008 Úke Vuçkúwykhe 2009 Ëhr{ÞkLkLkk ðhMkkË, ÃkðLkLke økrík yLku rËþk, íkkÃk{kLk,

MkkÃkuûk ¼us íkÚkk ðkË¤ ykðhýLkk yð÷kufLkkuLke yktfzkrfÞ {krníke I.M.D.-

y{ËkðkË {khVík zeMkk MÚkkLkf {kxu {u¤ððk{kt ykðu÷ Au. ÃkðLkLke Mkk{kLÞ rËþk

òLÞwykhe Ëhr{ÞkLk W¥kh-Ãkqðo yLku W¥kh íkÚkk Vuçkúwykhe Ëhr{ÞkLk W¥kh-Ãkqðo, W¥kh-

Ãkrù{, W¥kh Ãkrù{Lkk Ãkrù{ yLku Ãkrù{ níke. òLÞwykhe{kt ÃkðLkLke økrík Mkhuhkþ

0.89 r{./Mku. yLku Vuçkúwykhe{kt 0.79 r{./Mku. hne níke. nðkE økwýð¥kk {kÃkýe ðLk

yLku ÃkÞkoðhý {tºkk÷Þ, ¼khík Mkhfkh©e rLkËuorþík MÚkkLkku {wsçk fhðk{kt ykðe Au yLku

«kusuõx Ãkrhûkuºk{kt nðkE økwýð¥kkLke {kÃkýe 24 f÷kfLkk Mk{Þøkk¤k {kxu çku {rnLkk

MkwÄe fhu÷ Au. yÇÞkMk ûkuºkLke nðkE økwýð¥kk Mkkhe yLku yrÄMkqr[ík òuøkðkELke ytËh

Au. yLku PM10, PM2.5, MkÕVh ykuõMkkEz yLku LkkExÙkusLk ykuõMkkEzLkk «{kýLke

{kÃkýe {kxu nðkLkk Lk{wLkk ÷eÄu÷k Au.

¼qøk¼o yLku WÃkhe MkÃkkxeLkk ÃkkýeLkk Lk{qLkk ykX søÞkyuÚke ÷uðk{kt ykÔÞk Au.

çkÄk s ÃkkýeLkk Lk{qLkk {kuxu ¼køku ÃkeðkLkk ÃkkýeLke «íÞk¼qík økwýð¥kk IS10500 Lke

yrÄMkqr[ík òuøkðkE {wsçkLkk Au.

// 5 //

yÇÞkMk ûkuºkLke s{eLkLkwt ÃkÞkoðhý ÃkrhMkh Mðk¼krðf heíku ðirðæÞef Au.

s{eLkLkk Lk{qLkk yufrºkík fhe íkuLkk ½xf íkíðku{kt Ãk]Úk¬hý fhðk{kt ykÔÞwt Au. yÇÞkMk

ûkuºk{kt f]r»k (¾uzíkh yLku rçkLk¾uzíkh yuðe s{eLk), ÃkÚÚkrhÞku «Ëuþ, ¾uzeLku Ãkzíkh

hk¾u÷ s{eLk, {kLkð ðMkkník ûkuºk, ÃkkýeLkk Mºkkuíkku yu{ ík{k{Lkku yÇÞkMk fhðk{kt

ykÔÞku Au. yÇÞkMk ûkuºk{kt MkkiÚke ðÄw ÷øk¼øk 75% Úke ðÄw s{eLkLke ¼kík-«fkh

{wÏÞíðu ¾uzíkh yLku rçkLk¾uzíkh-Ãkzíkh s{eLkLkku Au. ûkwÃk Ähkðíke s{eLk ykþhu 9%

sux÷ku yÇÞkMk ûkuºk ykðhe ÷u Au. {kLkð ðMkkník 3.30% yLku LkËeLkku ¼køk ykþhu

3.86% Au. sLkøkýLkk 2001 {wsçk yÇÞkMk ûkuºkLkk ykþhu 37.33% ¼køk rÃkÞík,

34.06% ûkuºk rçkLkrÃkÞík yLku Lkfk{wt ¾uzíkh (økwyk[khku yLku WÃkðLk Mk{krðü) ûkuºk

ykþhu 12.79 % Au. ûkuºkLkwt ÃkÞkoðhý rðrðÄ ðLkMÃkríkyku yLku «kýe{kt ðøkeof]ík ÚkÞu÷

Au. ðLkMÃkríkykuLkwt Wøkðwt yLku MÚkkÃkLk Ãkk{ðwt, «¼kðe ð]ûkku, ûkwÃk, WÃkÞkuøke ðLkMÃkrík-

yki»kÄfeÞ yLku hktÄý ðÃkhkþ Lkk ðøko, yLku ðu÷kyku rðøkuhu yÇÞkMk ûkuºk{kt

yð÷kufðk{kt ykÔÞk Au. «MÚkkrÃkík ð]ûkku, ûkwÃkku, WÃkÞkuøke ðLkMÃkríkyku, ðu÷kyku ðøkuhuLkku

Mkkhktþ {q¤¼qqík ÃkÞkoðhý «fhý{kt {wÆkMkh ykøk¤ ðýoðu÷ Au. f]r»k f{o [ku{kMkk WÃkh

ykÄkrhík Au. yk ¼q¼køk{kt [ku{kMkk çkkË yuf Ãkkf ÷uðk{kt ykðu Au, su{kt {wÏÞíðu

rÃkÞík {kxu ûkuºkLkk ¼qøk¼o s¤Lke {ËË ÷uðk{kt ykðu Au.

MkkçkhfktXk rsÕ÷kLkku ¾uzçkúñk íkk÷wfku {wÏÞíðu ¾zfeÞ Au su fu÷ðkhk yLku

yuÂLx÷kLke çkLkkðxku fu su økkuøkwtzk sqÚk yLku íkkuzøkZ sqÚkLkku Au su rËÕneLkk MkwÃkhsqÚkLkk

fwt¼÷økZLkku Au. íkuyku õðkxoÍkEx, çkkÞkuxkEx þex, fuÕf-çkkÞkuxkEx þex, MkkE÷kEx,

fuÕf-SLkurMkMk, fuÕf-þex, {kçko÷ yLku çkkExkEx SLkuMkeMkÚke çkLku÷k Au. «Ëuþ r÷x÷

ytzâw÷uþLkÚke Mk{MÚk¤ Au. yÇÞkMk ûkuºk{kt fkuE fwËhíke støk÷«Ëuþ sýkÞku LkÚke.

// 6 //

sLkøkýLkk 2001 {wsçk, yÇÞkMk ûkuºkLke ðMkíke øke[íkk 721 ÔÞÂõíkyku «rík

[ku.{e. LkkUÄkÞu÷ Au. †eykuLkwt «{ký Ëh 1000 ÃkwÁ»kkuyu 967 Au. yÇÞkMk ûkuºkLke

Mkkûkhíkk ykþhu 38.70% Au. LkkLkk ûkuºk{kt «kÚkr{f þk¤kyku, íkÚkk yÇÞkMk ÷ûk{e

MkwrðÄkyku {¤e hnu Au. çkUf Mkuðk, ËkVíkhe Mkuðk-¾kLkøke Ëkõíkhe Mkuðk íkk÷wfk{kt íkÚkk

{wÏÞ Äkuhe{køkoLke LkSfLkk y{wf økk{ku{kt {¤e hnu Au. MktÃkfo MkwrðÄkyku suðe fu Ãkºk

xu÷eøkúk{, xu÷eVkuLk yLku {kuçkkE÷yu ík{k{ LkkLkk økk{ku{kt WÃk÷çÄ Au. rðs ÃkwhðXku,

hkßÞ ÞkíkkÞkík (ðknLkÔÞðnkh) MkwrðÄkyku íkÚkk çkÄk økk{kuÚke sYhe {køkkuoLke MkwrðÄkyku

WÃk÷çÄ Au.

ÃkqðkoÄkrhík yMkhkuLkku ynuMkkMk :-

Mk{MÚk¤ «Ëuþ {kxu nðkLkk WíMksoLkLke ÃkqðkoÄkrhík yMkhkuLke økýíkheykuLkku

ynuðk÷ økkuMkeÞLk Ã÷{ {kuz÷ ykÄkrhík Au. ÃkqðkoÄkrhík yMkhkuLke {kÃkLk økýíkheyku

«r¢Þk{kt Lkef¤íkk økuMk yLku Äq¤ WíMksoLk ykÄkrhík fhðk{kt ykðu÷ Au. nðkE «Ëw»ký

rLkÞtºký MkkÄLkkuLke Mkûk{íkkLkk fkhýu íku{ktÚke MksoLk Úkíkk hsfýkuLke {kºkk su íku MÚk¤Lkk

hsfýkuLke {kºkkLkk MktË¼o{kt LkrnðíkT nkuÞ Au. ÞkusLkk MÚk¤Úke 500 {e. rºkßÞk{kt

ÃkqðkoÄkrhík hsfýkuLke {kºkkLke {kÃkýe {kxu yuh {kuz÷ªøk MkkuVxTðuh ISCST-3 {kuzu÷

ðÃkhkÞ Au. ÞkusLkk MÚk¤Úke Ërûký-Ãkrù{ rËþk{kt (-321.39, -383.02) PM Lke

MkkiÚke ðÄw ÃkqðkoÄkrhík {kºkk 15.85 yLku 14.58 {kE¢kuøkúk{ «rík ½Lk r{xh {¤e

ykðu÷ Au. ÞkusLkk{kt fkuEÃký òíkLkwt ykiãkurøkf øktËw Ãkkýe WíÃkLLk Úkíkwt Lk nkuðkÚke

ÃkkýeLke økwýð¥kk Ãkh fkuE s yMkh Ãkzþu Lkrn. fk[k {k÷Lkk Mktøkún ûkuºkLke ykMkÃkkMk

sYrhÞkík {wsçkLke Ÿ[kE Ähkðíke rËðk÷ çkLkkððk{kt ykðþu. suLkkÚke s{eLk WÃkh

fk[k {k÷Lkk Zku¤kðkÚke Úkíke nkrLkfkhf yMkh rLkðkhe þfkþu.

ykiãkurøkf yuf{Lkk Ã÷kLxLke Vhíku çkktÄfk{ fhe ykMkÃkkMkLkk rðMíkkh{kt ½kU½kxLkwwt

«{ký ½xkze þfkMku. ½kU½kxLkk yðhkuÄ {kxu ÃkrhMkh{kt ð]ûkku yLku nrhÞk¤e Wøkkzðk{kt

// 7 //

ykðþu. ykÚke LkSfLkk rðMíkkhku{kt ½kU½kxLke {kºkk ½xþu. ykÚke ÃkrhMkhLkk ÃkÞkoðhý

Ãkh fkuE s yMkhku ðíkkoþu Lkrn. rLkÄkorhík ÞkusLkkLkk fkhýu hkusøkkheLke íkfku, ÷Äw fûkkLkk

Wãkuøkku íkÚkk WíÃkkËLk «r¢ÞkykuLkku WËT¼ð Úkþu. LkSfLkk økk{zkykuLkk økúk{sLkku {kxu

Mkk{krsf-ykŠÚkf WíÚkkLk {kxuLkk fkÞo¢{ku fhðk{kt ykðþu. çkktÄfk{ yLku fkÞkor[ík

íkçk¬kyku îkhk MkeÄk yLku ykzfíkhk ðuhkykuÚke hkßÞ íkÚkk ËuþLke ykðf{kt ðÄkhku Úkþu.

ÃkÞkoðhýeÞ «kçktrÄf ykÞkusLkku :-

çkktÄfk{ yLku fkÞkoÂLðík yu{ çktLku íkçk¬kyku {kxu ÞkusLkkYÃk ykÞkusLk fhu÷ Au.

fkÞkoÂLðík íkçk¬k Ëhr{ÞkLk, Ãkkýe ðÃkhkþ yLku nðkLkk WíMksoLkLke çkkçkíkkuLkwt rLkÞ{Lk

fhðk{kt ykðþu. ðkŠ»kf yuf ðkh ½kU½kxLkwt {kÃkLk fhðk{kt ykðþu. fwËhíke sÚÚkkLkk

ðÃkhkþ Úke «Ëq»ký ½xfkuLkwt WíMksoLk ½xkze WòoLkku ðÃkhkþ íkuLkk [ku¬Mk ðÃkhkþ Ëh

fhíkk ½xkze þfkþu. ÃkrhMkh{kt ðhMkkËe ÃkkýeLku yufrºkík fhe ¼qøk¼o{kt WíkkhðkLkwt

ykÞkusLk fhðk{kt ykðþu. rhðMko ÃkÕMk sux xkEÃk çkuøk rVÕxh yLku ðuLåÞwhe MfçkMkoLku

Mkûk{ heíku [÷kððk{kt ykðþu suÚke nðkE «Ëw»ký rLkÞtºký ÚkE þfu. Ãku®føk rð¼køk{kt

Ãkqhíke MkkV MkVkELke fk¤S ÞkusLkk «MÚkkÃkf îkhk ÷uðk{kt ykðþu. ÞkusLkkLkk ykÞkusLk

Ëhr{ÞkLk Mkk{krsf ykŠÚkf WíÃkkËLkLkk fkÞo¢{ku fhðk{kt ykðþu.

// 8 //

þkÂçËf Aýktx :-

Project : ÞkusLkk

Unit : yuf{

Project Proponent : ÞkusLkk «MÚkkÃkf

Technology : «kiãkurøkfe

Raw Material : fk[ku {k÷

Grinding : Ë¤ý

Fly ash : hk¾

Hammer mill : nÚkkuzk r{÷

vi

Acknowledgement

We, Vasudev Associates, had prepared the Environmental Impact Assessment Reports in consultation with Experts and approved Laboratory. The experts involved are Mr. Nirzar Lakhia for Geology and Soil area, Land Use Pattern study area, Dr. D. J. Mavani for Ecology & Biodiversity area. The baseline environment description was carried out by collecting the baseline data, output of field studies, results of samples collected for water, air, and soil. The literature survey was also carried out for the describing the baseline environment. We had also collected the meteorological data from IMD, Ahmedabad. The environmental parameters, air, water, soil and noise were monitored, collected and analysed at M/s Bhagwati Enviro Care Private Limited for one season. The air modeling software was used in consultation with the expert in the air modeling software. The Census 2001 was referred for census related information and infrastructure details.

We are thankful to them who had contributed directly and indirectly for preparing the Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report for M/s Dhara Cement (India) Private Limited. We are thankful the Project Proponent to give co-operation for completing study successfully.

Date: 26-05-2011 Snehal B. Satyapanthi

Place: Ahmedabad Vasudev Associates

vii

List of Tables Table no. Page No. Table 1.1: Number of Reporting Mines 2 Table 1.2: Cement Production & Dispatches (P) 4 Table 2.1: Location of the project site 8 Table 2.2: Proposed Capacity of Cement plant 10 Table 2.3: Raw Material required MT per Month with tentative sources 10 Table 2.4: Water Consumption 16 Table 2.5: Waste water generation 17 Table 2.6: Hazardous / Solid Waste Details 18 Table 2.7: Air Pollution Equipments 19 Table 2.8: Flue Gas Emission Details 21 Table 2.9: Details of Hazardous & Solid Waste Management 21 Table 3.1: Description of Geology of study area 23 Table 3.2: Maximum-Minimum Temperature 24 Table 3.3: IMD data for Temperature and Rain fall 25 Table 3.4: IMD data for Relative Humidity 26 Table 3.5A: IMD data for Wind direction and speed for January 2009 28 Table 3.5B: IMD data for Wind direction and speed for February 2009 29 Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station (AAQM) in the Study area 32 Table 3.7: The Ambient Air Quality of Project site 33 Table 3.8: The Ambient Air Quality of village Gadu 33 Table 3.9: The Ambient Air Quality of vadali 34 Table 3.10: The Ambient Air Quality of village Galodiya 34 Table 3.11: The Ambient Air Quality of village Morad 35 Table 3.12: The Ambient Air Quality of Khedbrahma 35 Table 3.13: The Ambient Air Quality of village Laxmipura 36 Table 3.14 Water Quality Monitoring Sampling Locations 36 Table 3.15: The analysis of Water sample from study area (1) 37 Table 3.16: The analysis of Water sample from study area (2) 38 Table 3.17: Drinking Water Standards as per IS 10500 39 Table 3.18: Soil Sampling Locations 40 Table 3.19: Analysis results of soil samples collected from study area 40 Table 3.20: Land Use Pattern in 10 km radius 41 Table 3.21: Land Use Pattern of the Study area 57 Table 3.22: Noise Level Standards 42 Table 3.23: Nose Level values of study area 43 Table 3.24: Population Data of Study area 44 Table 3.25: Literacy and Employment Data of Study area 48 Table 3.26: Amenitities in Study area (Part I) 51 Table 3.27: Amenitities in Study area (Part II) 54

viii

Table 3.28: The villages and taluka centers studied for Flora and Fauna 62 Table 3.29: Methodology for biodiversity status of the study region 63 Table 3.30: Dominant tree species in the study area 64 Table 3.31: Dominant shrubs in the study area 65 Table 3.32: Herbaceous species observed in the area 65 Table 3.33: Dominant climbers in the study area 66 Table 3.34: Major Crop Pattern in study area (Census 2001) 71 Table 3.35: Medicinal Plants in the study area 68 Table 3.36: Systematic lists of Birds in the study area 69 Table 3.37: Butterflies in the study area 69 Table 3.38: Reptiles in the study area 70 Table 3.39: Mammals from the study area 70 Table 4.1: Basis of emission rate calculations 76 Table 4.2: Emission Source Co-Ordinates 77 Table 4.3: Wind speed roughness exponent for urban and rural area 80 Table 4.4: Parameters used to calculate Pasqull-Gifford y (m) 83 Table 4.5: Parameters used to calculate Pasqull-Gifford z(m) 84 Table 4.6: Relationship between and stability class 85 Table 4.7: The 1st highest 24-hr average concentration values of

SPM in µg/cum 87 Table 4.8: Maximum Computed GLCs values 88 Table 5.1: Proposed Air Pollution Control Measures and Estimated

Cost in Rs. 94 Table 5.2: The summary of Environmental Management Action Plan for Project

Proponent 99

ix

List of Figures and Maps Map 2.1: Location of Project in state Gujarat 09 Figure 2.1: Block Diagram for Cement Manufacturing (Mini Plant) Vertical

Shaft Kiln Technology 15 Figure 3.1: Chart showing wind direction and frequency (October) 30 Figure 3.2: Chart showing wind direction and frequency (November) 30 Figure 3.3: Chart showing wind direction and frequency (December) 31 Figure 3.4: Chart showing wind direction and frequency (January) 31 Figure 4.1: Wind rose diagram for the month of January 2009 86 Figure 4.2: Image shows the point of maximum impact concentration of

SPM at ground level 88

x

List of Annexure

Annexure 1 Google image showing the location of Balaram Sanctuary and

Jessore Sanctuary Annexure 2 Balaram Sanctuary & Jessor Sanctury maps Annexure 3 Google image showing the nearest human settlement Annexure 4 Layout Plan Annexure 5 Photograph showing green belt development activity at site Annexure 6 Plan showing 10 km study area map with village boundary Annexure 7 Image showing Location of the Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Stations Annexure 8 Land Use Pattern of the Study area in 10 km radius Annexure 9 Isopleths of 1st highest 24-hr average concentration values of SPM Annexure 10 The overlapped Isopleths on Google Image of the 24-hr average

concentration values of SPM Annexure 11 Estimated cost for Environment Management Annexure 12 Photographs of few of trees and birds in study area Annexure 13 Organization chart with role and responsibility of member in

Environmental Management Cell

xi

Abbreviations

AAQ: Ambient Air Quality AR: Analytical Reagent FDI: Foreign Direct Investment GDP: Gross Domestic Product HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography IS: Indian Standards IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature MT: Metric Tonnes NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standards SSI: Small Scale Industry

xii

Index as per Terms of Reference

No. TOR

Reference in EIA report

Chapter no.

Section, Sub Section,

table, annexure, figure no.

Page no.

1 Project site specific details such as distance of the proposed site from the nearest (1) habitation (2) river/ lake/ pond/canal (3) national highway (4) state highway (5) railway line (6) heritage site (7) wildlife protected area etc shall be included in the EIA report to be prepared covering one season(other than monsoon) data.

2

2.4

9

2 Details of alternative site analysis with justification for selection of the present site with technical reasons including the likely impact of the air pollution vis-à-vis wind direction, impact on flora-fauna etc for the proposed project

1 1.6

5

3 Present land used pattern with in 10kms radius from project boundary based on satellite imagery.

3

3.8 (Annexure

VIII)

41

4 Detailed study on the hydrology of the area and likely impact on ground water in the area due to proposed ground water withdrawal. Necessary permission from the competent authority for the extraction of the ground water.

4 4.2 89

5 Detailed water balanced diagram (including recycle-reuse, if any)

2 2.10.2 17-18

6 Details of storm water drainage, management and disposal of surface runoff contaminated with cement dust, measures proposed to avoid contamination of the storm water as well as restricting the contaminated storm water not allowing it to flow out of premises.

5 5.3.2 95

7 Base line status of ambient air quality and modeling indicating the likely impact on ambient air quality due to the proposed activity. The details of model used and input parameters used for modeling should be provided.

4 4.1.2 Annexure 9

and 10

75-88

8 Detailed manufacturing process. Explore possibility of reuse/ recycler and other cleaner production options for reduction of wastes.

2

2.8 12

xiii

No. TOR


Chapter no.



Page no.

9 Strategy for the implementation of the Cleaner Production activities along with a write up on possibility of using of high calorific hazardous wastes in kiln and commitment regarding use of hazardous waste in the process

5 5.3.3 95-96

10 Details of sources of raw materials. How it will be ensured that lime stone is obtained only from those mines having valid consent from Gujarat Pollution Control Board

2 2.6 11

11 Details of all possible sources of air pollution along with mitigation measures. Air pollution control measures proposed to control the air pollution along with the technical aspects thereof and the commitment of the management to maintain and run the same during the operational phase of the project. The design of such APCM shall be approved / authenticated through the institutes like L.D college of Engineering, NPC and institutes of similar repute.

2, 5

2.9.1 5.3.1

Table 5.2

16 93-95 100

12 The impact due to fugitive emissions including that because of transport activities and mitigation measures thereof need to be elaborated.

5 5.3.1.2 93-95

13 Explore feasibility for floor sweeping of premises with vacuum cleaner device for reducing fugitive dust emission.

5 5.3.1.2 93-95

14 Base line status of flora, fauna and biodiversity in the study area and impacts of the proposed activity of the same.

3 4

3.11 4.6 (4.1.4 &

4.1.5)

62-73 91

(88-89)

15 Base line study of the noise level of the project site. Details of all possible sources of noise pollution, its magnitude and mitigation measures proposed to control it including engineering and other controls.

3

3.9 42-43

16 A detailed EMP including the protection and mitigation measures for impact on human health and environment as well as detailed monitoring plan and environment

5 5.3 & Annexure 13

93-101

xiv

No. TOR


Chapter no.



Page no.

management cell proposed for implementation and monitoring of the EMP. The EMP should also include the concept of waste minimization, recycle/ reuse/ recover techniques, energy conservation and natural resource conservation. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum earmarked for environment pollution control measures.

17 Occupational health impact on the workers and its mitigation measures. Details with respect to the safety precautions proposed to avoid the human health hazards especially due to silica and cement dust along with the personal protective equipment to be provided to the workers.

5

Table 5.2 100-101

18 Detailed work area monitoring plan including the cement dust and silica dust exposure measurement and control. Plan for periodic medical examinations of the workers exposed.

5

Table 5.2 100-101

19 Details of safety control measures proposed to mitigate the risks and hazards.

2 2.12 22

20 Detailed greenbelt development plan as per CPCB guidelines giving details of number of trees, area of the greenbelt marked on the layout plan, types of species to be planted and the year wise schedule of greenbelt development and budgetary outlay should be incorporated.

2

5

2.14 Annexure 5

5.3.7

22

99-100

21 Details of scheme for surface as well as roof top rain water harvesting and ground water recharge shall be incorporated. The company should harvest entire quantity of rainwater from the rooftops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and to use the same water for the various activities of the project to conserve fresh water and in no case, the rain water should be allowed to discharge outside the factory premises. Before discharging the surface run-off, pretreatment should be done to remove suspended matter.

5 5.3.2 95

xv

No. TOR


Chapter no.



Page no.

22 Proposal for socio economic upliftment activities along with time bound action plan and cost should be included.

5 5.3.6 97-99

a

CONTENT

Details Page No. Executive Summary i to v Acknowledgement vi List of Table v to viii List of figures and Maps ix List of Annexure x Abbreviation xi Index as per Terms of Reference xii to Index Chapter 1 Introduction 1-7 1.1 Present Industrial Scenario 1 1.2 Economy 2 1.3 Cement Sector and its Importance 2 1.4 Strategic placement of small scale cement manufacturer in Market 4 1.5 Significance of Environmental Clearance 4 1.6 Alternative site selection study 5 1.7 Chapter Details 5 1.8 Objective of study 6 1.9 Scope of Study 6 1.10 EIA Consultant details 7

Chapter2 Project Details 8-22 2.1 Background of Cement Industry 8 2.2 Nature of Industry 8 2.3 Need of Project 8 2.4 Location 9 2.5 Technology 11 2.6 Raw Materials and Product 11 2.7 Utilities 12 2.7.1 Water 12 2.7.2 Heat 12 2.7.3 Air 12 2.7.4 Power supply 12 2.7.5 Fuel 12 2.7.6 Storage Facilities 12 2.8 Process Description 12 2.9 Source of Pollution 16 2.9.1 Air 16 2.9.2 Water 16 2.9.3 Hazardous Waste and Solid Waste 17 2.9.4 Noise 17 2.10 Classification of Pollution 17

b

2.10.1 Air 17 2.10.2 Water 17 2.10.3 Noise 18 2.10.4 Hazardous Waste 18 2.11 Pollution Control Measures 19 2.11.1 Water 19 2.11.2 Air 19 2.11.3 Solid and Hazardous Waste re use, recycling and disposal

Management 21 2.12 Safety 22 2.13 Layout Plan 22 2.14 Green Belt 22 Chapter 3 Baseline Environment 23-73 3.1 Environmental Data Source 23 3.2 Geology of Study Area 23 3.3 Climate 24 3.4 Meteorology of Study Area 24 3.4.1 Data collection 24 3.4.2 Observations 24 3.5 Air Environment 32 3.5.1 Selection of sampling location 32 3.5.2 Monitoring Schedule 32 3.5.3 Monitored results 32 3.6 Water Environment 36

3.6.1 Methodology for sampling and analysis 36 3.6.2 Comments on Water quality of study area 38

3.7 Soil Environment 40 3.7.1 Soil Characteristics 40 3.8 Land Use Pattern 41 3.9 Noise Environment 42 3.10 Socio-Economic 43 3.11 Flora and Fauna of the study area 62 3.11.1 Introduction 62 3.11.2 Period of the study area 62 3.11.3 Methodology 62 3.11.4 Topography of study area 63 3.11.5 Floral diversity of study area 63 3.11.6 Faunal biodiversity of study area 68 3.11.7 Status of the forest, their category in the study area 71

Chapter 4 Impact Analysis 74-91 4.1 Air Emission 75 4.1.1 Source of air pollution 75 4.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Modeling 75 4.1.3 Results of the ISCST-3 Model 85

c

4.1.4 Effect of Particulate Matters on Materials, Vegetations, Animals and Human Being 88

4.1.5 Effect of Sulphur Dioxide on Materials, Vegetations, Animals and Human Being 89

4.2 Water Environment 89 4.3 Land environment 90 4.4 Noise Environment 90 4.5 Socio-Economic Environment 90 4.6 Flora and Fauna Environment 91 Chapter 5 Environmental Management Plan 92-101 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 Environmental Management Cell 92 5.3 Impact Mitigation Technique 93 5.3.1 Air 93 5.3.1.1 Mitigation techniques for process emission 93 5.3.1.2 Mitigation techniques for Fugitive emission 93 5.3.2 Water 95 5.3.3 Hazardous/ Solid Waste Management 95 5.3.4 Soil 96 5.3.5 Noise 96 5.3.6 Socio-economic Environment 97 5.3.7 Green belt development 99 Chapter 6 Disaster Management Plan 102-109 6.1 Objectives of the plan 102 6.2 Disaster Management Team 103 6.3 Available Infrastructure 106 6.4 Available Emergency Services 107 6.5 Offsite Plan 108 Details about the EIA Consultant 110-123 Annexure 124-136

EIA STUDY REPORT FOR DHARA CEMENT (INDIA) PVT. LTD.

1

EIA REPORT PREPARED BY VASUDEV ASSOCIATES, AHMEDABAD

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Present Industrial Scenario:

The Industrial Policy of India fueled rapid increase in the various sectors in all verticals. The Government of India's liberalized Industrial Policy which aims for rapid and substantial economic growth and integration with the global economy in a harmonized manner. The Industrial Policy reforms have reduced the industrial licensing requirements, removed restrictions on investment and expansion, and facilitated easy access to foreign technology and foreign direct investment.

The Government is giving highest priority to agriculture and allied sector. India has become the world's largest producer across a range of commodities due to its favorable agro-climatic conditions and rich natural resource base. India is the largest producer of coconuts, mangoes, bananas, milk and dairy products, cashew nuts, pulses, ginger, turmeric and black pepper. It is also the second largest producer of rice, wheat, sugar, cotton, fruits and vegetables. India is a very vast and extensive country; it spreads over an area of 3.29 million square kilometers, making it the seventh largest country in the world. The mining industry is the backbone of Industries in India, since it is the main source of raw material for most of the industries. India produces as many as 84 minerals comprising 4 fuels, 11 metallic, 49 non metallic and 20 minor minerals. Service sector is the lifeline for the social economic growth of a country. It is today the largest and fastest growing sector globally contributing more to the global output and employing more people than any other sector. The real reason for the growth of the service sector is due to the increase in urbanization, privatization and more demand for intermediate and final consumer services. Availability of quality services is vital for the well being of the economy. In advanced economies the growth in the primary and secondary sectors are directly dependent on the growth of services like banking, insurance, trade, commerce, entertainment etc. In alignment with the global trends, Indian service sector has witnessed a major boom and is one of the major contributors to both employment and national income in recent times. Trading, transportation and communication, financial, real estate and business services, community, social and personal services come within the strategy of the service industry. The Indian economy has moved from agriculture based economy to a knowledge based economy. Today the IT industry and ITE'S industry are the dominant industry in the service sector. Media and entertainment have also seen tremendous growth in the past few years.


2


1.2 Economy

Agriculture is one of the strongholds of the Indian economy and accounted for 14.2 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010-11. The total geographical area of India is 328.7 million hectares of which 140.3 million hectares is net sown area, while 193.7 million hectares is the gross cropped area, according to the Annual Report 2009-10 of the Ministry of Agriculture.

According to data released by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, the services sector (financial and non-financial) attracted foreign direct investments (FDI) worth US$ 2,596 million between April and November 2010 while the cumulative FDI between April 2000 and November 2010 has been US$ 26,197 million, accounting for 21 per cent of the total FDI inflow.

Indian mining industry is characterized by a large number of small operational mines. The number of mines which reported mineral production (excluding minor minerals, petroleum (crude), natural gas and atomic minerals) in India was 2628 in 2010-11 as against 2999 in the previous year. Out of 2628 reporting mines, 377 were located in Gujarat.

Table 1.1 Number of Reporting Mines Sector 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

All Minerals 3150 2999 2628 Coal (including Lignite) 574 574 574 Metallic Minerals 719 700 608 Non-Metallic Minerals 1857 1725 1446

1.3 Cement Sector and its Importance

Cement is one of the core industries which plays a very important role in the growth and expansion of a nation. It is basically a mixture of compounds, consisting mainly of silicates and aluminates of calcium, formed out of calcium oxide, silica, aluminium oxide and iron oxide. The demand for cement depends primarily on the rate of activities in the business, financial, real estate and infrastructure sectors of the economy. Cement is considered preferred building material and is used worldwide for all construction works such as housing and industrial construction, as well as for creation of infrastructures like ports, roads, power plants, bridges, dams, stadiums, etc. Indian cement industry is globally competitive because the industry has witnessed healthy trends such as cost control and continuous technology upgradation.


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The Indian cement industry is extremely energy intensive and is the third largest user of coal in the country.

The Indian cement industry is the second largest producer of quality cement. Indian Cement Industry is engaged in the production of several varieties of cement such as Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement (PBFS), Oil Well Cement, Rapid Hardening Portland Cement, Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement, White Cement, etc. They are regulated to produce strictly as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications and their quality is comparable with the best in the world.

The Indian cement industry is the second largest in the world. The industry occupies an important place in the national economy as it shares large links with other sectors like construction, transportation, coal and power. Cement industry in Gujarat plays an important role in the economic and infrastructure development of the State. It also provides employment to thousands of people.

Key Drivers of Cement Industry

Buoyant real estate market Increase in infrastructure spending in budgets Various governmental programmes like National Rural Employment Guarantee Low-cost housing in urban and rural areas under schemes like Jawaharlal Nehru

National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) and Indira Aawas Yojana. (www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/industry)

India is the second-largest cement producer in the world, with an installed capacity of about 236 million tonnes (MT) in 2009–2010. The sector is expected to add an additional capacity of 92.3 MT by 2013. As a result, the industry will have a total installed capacity of 383.5 MT by March 2013.

During January 2011, the cement production touched 14.52 MT, while the cement dispatches quantity was 14.47 MT during the month. The total cement production for April-January 2010-11 reached 136.51 MT as compared to 130.85 MT over the corresponding period last fiscal. Further, cement dispatches also witnessed an upsurge from 130.09 MT during April-January 2009-10 to 135.56 MT during April-January 2010-11. (Source: India Brand Equity Foundation)

Dispatches were estimated at 135.56 million tonnes during April to January 2010-11 whereas during the same period for the year 2009-10, it stood at 130.09 million tonnes.


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Statistics

Table: 1.2 Cement Production & Dispatches (P)

Description Jan-11 Dec-10 Jan-10 2010-11 2009-10

(Apr-Jan) Cement Production

(Million tonnes) 14.52 13.59 14.65 136.51 130.85

Cement Dispatches (Million tonnes) 14.47 13.60 14.59 135.56 130.09

Source: Cement Manufacturers’ Association

1.4 Strategic placement of small scale cement manufacturer in Market

An increased outflow in infrastructure sector, by the government as well as private builders, has raised a significant demand of cement in India. It is the key raw material in construction industry. Also, it has highly influenced those bigger companies to participate in the growing sector. At least 125 plants set up by the big companies in India with about 300 other small scale cement manufacturers, to fulfill the growing demand of cement. Being one of the vital industries, the cement industry contributes to the nation’s socioeconomic development. The sum total utilization of cement in a year indicates the country’s economic growth.

1.5 Significance of Environmental Clearance

Environmental Impact is any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of new set of actions under consideration. The city of today is a major performer for the secondary sector of the economy. Manufacturing and processing facilities not only provide the city with the essential commodity inputs but also provide the means of living for the general public. Of late, ad-hoc decisions for industrial development have led to an adverse impact on the local environment at costs which are much higher than the benefits actually accrued. In view of the deteriorating environmental conditions in and around industrial townships, it has become necessary to account for the environment while planning for such areas. Environmental Assessment is taken up in this exercise as a rapid assessment technique for determining the current status of the environment and identifying impact of critical activities on environmental parameters. Based on this analysis we can draw up an Environmental Management Plan that would ensure impact monitoring and mitigation planning.


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Primary attention would be given to those factors most evidently affected, such as effects on the resources base, including land, water quality and quantity, air quality, public services and energy supply, as well as other environmentally critical areas.

Presently, project proponent proposes mini cement plant, looking to supply the market need, availing tax benefit (being small scale unit), to satisfy the future requirement as there are demands for huge infrastructure development projects in Asian countries including India. According to EIA notification dated 14th September 2006, by Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF), Government of India, Cement plants having capacity less than 1.0 million tonne/annum production capacities is falling under prescribed schedule, requires Environmental Clearance of project. The Cement plant, proposed by project proponent, is falling under category of 3(b) “Cement Plants”, shall require Environmental Clearance under new EIA Notification 2006.

1.6 Alternative site selection study:

As part of deciding the type of unit and sector selected, we had studied and approached alternative sites for mini cement plant. We had studied in GIDC-Khedbrahma and in Industrial area at Bharuch District. In GIDC-Khedbrahma, the plot was adjacent to town Khedbrahma. And in Bharuch, the raw materials purchase was found unfeasible. Finally, the project proponent found this location at survey no. 66/27, village Gadu, Taluka Khedbrahma, District Sabarkantha, suitable for small scale cement manufacturing plan. The raw materials availability is within 50 km. The market is also available to the unit.

1.7 Chapter Details

Executive Summary of the EIA Report will provide the details in brief about the project activity, environmental base line details, environmental impact assessment and EMP in brief.

Chapter 1 provides the present industrial scenario and its economic development. It also contains the importance of the Cement sector and its strategic placement in market as a small scale industry. It also shares the objective and scope of study along with the significance of Environment Clearance.

Chapter 2 provides the project proponent M/s Dhara Cement India Pvt. Ltd. Manufacturing Project Details. It includes Location and Description of the site; Technology, Raw Materials and Utilities they used; Process Description; Sources of Pollution, Classification and its Pollution control measures with safety facilities.


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Chapter 3 describes the baseline environment. This includes the air, water, soil, socio-economic, flora & fauna and land used pattern of study area.

Chapter 4 derives the Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed activity.

Chapter 5 evolves the Environmental Management Plan for the proposed activity.

Chapter 6 provides the information about the Disaster Management Plan

Annexure to the report

Details about the EIA consultant and Resource persons

1.8 Objective of study

Intension to take environmental consideration in project To ensure that the proposed activity shall not make any adverse impact to the

baseline environment in study area. verify that impacts are within predicted or permitted limits take action to manage unexpected impacts or other unforeseen changes ensure that environmental benefits are maximized through good practice modify and improve design ensure efficient resource use enhance social economy aspects inform decision-making and condition-setting avoid serious and irreversible damage to the environment Protect human health and safety. To prepare a comprehensive Environment Management plan To guide in preparing Disaster Management Plan for fully operational plant in

pre construction phase To make aware and educate about the environmental significance and to

create culture to project proponent to comply the conditions to be imposed in Environmental Clearance and to unite with Environmental Management plan for post EC compliance.

1.9 Scope of Study

EIA study for Dhara Cement India Pvt.Ltd. to be carried out for proposed project at survey no. 66/27, village Gadu, taluka Khedbrahma, district Sabarkantha. The study includes baseline survey with respect to the major environmental component like air, water, noise, soil, land, biological and socio-economic component. On the basis of these data impact assessment of proposed activities is to be carried out and incorporating such impact assessment, EMP will be prepared.


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1.10 EIA Consultant:

The EIA was carried out by EIA consultant M/s Vasudev Associates. Vasudev Associates is Environmental Consultant working for Dhara Cement (India) Private Limited. The details about the consultant and expert team are shown in EIA consultant details after chapter 6.


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Chapter 2 Project Details

2.1 Background of Cement Industry:

Cement is an inorganic, nonmetallic substance with hydraulic binding properties. Mixed with water it forms a paste, which hardens owing to formation of hydrates. After hardening, the cement retains its strength. There are numerous types of cement because of the use of different sources for calcium and different additives to regulate properties. The exact composition of cement determines its properties (e.g., sulphate resistance, alkali content, heat of hydration), whereas the fineness is an important parameter in the development of strength and rate of setting.

Invention of cement is a history and can be traced in the form of cement as is it used by the Egyptian to construct the Pyramid. During the ancient era the Greeks and Romans used volcanic tuff mixed with lime for cement and number of structure using this so called cement mortar are still standing. In year 1824, Mr. Joseph Aspdin from England had presented artificial cement made by calcinations of an argillaceous limestone. Consequently, nearly 91 percent of the plants are based on the dry process technology with suspension preheaters and precalcinators. Presently, the Small Scale Industry Sector for cement manufacturing is in demand because the infrastructure projects like highways, roads, bridges, harbours, sea-ports, airports, irrigation projects and housing sectors, are given the prime importance by Indian Government in current decade and by planning commission. There for the cement industry is the most important industry and stands next only to steel in promoting a nation’s economy and its social development. In general, the SSI sector accounted for nearly 40 per cent of gross value of output in the manufacturing sector and 35 per cent of total exports from the country. Through over 32 lakh units, the sector provided employment to about 18 million people.

2.2 Nature of Industry:

The Project Proponent is planning to manufacture cement at survey no 66/27, village Gadu, Taluka Khedbrahma, District Sabarkantha, and State Gujarat. The proponent is small scale manufacturer, registered under Small Scale Industries (SSI) unit at District Industries Commissioner, Himmatnagar. The project proponent will manufacture the Portland cement in proposed mini cement project. The project cost for proposed mini cement plant is about Rs. 3.15 Crores.

2.3 Need of Project:

Global cement production is increasing day by day because of the importance of cement as a construction material, and because of the geographic abundance of the main raw materials, cement is produced in virtually all countries. The widespread production is also due to the relatively low price and high density of cement, which in turn limits ground


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transportation because of high transport costs. Overall growth of the Cement industry during last decade is booming and the industry is still expected to maintain a higher growth in the next decade. In India, the Cement industry supplies its majority of the production to the Indigenous Infrastructure development projects. As the export market is opening, the scope for exporting the Indian cement is likely to nearest countries like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and African Countries. The project proponent hence decided to install Mini Cement Project & manufacture & market cement product looking for cater the market need, to satisfy the future requirement.

2.4 Location:

The location of the proposed project is as shown here in table 2.1. The location of the project is shown in map 2.1 below on next page. Table 2.1 Location of the project site:

No. Description Information

1 Latitude 23 59 50.5 N

2 Longitude 73 01 58.1 E

3 Survey No. 66/27

4 Village Gadu

5 Taluka Khedbrahma

6 District Sabarkantha

7 State Gujarat

The site is at the proximity of State Highway no.9 connecting District centre Himmatnagar to towns Idar and Khedbrahma. The Balaram (http://gujenvfor.gswan.gov.in/images/map_balaram-popup.jpg) and Jessor sanctuaries (http://gujenvfor.gswan.gov.in/images/map_jessore-popup.jpg Annexure 1) are located beyond 10 km aerial distance. The Annexure 2 showing the boundaries of Balaram Sanctuary and Jessore Sanctuary area. Village Gadu is located at aerial distance of 1.22 km and nearest human settlement is about 230 meter distance in South-West direction of the project site. There are 16 houses including temporary and permanent type of building within the aerial distance of 500 meter from the project site (Google image Annexure 3). Map 2.1 shows the location of the project area in State Gujarat.


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Map 2.1: Location of Project in state Gujarat

The proposed project is located adjacent to Himmatnagar-Ambaji state highway. National highway no. 8-A is passing through Himmatnagar at about 47 kms in Southern direction of the project site. Village Gadu is located about 1.22 km West direction of the project site. Khedbrahma is the nearest town having railway station, is located about 5.0 km Northern direction of the project site. The nearest


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airport at Ahmedabad is located about 125 kms SSW direction of project site. The nearest port at Kandla is located at about 358 km west direction of the project site.

2.5 Technology

The said product will be manufactured using universally accepted Vertical Shaft Kiln Technology. This process is dry base cement manufacturing process. The process involves various unit operations like, Raw Material Crushing, Grinding, Nodulation, Calcinations, Clinker Grinding, Cement Grinding and Packing. The manufacturing process is continuous in nature. The equipments involved are Crusher, Grinder, Vertical Shaft Kiln, Raw materials & Finished Product Conveyer, Elevators, Silos, Noduliser, Bag Filters, Wet scrubbers etc. The materials of construction of these equipments are compatible to the requirement of the process, properties of chemicals involved in the processes. The conveyers and prime movers used are also selected appropriately to handle bulk materials. The control equipment, piping and assembly are selected according to the requirement of the process.

2.6 Raw Materials and Product

Project Proponent planned to setup manufacturing plant for Cement (Mini Cement plant- Vertical Shaft Kiln technology) having proposed capacity as mentioned below in Table 2.2. The raw materials required for the manufacturing of the cement is described in Table: 2.3 shown below: Table 2.2: Showing the Proposed Capacity of Cement plant

Product Name Capacity, MT/Month Cement (by Mini Plant) 9000

Table: 2.3: Raw Material required MT per Month with tentative sources

Raw Materials Consumption, MT/Month Sources Lime stone 9720 Kheroj & Ambaji Clay 520 local area Gypsum 225 Rajashthan Coke 900 M/s NRE & equivalent Fly Ash (Waste Re-use) 36 Thermal Power Plants Iron Sludge (Waste Re-use) 54 Industry generating

sludge


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2.7 Utilities

The manufacturing process requires utilities like electrical energy, heat energy, resources like water and air etc. For catering this requirement, industry is planning facilities and proposing utilities for their different applications. 2.7.1 Water:

Water will be drawn from ground water by own bore well for water requirement. This will cater the total requirement of proposed project. The total requirement of proposed project will be 32.85 cum/d including domestic, green belt plantation, water sprinkling and industrial requirement.

2.7.2 Heat: The coke mixed with raw materials in nodules form is used in Vertical Shaft Kiln to provide heat for calcinations of raw materials granules and producing the clinkers.

2.7.3 Air: Air will be required to supply air, oxygen in process of burning in vertical shaft kiln. Air blower is used to supply air. The air will be required to handle the dust particles handling in bag filters.

2.7.4 Power Supply: The electrical supply will be catered from Uttar Gujarat Vij Company Limited (UGVCL-one of company emerged from unbundling of Gujarat Electricity Board). The contract demand will be about 450 KVA.

2.7.5 Fuel: No fuel is planned for consumption.

2.7.6 Storage Facilities: Unit is having storage yards for raw materials, clinker & finished product of required capacity.

2.8 Process Description

Cement production is a highly energy-intensive process. Cement making consists of three major process steps (Figure 2.1): raw material preparation, clinker making in the kiln, and cement making. Raw material preparation and cement making are the main electricity-consuming processes, while the clinker kiln uses almost all the fuel in a typical cement plant. Clinker production is the most energy-intensive production step, responsible for about 70%–80% of the total


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energy consumed (1) Raw material preparation and finish grinding are electricity-intensive production steps. The cement is bulk building material, manufactured by dry process involve solid and powder handling operations and chemical reactions. The process technology of the project is vertical shaft kiln type cement manufacturing. This is the most popular type of process used for manufacture of cement through Vertical Shaft Kiln in which the fuel (usually low volatile coal or coke breeze) is inter ground with the raw mix for efficient and uniform burning. Most of the cement plants using Vertical Shaft Kiln are mainly based on the black meal process. Here the kiln feed and fuel preparation requires crushing and grinding operations, like:

(1) Crushing of limestone, coal and additives in a hammer mill (2) Storing the crushed raw materials in storage silos. (3) Proportioning and grinding the raw materials in a grinding mill. (4) Homogenizing and storage of raw meal in blending and storage sections.

The vertical shaft kilns are fed with raw mix of appropriate composition in the form of nodules. The successful operation of shaft kiln, to a great extent, depends upon the size of nodules, their uniformity, porosity and thermal stability. The noduliser consists of an inclined disc or pan rotating about its axis. Raw material in homogenized and in adequate proportioned is charged into nodulizer by means of bucket elevator and water is sprayed, while all the parameters are maintained at optimum conditions. A specially designed rotating scraper continuously cleans the bottom and the collar of the drum of the raw meal deposited. The nodules slide down the chute and are charged in the vertical shaft kiln evenly all around the periphery continuously with the help of a rotary feeder situated on the top of the kiln. The vertical shaft kiln in which the nodules are converted into clinker consists of a cylindrical shell with conical portion at the top and lined with refractory bricks. The sintering is normally complete within the conical portion, which is specially designed to accommodate for shrinkage of nodules. The various zones of reaction starting from the top of the kiln are; the drying zone, the calcining zone, the sintering zone and the cooling zone. The combustion air supplied by twin lobe type blower ascending from below in the cooling zone absorbs heat from the descending clinker. The whole kiln charge composed of unburnt nodules and clinker rests on a flat grate rotating slowly at the bottom of the kiln and mounted over the kiln shaft. The grate is driven with the help of variable speed motor in order to control the discharge rate of clinker. The clinker is finally taken out of kiln bottom with the help of discharge gates. The vertical shaft kiln in which the nodules are converted into clinker consists of a cylindrical shell with conical portion at the top and lined with refractory bricks.


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The sintering is normally complete within the conical portion, which is specially designed to accommodate for shrinkage of nodules. The stage-wise process description is as below: Raw Materials Crushing: The main raw materials are limestone, coke and clay and will be purchased from market in bulk. These raw materials will be crushed separately in suitable hammer mills to a state of coarse particles size and will be stored in separate silos. Raw Mills Grinding: Raw materials from silos will further be crushed in raw mill in proper proportion, to get the fine powder and conveyed to raw mix blending silo for homogenized mix. The mix is feed to noduliser to form the nodules. Noduliser: Water will be added, at a controlled proportion, in inclined type Noduliser pan to make nodules. The nodules will be thoroughly mixed in blending silos and stored in storage silos. The granules will be transferred to calcinations process. Calcination Process: (Vertical Shaft Kiln Technology): The calcinations process will be of Vertical Shaft Kiln Technology. The granules will be charged in to kiln by means of bucket elevator. The coke will be burnt from bottom and will release the heat to keep the temperature of mass between 1200oC to 1500oC. This will ultimately form the cement clinkers. Clinker Grinding: Cement clinkers from vertical shaft kiln will be transferred to clinker storage yard. The clinker will be crushed in Clinker Crusher. Cement Mill: Crushed clinker mixed with, 2 to 5 % of its weight, Gypsum to decrease its setting time, will be charged to Cement Grinding Mill through bucket elevator. This will be the finished product, known as Cement that will be in fine powder form. This cement will be thoroughly blended in Blending Silos and then finally be stored in Storage Silos. Packing Plant: The cement will be conveyed to packing plant for bagging, packing and loading & dispatch operation.


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Figure 2.1 Block Diagram for Cement Manufacturing (Mini Plant) Vertical Shaft Kiln Technology

Noduliser

COKE

CLAY


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2.9 Source of Pollution

The main source of air pollution in cement plant is due to bulk powder handled in each stage of the cement manufacturing process starting from receiving lime stone to finally packing of the cement. The cement dust, although apparently non hazardous, still creates nuisance to the surrounding atmosphere Source of emission: The emission sources are described here for each pollutant applicable to this industrial sector. 2.9.1 Air: There are two major sources of air pollutants i.e. stationary and fugitive type.

(1) Stationary Emission Crusher & Raw Mill: The dust is generated during the grinding of

raw materials like lime stone, coke and clay etc. The emission from this crusher & raw mill are collected in Bag Filters and will be re-used in process as they are raw materials.

Vertical Shaft Kiln: During the formation of clinker in the kiln, there is a dust emission from the stack attached to it.

Cement Mill: Clinker is fed to the cement mill along with gypsum where it is grinded to the required particle size to convert it into cement. The cement mill section will generate dust emission.

Cement Storage: The finished goods handling will generate the fugitive emission within the cement storage. Here, due to bulk handing, the fugitive emission will be observed.

(2) Fugitive Emission There is a potential of fugitive emission from the open sources such as raw material receiving and handling section, yard for Coke, Lime Stone and Gypsum etc. The fugitive emission will also source from vehicles movement within factory premises and conveyers and bucket elevators during operations.

2.9.2 Water: The waste water generation will be only from domestic use. The scrubber media from Kiln will be reused in making nodulizers. There is no industrial wastewater generation potential from cement manufacturing engaging Vertical Shaft Kiln technology.


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2.9.3 Hazardous Waste and Solid Waste: Hazardous / solid waste is output of processes and utilities generate discarded solid, semi solid mass having physical, chemical, biological and /or non-radioactive properties. 2.9.4 Noise: The sources of noise at industrial activities are generated at points near to prime movers, grinding unit, crushers, and mills and due to vehicular movement in unit.

2.10 Classification of Pollution

2.10.1 Air Manufacturing process involves various operations & process operations and applications of different utilities. Resulting two different emissions from unit e.g. process gas emission and fugitive emission. The details, including stack, and air pollution control measures, are described in sub section 2.11.2 for emission for proposed project. 2.10.2 Water Various operation & processes like Nodulation, Wet Scrubber and Calcinations require water. The water is also required for domestic application including sprinkling, plantation & gardening purpose within the premises. The water consumption of the unit is given in Table: 2.4 Table 2.4: Water Consumption KL/Day

No Category Consumption, in KL/day

1 Domestic purpose A Domestic use 1.35 B Sprinkling, Plantation & gardening 16.46

Domestic Total 17.81 2 Industrial purpose

Make Up water in Venctury Scrubber including water requirement for Nodulizer

15.00

TOTAL 32.81

The water will be sourced from ground water. The waste water quantities are shown in Table: 2.5


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Table 2.5: Waste water generation

No Category Consumption, in KL/day

1 Domestic purpose, (including plantation & gardening)

1.21

2 Industrial purpose 0.00

TOTAL 1.21

The wet scrubber scrubbed water will be re-used in nodulisers. Quality of Scrubbed Water: The waste water quality, of the scrubbed wastewater which will be reused in noduliser, will be having neutral pH, containing 8 to 11 % w/w concentration of suspended solid, and total dissolved solids of about 3,500 to 4,000 ppm concentration. The scrubbed water will be reused directly in to the noduliser as the scrubbed water will contain the solids particles formed from the clinker process. The property of solids will be homogenous in nature to make the nodules in noduliser. 2.10.3 Noise The noise is generated from pumps, air blower, crusher, granulators, raw mill and cement mill, bucket elevator and conveyer belts etc. The noise level just outside the unit was 44.5 dB in the green field site, 62.0 dB during heavy vehicle movement on adjacent road during day time and 41.0 dB during night time. The overall noise level in and around the plant area is kept well within the standards by providing noise control measures including engineering control like acoustic insulation, hoods, silencers, enclosures etc. on all source of noise generation. The ambient noise level is conformed to the standards prescribed under Environment (Protection) Act & Rules, 1986. 2.10.4 Hazardous waste The hazardous waste sources and other details are summarized in table 2.6. Table: 2.6 Hazardous / Solid Waste Details

No Type of Hazardous waste Source

Category as per Haz Waste

Rules, 2008

Quantity, MT/

month

Physical form

1 Used/spent Oil Prime Movers 5.1 50 lit/year Liquid

2 Discarded Bags Storages 33.3 1000 Nos./yr Solid


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2.11 Pollution Control Measures

2.11.1 Water The waste water generation will be only from domestic use. The domestic wastewater will be treated through Septic Tank, and disposed off through Soak Well. There is no industrial wastewater generation potential from cement manufacturing engaging Vertical Shaft Kiln technology. Water is used only for blending raw mix to convert it into nodules. The quantity of water used for nodulator is about 15 cum/day. The water used will be burnt off and evaporated out during the clinker manufacturing in Kiln. Another use of water will be in wet scrubber to make up for evaporation loss. This wet scrubber is used for scrubbing kiln exhaust gases which utilizes water as scrubbing media. After subsequent de-dusting, this dust laden scrubbed water is used for nodules preparation. Water consumption for this purpose is about 15.00 cum/day. So, in view of above, there is no generation or discharge of industrial wastewater, which will require further treatment and disposal. In total, water required for wet scrubber evaporation loss and nodules preparation is about 15.00 cum/days, and major part of the quantity gets evaporated out in the from of water vapors to environment and balance will retained with product mass as moisture. 2.11.2 Air The necessary air pollution control equipments are tabulated in following Table.2.7. Table 2.7: Air Pollution Equipments

No. Section Type of Air pollution control

measures 1 Crushing Section And Raw Material

Silos -Reverse pulse jet type bag filter -Enclosures for Hammer Mill and Crusher

2 Raw Mill and Blending Silo Two nos. of Reverse pulse jet type bag filters

3 Vertical Shaft Kiln Exhaust Wet Scrubber 4 Clinker Crusher & Cement Mill Feed

Hopper Common facility of Reverse pulse jet type bag filter 5 Cement Blending Silo & Packing

Section


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Emission Control Measures: The unit will take care of emission by adopting latest technology for controlling dust emission from Manufacturing of cement. (1) Stationary Emission Control Measures: All the source of stationary emission such as crusher, raw mill, cement mill and kiln exhaust is provided with adequate air pollution control equipments. Crusher & Raw mill will be provided with high efficiency bag filters. Finally, the grinded raw materials are collected in their respective silos through hopper. Bag filter is provided with fabrics having micron filters, and all the fine dust particles will be collected at the bottom of the bag filters. Cement mill will be provided with bag filter, where dust generated during grinding operation will be collected at the bottom of the bag filter after passing through fabrics having micron filters. Vertical Shaft Kiln is equipped with Wet scrubber as air pollution control equipment. The equipment will designed in a way to achieve the desired limits stipulated by State Pollution Control Board. The wet scrubber works on impingement – entrainment principle to strip and collect dust from gaseous emission. Dust laden stack gas is impringed on water surface and passes through an adjustable water column at a pre-determined velocity. Turbulence is created and dust particles are wetted and captured by fine water droplets and the heavier dust settles in the water. The outgoing gas first strikes on impringement plate, where larger water droplets strikes and drops down. The dust free gas is sucked by an exhaust blower and discharged through the stack. The efficient removal of dust depends on velocity of gases entering the scrubber, proper distribution of gaseous stream with the water column and subsequent watering of dust particles. Clean gas devoid of any dust particles is vented out to environment though a chimney with height of 30 m. so as to ensure maximum dispersal of gas over a larger area for maintaining clean environment. Unit has also developed plantation in all along the periphery of plant so that these trees perform as natural barrier and bring down the fugitive emission and stop carry over of dust along with wind current


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(2) Fugitive Emission Control Measures: The raw material handling conveying systems such as conveyor belts are covered with appropriated hoods. The raw material is stored in shed so that dust is not emitted during transportation of raw material form one point to another. Water is sprinkled over road and adjacent area so that there are no chances of fugitive emission. The air emission details with pollution control measures details are shown in Table 2.8. Table 2.8 Flue Gas Stack Details

No. Stack identification Stack

height in m.

No. of Stacks

Stack diameter in

m.

Exit gas velocity

m/s

1 Crushing Section, Hammer mill and Raw Mill silo and Grinding

15 2 0.15 6.00

2 Cement Mills 30 1 0.15 8.00

3 Vertical Shaft Kiln Exits 30 2 0.80 8.00

The Vertical Shaft Kiln is source of the process air emission. Air emission from the same is considered for the air modeling for Particulate Matters. The particulate matters in cement plant will be above PM2.5 size particles in majority ie.e above 70 % of particle size distribution. The adequate stack height is provided for the emission. And, the Stack monitoring facility is proposed for the same to monitor the gas emission. 2.11.3 Solid and Hazardous Waste re use, recycling and disposal management The cement industry is potential user of wastes from other industrial unit. Same way, it also generates the hazardous waste from the activity. The waste management is summarized here in table 2.9. Table 2.9: Details of Hazardous and Solid waste Management

No

Type of Solid /

Hazardous waste

Waste management details

Treatment Collection Storage Reuse / Recycle Disposal

1 Gypsum - Received in Bulk

Gypsum storage

shed

Used in Cement Mill

(Collecting from gypsum sludge generator and will be re-used)

2 Iron Sludge - Received in Bulk

Iron Sludge

Used in Cement

(Collecting from Iron


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No Type of Solid /

Hazardous Waste management details

storage area

manufacturing

sludge generator and will be re-used)

3 Used/spent Oil - MS/HDPE

Drums

Separate Storage

area

Reuse in plant lubrication

Selling to authorized recyclers

4 Discarded Drums - -

Separate Storage

area -

Returned to raw materials suppliers

5 Discarded Bags - Bags

Separate Storage

area -

Returned to raw materials suppliers

2.12 Safety

Personal Protective Equipments will be provided to workers and its usage shall be ensured and supervised. First Aid Box will be made readily available in the unit. Occupational health surveillance of the workers will be done and its records will be maintained. Pre-employment and periodical medical examination for all the workers is undertaken on regular basis as per Factories Act & Rules.

2.13 The Lay out Plan:

The project will be coming up in area of about 11,736 sqm. The details about the production area, approach road, entry-exit, office building, green belt and common plot area are shown in the lay out plan. Please refer Annexure 4 showing the lay out plan of the project site.

2.14 Green Belt

Green belt is proposed on the peripheral all side boundary of the plant. The approximate area planned is about 2,025 sq.mt for development of green belt. The green belt area developed nicely at site with local tree species in front area. Annexure 5 showing the Green belt development carried out in the unit premises.

EIA STUDY REPORT FOR DHARA CEMENT (INDIA) PVT. LTD

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Chapter 3 Baseline Environment

3.1 Environmental Data Source:

The meteorological data, samples of ambient air quality, water quality, noise levels and soil quality were collected, analysed and monitored by M/s Bhagwati Enviro Care Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad for the study period from December 2010 to February 2011. The meteorological data have been collected & used from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Ahmedabad. The Census data have been taken from “Primary Census Abstract-Census of India 2001, Gujarat”. The data had been collected from Revenue records, statistical department, District Industrial Centre, GEER Foundation, Gandhinagar, and Forest Department etc. 10 km radius around the project site is considered as a study area and is attached as Annexure 6.

3.2 Geology of Study Area:

Geology of Khedbrahma Taluka, Sabarkantha district, Gujarat: The Khedbrahma taluka of Sabarkantha district is mainly occupied by the rocks belonging to the Kelwara and Antalia formations of the Gogunda group and Todgarh formations of the Kumbhalgarh group of the Delhi supergroup. They comprise quartzite , biotite schist, calc-biotite schist, phyllite, calc-gneiss, calc-schist, marble and biotite gneiss. Table 3.1 Description of Geology of study area:

Lithology Formation Group Supergroup Age Granite and Leucogranite with quartzo-feldspathic veins

Sendra-Ambaji Granite

Kumbhalgadh group

Delhi Supergroup

Middle Proterozoic

Epidiotrite, hornblende schist, amphibolites, pyroxene granulite and gabbro

Phulad Ophiolite Suite

Calc gneiss, calc-schist, calcogneiss, impure marble, calcite marble biotite schist, calc-biotite schist, biotite gneiss/migmatites

Todgarh formation

Lower to middle Proterozoic

Biotite schist, calc-biotite schist and phyllite

Kelwara formation

Gogunda Group

Quartzite and Quartz-sericite schist

Antalia formation

The rocks belonging to the Aravalli and Delhi supergroups are strongly deformed under atleast three phases of deformation. The regional trend of the beds and foliations vary from NNE-SSW to NE-SW with steep dips on either side. Epidiorite, hornblende schist, amphibolites, pyroxene granulite and grabbro of the


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Phulad Ophiolite suite are found north of Songarh. The area in the north is intruded by the Sendra-Ambaji Granite.

3.3 Climate:

Gujarat climate is varied as it is moist in the southern districts and dry in the northern districts. District is lying in the northern part of the state and having an arid to semi arid climate. The area of Khedbrahma and Sabarkantha falls under Semi Arid central high land. The average annual daily maximum temperature is 44.4oC and minimum temperature is 5.2oC. During the summer, temperature extremes up to 47.1oC. The mean relative humidity of area is 60 to 65 %. The average annual rainfall is low and it ranges from 400 to 650 mm.

3.4 Meteorology of Study Area:

A general description of the weather which includes, diurnal and seasonal wind patterns (wind direction and wind speed), atmospheric stability and frequency of occurrence is necessary to identify those features of local, sub regional and regional meteorology that influence the air quality in those areas. The description is also helpful identifying the major sources external to the project site that contribute to the local, sub regional and regional degradation in air quality. In the later section of analysis the information is critically assessed to determine those conditions conducive to pollutant impact. The transport and diffusion of pollutant in the atmosphere are chiefly governed by meteorological factors. These indicators not only governs dispersion, diffusion and transportation of air pollutants but capable of altering the nature of air pollutants too.

3.4.1 Data collection: The study period for the EIA was selected from January 2011 to February 2011. The meteorological data are collected from the nearest Station of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Ahmedabad for wind speed, wind direction, temperature, rain fall, humidity and cloud coverage from October 2008 to February 2009.

3.4.2 Observations:

(a) Temperature and Rain Fall: Temperature plays prominent role in advection; convection, dispersion and diffusion of pollutants and it vary

Table 3.2 Maximum-Minimum Temperature Parameters Month Value in oC Maximum temperature January 2009 31.5

February 2009 36.9 Minimum temperature January 2009 6.9

February 2009 10.5

Average of maximum January 2009 28.0 February 2009 32.0

Average of minimum January 2009 10.7 February 2009 14.6


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significant attribute to describe the local environment. The technical term for this parameter is called dry bulb temperature. The maximum and minimum temperatures are shown in Table 3.2. The received recorded data from IMD, Ahmedabad are summarized in Table 3.3.

Table: 3.3 The IMD data for Temperature and Rain fall

Date

January February MaximumTemp, in Deg˚C

Minimum Temp, in Deg˚C

Total Rainfall In

mms

Maximum Temp, in Deg˚C

Minimum Temp, in Deg˚C

Total Rainfall, In

mms 01 29.0 07.8 000.0 30.4 10.8 000.0 02 28.2 06.9 000.0 30.2 11.0 000.0 03 28.1 07.5 000.0 31.6 10.5 000.0 04 29.1 08.6 000.0 30.5 11.5 000.0 05 26.8 10.1 000.0 30.4 13.1 000.0 06 26.0 07.2 000.0 30.4 12.2 000.0 07 25.4 07.0 000.0 29.9 13.5 000.0 08 25.6 09.0 000.0 30.5 14.6 000.0 09 24.6 09.9 000.0 30.5 12.6 000.0 10 24.8 08.8 000.0 30.4 13.5 000.0 11 26.3 09.4 000.0 27.5 11.0 000.0 12 26.6 10.1 000.0 28.0 12.0 000.0 13 27.6 10.8 000.0 30.2 13.4 000.0 14 29.0 12.4 000.0 29.6 14.7 000.0 15 30.3 14.4 000.0 30.7 16.4 000.0 16 28.8 15.4 000.0 30.5 16.4 000.0 17 29.4 14.2 000.0 31.5 14.0 000.0 18 28.0 12.0 000.0 32.2 15.4 000.0 19 27.2 13.0 000.0 33.5 14.6 000.0 20 28.4 12.8 000.0 33.6 15.2 000.0 21 27.4 13.6 000.0 34.7 15.7 000.0 22 28.5 15.4 000.0 36.5 16.3 000.0 23 30.1 DNA 000.0 36.1 16.5 000.0 24 31.5 DNA 000.0 34.3 17.0 000.0 25 30.0 DNA 000.0 33.9 18.6 000.0 26 27.4 DNA 000.0 36.3 18.5 000.0 27 26.5 DNA 000.0 36.3 18.8 000.0 28 28.3 DNA 000.0 36.9 20.0 000.0 29 29.4 DNA 000.0 ------ ------ ------ 30 29.1 11.0 000.0 ------ ------ ------ 31 30.0 10.5 000.0 ------ ------ ------


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(b) Relative Humidity: Moisture in the atmosphere changes the nature and characteristics of the pollutants. Relative Humidity’s (RH) application in EIA is limited as an exquisite variable. Interpretation of possibility of formation of secondary pollutants and growth in size of hygroscopic aerosols can be done if this parameter is known. Air is humid most of the time in the region especially during the beginning of the study period. The average RH was observed increasing with day-time and found saturated in mid night in January month. RH during the period was ranging from 16 % to 93 % for the month of January 2009. During February 2009, it was ranging from 15 %to 82 %. The average RH was 47 % in January 2009 and was 40 % in February 2009. Maximum RH was recorded 93 % for 0.8 % of the time in January 2009, and rain fall was not observed. The received recorded data from IMD, Ahmedabad are summarized in Table 3.4. Table 3.4 The IMD data for Relative Humidity

DATE

JANUARY FEBRUARY 0830 HRS IST

1730 HRS IST

1130 HRS IST

1430 HRS IST

0830 HRS IST

1730 HRS IST

1130 HRS IST

1430 HRS IST

01 064 026 025 025 053 038 039 034 02 055 029 025 018 055 041 036 033 03 064 033 040 022 077 036 049 035 04 070 058 065 054 076 045 049 042 05 077 029 045 038 080 048 050 043 06 054 033 034 024 080 039 053 040 07 054 025 025 021 056 035 042 032 08 049 026 031 023 060 039 041 036 09 056 044 043 042 072 034 041 032 10 079 040 051 040 063 043 055 044 11 084 041 056 036 067 032 040 031 12 077 049 056 048 064 038 037 034 13 074 057 057 049 071 048 057 042 14 080 057 063 053 082 044 047 046 15 068 062 061 053 051 034 030 035 16 083 067 057 051 037 018 019 018 17 082 068 062 060 045 024 027 023 18 093 042 047 035 044 023 028 020 19 064 046 051 029 048 019 019 016 20 067 042 046 035 046 017 024 021 21 061 045 047 033 056 019 018 015 22 063 041 046 038 047 018 022 019 23 061 044 036 027 061 023 028 022 24 061 044 016 034 074 033 040 024 25 082 036 059 035 080 026 045 028 26 086 044 034 043 063 024 034 021 27 077 031 046 033 063 018 026 018 28 070 031 038 031 058 022 030 019 29 074 029 032 031 ----- ----- ----- ----- 30 048 031 032 025 ----- ----- ----- -----


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DATE

JANUARY FEBRUARY 0830 HRS IST

1730 HRS IST

1130 HRS IST

1430 HRS IST

0830 HRS IST

1730 HRS IST

1130 HRS IST

1430 HRS IST

31 052 029 035 027 ----- ----- ----- -----

(c) Wind Direction & Speed: Wind speed is most important meteorological parameter. It shows the direction of transport of pollutants and also the height to which buoyant plume can rise. The direction and wind speed at concern altitude of interest is difficult to measure. Hence, to a first approximation, the measurement are made at fix height near to the ground and extrapolated to the required height using power low profile, where, the value of the exponent depends on the stability of atmosphere. Relevant information is collected from IMD Ahmedabad for the weather parameters of wind speed and direction for January 2009 and February 2009, are shown in Table 3.5 (A) & 3.5 (B).

The prevailing wind direction in January was from NE and N and for February was from NE, NW, WNW and W. The Average wind velocity was recorded as 0.89 mps and 0.79 mps for January and February respectively. (SOURCE: IMD, AHMDABAD)

(d) Wind Rose: Wind rose gives very concise, but information laden view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, the wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing “from” particular direction. The length of each “spoke” around the circle is related to the frequency of the time that the wind blows from a particular direction. Each concentric circle represents different frequency, emanating from zero at the centre to increasing frequencies at the outer circles. Wind rose shown here contain additional information, in that each spoke is broken down in to discrete frequency categories that show the percentage of time that wind blow from a particular direction and at a certain speed ranges. All wind rose shown using 16 cardinal directions, such as (N), NNE, NE, etc. The wind rose diagram is shown in the chapter 4 describing the environmental impact assessment for air environment.

The prevailing wind direction for months October to January is shown in figure 3.1 to 3.4 below. There are sixteen cardinal directions are shown with the frequency of occurrence shown in number. The thick arrows on four sides show major directions, North, South, East and West.


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Table 3.5A: IMD data for Wind direction and speed for January 2009

DATE JANUARY

0830 HRS IST 1730 HRS IST 1130 HRS IST 1430 HRS IST DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD

01 NE 004 NE 008 E 004 NE 010 02 NE 004 CALM 000 E 004 CALM 000 03 NE 004 CALM 000 NE 004 NNW 006 04 NE 004 NNW 006 CALM 000 NNW 008 05 NE 012 NNW 006 NE 018 CALM 000 06 NE 004 CALM 000 NE 004 NE 006 07 ENE 008 N 010 NE 014 N 008 08 ENE 012 NE 010 NE 018 NE 018 09 NE 004 NW 010 N 006 N 012 10 NE 004 NE 012 NE 008 NE 014 11 CALM 000 NNE 010 NE 010 NE 014 12 CALM 000 NW 008 N 004 NW 012 13 CALM 000 CALM 000 NE 006 NE 006 14 NE 006 CALM 000 NE 004 W 006 15 NE 006 SE 006 E 006 SE 010 16 CALM 000 CALM 000 SE 006 CALM 000 17 CALM 000 NNW 008 NE 006 NNW 008 18 NNE 008 NW 010 NE 010 NW 010 19 NE 006 NNW 008 NE 008 N 008 20 NE 004 NW 008 NE 006 N 008 21 ENE 008 CALM 000 N 006 N 006 22 CALM 000 CALM 000 NE 004 NE 008 23 ENE 008 CALM 000 ENE 012 CALM 000 24 NE 004 SE 008 NE 004 SE 012 25 CALM 000 NW 008 CALM 000 WNW 012 26 N 004 NW 004 N 004 N 008 27 CALM 000 N 006 CALM 000 N 006 28 NE 004 N 006 NE 006 N 006 29 NE 004 N 008 CALM 000 W 006 30 NNE 006 N 006 NE 012 NE 006 31 NE 008 NE 008 NE 012 NE 012


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Table 3.5B: IMD data for Wind direction and speed for February 2009

DATE FEBRUARY

0830 HRS IST 1730 HRS IST 1130 HRS IST 1430 HRS IST DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD DIR SPD

01 CALM 000 NW 008 SE 004 NW 010 02 NNE 006 WNW 008 SE 006 SE 008 03 CALM 000 WNW 008 N 004 W 006 04 CALM 000 W 004 WNW 008 SW 006 05 CALM 000 NW 004 W 006 NW 004 06 CALM 000 WNW 008 CALM 000 NE 006 07 NE 012 NW 006 NE 008 SE 006 08 NE 012 NW 006 NE 010 NE 008 09 NE 004 CALM 000 NE 006 CALM 000 10 CALM 000 NW 010 W 008 W 018 11 NNE 006 NE 010 E 012 E 016 12 ESE 008 W 006 CALM 000 WSW 004 13 CALM 000 W 010 N 004 CALM 000 14 CALM 000 NNW 006 SW 004 CALM 000 15 NE 012 NW 006 NE 010 NNE 008 16 ENE 014 NE 008 SE 008 NW 010 17 NE 004 NW 006 NE 004 SSW 006 18 ENE 006 CALM 000 E 012 NE 006 19 CALM 000 CALM 000 NE 008 NNE 008 20 CALM 000 CALM 000 N 004 CALM 000 21 NE 004 CALM 000 SE 006 ESE 006 22 NE 004 NW 008 SE 006 S 006 23 NE 004 W 006 NE 008 WNW 008 24 CALM 000 SSW 006 W 008 WNW 008 25 CALM 000 CALM 000 CALM 000 CALM 000 26 CALM 000 W 010 VRB 004 W 006 27 CALM 000 WNW 012 W 006 NW 008 28 CALM 000 WNW 006 SW 006 NE 008


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FIGURE: 3.1 Chart showing wind direction and frequency (October)

FIGURE: 3.2 Chart showing wind direction and frequency (November)


31


FIGURE: 3.3 Chart showing wind direction and frequency (December)

FIGURE: 3.4 Chart showing wind direction and frequency (January)

An assessment of the existing air quality status was carried out within the 10 km radius of project site located at Project site. It would provide the ground


32


level concentration of the air quality indicators. The impact of the project on local ambient air quality (AAQ) could be compared with the baseline AAQ scenario in Chapter for Impact Assessment.

3.5 Air Environment:

3.5.1 Selection of sampling location: Seven numbers of AAQ monitoring stations, as per the detailed given below in Table 3.6 were setup within 10 km radius of the project site in various directions. This monitoring plan would describe base line conditions pertaining to local ambient air quality in the study area. The purpose of study is to provide information on the concentration of the air pollutants and significance of long distance dispersions. The location of AAQ monitoring stations are shown in Google image as Annexure 7. Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station (AAQM) in the Study area

No Name of station Direction, km

Arial Distance (approx)

Latitude and Longitude of

sampling point 1 Dhara Cement 0 0 23 59 50.5N

73 01 58.1E 2 Gadu village W 1.22 23 59 46.8N

73 01 10.0E 3 Town Vadali S 6.08 23 56 34.8N

73 02 19.9E 4 Galodiya NE 5.43 24 00 58.6N

73 04 55.6E 5 Morad SW 4.08 23 57 54.4N

73 00 49.8E 6 Town Khedbrahma NNE 3.74 24 01 38.4N

73 02 57.9E 7 Laxmipura ENE 6.61 24 00 20.8N

73 05 50.1E

3.5.2 Monitoring Schedule: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring was carried out for eight weeks. Parameters Particulate Matter10 (PM10), Particulate Matter2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SOx), Oxide of Nitrogen (NOx) were measured on the basis of 24 hourly monitoring periods.

3.5.3 Monitored results: (a) Particulate Matter10 (PM10) in ambient air means atmospheric level of dust retained on 10 µ size micron fiber filter. As per statutory requirements (NAAQS), 24 hourly average value of PM10 in residential, industrial area, rural and other areas should not exceed 100 g/cum. (b) Particulate Matter2.5 (PM2.5) in ambient air means atmospheric level of dust retained on 2.5 µ size micron fiber filter. As per statutory requirements (NAAQS), 24 hourly average value of PM2.5 in residential, industrial area, rural and other areas should not exceed 60 g/cum.


33


(c) Sulphur Oxides (SOx) in ambient air means atmospheric level of gaseous oxides of sulphur. As per statutory requirements (NAAQS), 24 hourly average value of SOx in residential, industrial area, rural and other areas should not exceed 80 g/cum. (d) Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in ambient air means atmospheric level of gaseous oxides of nitrogen. As per statutory requirements (NAAQS), 24 hourly average value of NOx in residential, industrial area, rural and other areas should not exceed 80 g/cum. The ambient air quality for seven stations are summarized for pollutants in table 3.7 to 3.13

Table 3.7: The Ambient Air Quality of Project site

No Date of sampling

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NOx

24 Hrs 24 Hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs 8 hrs

08-16 16-24 00-08 08-16 16-24 00-08 1 06/12/10 70.5 43.8 7.7 8.3 3.0 10.7 13.9 6.9 2 13/12/10 69.5 43.3 6.5 8.6 4.2 12.0 14.9 6.3 3 20/12/10 68.2 45.0 7.1 8.3 3.9 10.1 13.3 5.1 4 27/12/10 69.8 44.6 6.5 10.6 3.6 11.4 14.5 5.7 5 03/01/11 69.5 40.0 6.8 8.0 2.5 15.8 14.5 6.9 6 10/01/11 66.2 34.6 5.7 6.5 2.2 16.4 17.1 3.8 7 17/01/11 67.7 36.7 8.3 9.7 1.9 11.4 13.9 8.2 8 24/01/11 66.0 35.4 7.1 8.3 3.9 13.9 15.2 3.2

Average 68.4 40.4 7.0 8.5 3.1 12.7 14.6 5.8 Maximum 70.5 45.0 8.3 10.6 4.2 16.4 17.1 8.2 Minimum 66.0 34.6 5.7 6.5 1.9 10.1 13.3 3.2

Table 3.8: The Ambient Air Quality of village Gadu

No Date of sampling

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NOx


08-16 16-24 00-08 08-16 16-24 00-08 1 07/12/2010 50.8 31.7 4.5 6.5 1.6 5.7 8.2 3.8 2 14/12/2010 49.1 31.3 4.2 5.7 2.2 6.3 7.6 2.5 3 21/12/2010 48.9 30.8 4.2 5.9 3.0 7.6 8.2 4.4 4 28/12/2010 48.3 30.4 4.5 4.8 1.9 6.3 10.1 4.4 5 04/01/2011 49.1 27.1 5.1 3.6 1.9 8.2 7.6 1.9 6 11/01/2011 49.4 27.5 3.6 4.5 2.2 6.3 5.7 1.3 7 18/01/2011 53.6 28.8 7.8 7.4 2.5 6.9 8.2 2.5 8 25/01/2011 50.6 26.3 5.1 4.8 1.6 5.7 5.7 3.2

Average 50.0 29.2 4.9 5.4 2.1 6.6 7.7 3.0


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No Date of sampling

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NOx


08-16 16-24 00-08 08-16 16-24 00-08 Maximum 53.6 31.7 7.8 7.4 3.0 8.2 10.1 4.4 Minimum 48.3 26.3 3.6 3.6 1.6 5.7 5.7 1.3

Table 3.9: The Ambient Air Quality of Vadali

No Date of sampling

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NOx


08-16 16-24 00-08 08-16 16-24 00-08 1 07/12/2010 56.3 28.3 6.2 9.1 4.2 12.0 17.1 5.7 2 14/12/2010 49.2 35.4 8.3 9.4 5.7 12.6 19.6 6.3 3 21/12/2010 54.6 39.2 10.0 11.7 9.4 12.6 18.3 6.9 4 28/12/2010 53.6 36.7 5.4 8.6 1.0 13.3 20.2 8.2 5 04/01/2011 53.4 35.4 10.9 13.5 4.2 19.6 17.1 6.3 6 11/01/2011 56.1 36.7 10.6 8.8 3.0 20.8 16.4 9.5 7 18/01/2011 58.1 33.8 9.4 11.2 4.2 20.2 14.5 5.1 8 25/01/2011 57.8 31.3 12.0 8.3 3.6 21.5 13.9 3.8


Table 3.10: The Ambient Air Quality of village Galodiya

No Date of sampling

PM10 PM2.5 SOx Nox


08-16 16-24 00-08 08-16 16-24 00-08 1 08/12/2010 49.2 29.6 5.1 3.3 1.0 7.6 9.5 2.5 2 15/12/2010 47.2 29.1 4.5 5.4 2.5 5.7 8.2 4.4 3 22/12/2010 47.0 28.8 3.9 6.5 2.5 6.9 8.8 5.7 4 29/12/2010 47.2 32.5 5.1 6.5 1.3 6.9 10.1 1.9 5 05/01/2011 43.6 33.3 6.8 7.4 1.0 6.3 6.9 2.5 6 12/01/2011 45.5 32.1 5.9 8.0 3.3 6.9 5.1 1.9 7 19/01/2011 47.7 33.8 5.4 7.7 1.3 8.2 7.6 3.2 8 26/01/2011 49.2 30.8 4.8 8.6 1.9 6.9 6.3 4.4



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Table 3.11: The Ambient Air Quality of village Morad

No Date of sampling

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NOx


08-16 16-24 00-08 08-16 16-24 00-08 1 08/12/2010 48.3 28.8 5.9 8.6 4.5 9.5 7.6 2.5 2 15/12/2010 49.4 28.3 8.0 9.7 5.1 5.1 8.2 1.9 3 22/12/2010 46.2 29.2 4.2 6.8 2.8 6.3 9.5 5.1 4 29/12/2010 45.5 29.6 9.7 11.2 6.2 3.8 9.5 2.5 5 05/01/2011 52.3 32.1 6.2 8.3 2.2 5.1 5.7 2.5 6 12/01/2011 51.9 30.8 5.7 5.1 1.9 4.4 9.5 1.9 7 19/01/2011 52.5 28.3 5.9 6.8 1.0 7.6 6.9 2.5 8 26/01/2011 49.8 29.2 4.2 4.8 3.0 8.8 6.3 3.2


Table 3.12: The Ambient Air Quality of Khedbrahma

No Date of sampling

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NOx


Aug-16 16-24 00-08 Aug-16 16-24 00-08 1 09/12/2010 58.1 36.3 9.1 10.9 6.5 11.4 15.2 5.7 2 16/12/2010 57.0 36.3 8.8 10.3 6.8 10.7 16.4 5.1 3 23/12/2010 56.3 39.6 10.3 10.6 8.8 12.0 15.8 4.4 4 30/12/2010 57.6 39.2 10.9 13.5 7.7 10.1 17.1 3.8 5 06/01/2011 48.5 35.4 10.0 11.2 2.8 20.8 16.4 5.7 6 13/01/2011 49.2 28.8 11.2 8.6 3.3 20.2 23.4 7.6 7 20/01/2011 54.7 34.2 10.6 10.3 3.6 17.1 9.5 6.3 8 27/01/2011 55.9 35.0 10.3 8.8 3.3 18.3 16.4 4.4



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Table 3.13: The Ambient Air Quality of village Laxmipura

No Date of sampling

PM10 PM2.5 SOx NOx


Aug-16 16-24 00-08 Aug-16 16-24 00-08 1 09/12/2010 58.9 35.4 6.8 5.7 1.9 8.2 12.0 1.9 2 16/12/2010 57.8 34.6 3.3 6.2 2.8 6.3 6.9 2.5 3 23/12/2010 57.8 35.8 4.5 5.7 3.0 6.3 12.6 3.2 4 30/12/2010 58.9 34.2 6.2 9.1 3.0 10.1 8.2 1.9 5 06/01/2011 55.3 33.8 5.9 5.1 1.3 8.8 6.9 1.9 6 13/01/2011 55.9 27.9 8.8 7.4 1.0 8.2 9.5 2.5 7 20/01/2011 51.1 29.6 4.8 4.5 0.4 9.5 7.6 1.3 8 27/01/2011 49.4 30.0 5.1 4.5 1.6 6.9 5.7 2.5


3.6 Water Environment

The general procedure for describing water environment includes steps before assessing the water quality impact, sources, quantity, hydrologic resources and conditions influencing the water quality and water resources are to assess the existing quality of surrounding area. The extent to which the surface and ground water resources can be impacted in terms of quantity and quality depends upon the total water requirement of the project. Development of project i.e. proposed project also increases the competitiveness of water usages for domestic, agriculture and industrial purpose in the study area. Therefore the study of water environment is important for proposed project. The water samples were collected from study area and are summarized in the table 3.14. Table 3.14 Water Quality Monitoring Sampling Locations

No Name of sampling point Source of water 1 Project Site Ground water 2 Village Gadu Ground water 3 Dharoi Dam Surface water 4 Vadali Ground water 5 Village Morad Ground water 6 Khedbrahma Ground water 7 Khedbrahma Surface water 8 Laxmipura Ground water

3.6.1 Methodology for sampling and analysis:

(a) Objective of water sampling is to collect a part of water, small enough in volume to transport conveniently to laboratory for analysing parameters as shown in table 3.14. For the study, sample from selected water sources were collected as per the following guideline.

Grab water samples were from the water sources as described in Table 3.14.


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Prior to sampling, sample containers were rinsed thoroughly with the water of the source being sampled.

Collected samples were preserved as per the established guidelines and transported to the laboratory within the maximum permissible time limit.

Samples for microbiological analysis, i.e. BOD etc were collected in clean sterile bottle and transported to the laboratory, under controlled temperature, within maximum permissible time limit.

(b) Water Analysis: (1) Water samples were analyzed and summarized in table 3.15 and 3.16comparing

with drinking water standards as prescribed in IS 10500:1991. (Please refer Table 3.17 for drinking water standards)

(2) All reagents used in analysis were of AR grade or higher purity as required. HPLC grade water was used for reagent preparation and blank correction.

Table 3.15: The analysis of Water sample from study area (1)

No. Parameter Unit Location and date of sampling

Dhara Cement

Dharoi Dam Gadu Vadali

1 pH -- 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.3 2 TDS mg/L 1286 872 354 1018 3 Colour -- Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless 4 Odor -- Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless 5 Turbidity NTU N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 6 TH mg/L as CaCO3 700 572 252 628 7 Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 260 340 240 360 8 Iron mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 9 Chloride mg/L 326.6 281.1 96.5 345.4 10 Sulphate mg/L 92.4 84.3 38.1 22.1 11 Fluoride mg/L 0.31 0.39 0.26 0.27 12 Nitrate mg/L 2.49 3.35 2.01 5.31 13 Ca mg/L 173.1 113.8 68.9 169 14 Mg mg/L 65.3 70.2 19.5 49.7 15 Cu mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 16 Sulphite mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 17 MPN -- 3 14 7 4 18 Hg mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 19 Se mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 20 Cd mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 21 As mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 22 Pb mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 23 Cr mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D.


38


Table 3.16: The analysis of Water sample from study area (2)

TH: Total Hardness, MPN: Most Probable Number, 3.6.2 Comments on Water quality of study area: The water quality of the study area is compared here with the comments for desirable and permissible standards prescribed in IS:10500 for parameter analyzed

1. pH: The pH of all sources are within the desirable limit 2. Turbidity: The water quality is within the desirable limit for all sources 3. Total Dissolved Solids: Four samples are found within the desirable limit, and other four

sources, i.e. from Project site, Vadali, Laxmipura and Khedbrahma are found between desirable and permissible limits.

4. Conductivity: No comment as no norms described 5. Color: All sources water found colorless 6. Odor: No unobjectionable odor is found 7. Total Suspended solids: Absent in all samples. No norms are described but reflected in

Turbidity 8. Chlorides: Four samples are found within the desirable limits and four samples are found

between desirable and permissible limits i.e. for project site, Dharoi dam, village, Vadali and for village Laxmipura.

9. Sulphate: All samples found within the desirable norms.

No. Parameter Unit Location and date of sampling

Morad Khedbrahma Laxmi-pura Khedbrahma River water

1 pH -- 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.6 2 TDS mg/L 382 458 1752 586 3 Colour -- Colorless Colorless Colorless Colorless 4 Odor -- Odorless Odorless Odorless Odorless 5 Turbidity NTU N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 6 TH mg/L as CaCO3 224 336 844 312 7 Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 140 300 320 240 8 Iron mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 9 Chloride mg/L 82.3 105.8 525.4 184.6

10 Sulphate mg/L 22.1 45.6 186.7 63.1 11 Fluoride mg/L 0.25 0.31 0.27 0.25 12 Nitrate mg/L 2.45 12.6 2.7 0.2 13 Ca mg/L 67.3 89.7 206.8 68.9 14 Mg mg/L 13.6 27.3 79.9 34.1 15 Cu mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 16 Sulphite mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 17 MPN -- 5 4 7 20 18 Hg mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 19 Se mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 20 Cd mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 21 As mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 22 Pb mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D. 23 Cr mg/L N. D. N. D. N. D. N. D.


39


10. Hardness: Two samples were found within the desirable limit. Three samples are found between desirable and permissible limits and three samples, i.e. from project site, Laxmipura and Vadali, are found beyond the permissible limit.

11. Calcium: Three samples are found within desirable limit and three samples are found between desirable and permissible limits i.e. at project site, Khedbrahma, Dharoi dam and Vadali. The water sample of village Laxmipura is beyond the permissible limit.

12. Magnesium: Three samples are found within desirable limit. Five samples found between desirable and permissible limits.

13. Alkalinity: Only sample from village Morad found within the desirable limit. Seven samples values range between desirable and permissible limits.

14. Sodium: No limit described 15. Potassium: No limit described 16. Nitrates: All samples values are within desirable limits. 17. Iron: All samples values are within desirable limits. 18. Fluorides: All samples values are within desirable limits. 19. Heavy Metals like mercury, selenium, cadmium, arsenic, lead and chromium are not

detected.

Table 3.17: Drinking Water Standards as per IS 10500

No. Parameters Unit Drinking Water norms as per IS 10500 Desirable Permissible

1 Colour Hazen unit 5 25 2 Odour - Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 3 Taste - Agreeable Agreeable 4 Turbidity NTU 5 10 5 pH - 6.5 to 8.5 No relaxation 6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 300 600 7 Iron mg/l 0.3 1.0 8 Chlorides mg/l 250 1000 9 Residual, free Chlorine mg/l 0.2 -

10 Dissolved Solids mg/l 500 2000 11 Calcium mg/l 75 200 12 Magnesium mg/l 30 100 13 Copper mg/l 0.05 1.5 14 Manganese mg/l 0.1 0.3 15 Sulphate mg/l 200 400 16 Nitrate mg/l 50 No relaxation 17 Fluoride mg/l 1.0 1.5 18 Phenolic compounds mg/l 0.001 0.002 19 Mercury mg/l 0.001 No relaxation 20 Cadmium mg/l 0.01 No relaxation 21 Selenium mg/l 0.01 No relaxation 22 Arsenic mg/l 0.05 No relaxation 23 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 No relaxation 24 Lead mg/l 0.05 No relaxation 25 Zinc mg/l 5 15 26 Anionic detergents mg/l 0.2 1.0 27 Chromium mg/l 0.05 No relaxation 28 Polynuclear aromatic

Hydrocarbon mg/l - -

29 Mineral oil mg/l 0.01 0.03 30 Pesticides mg/l Absent 0.001


40


No. Parameters Unit Drinking Water norms as per IS 10500 Desirable Permissible

31 Radioactive materials (a) Alpha emitters (b) Beta emitters

Bq/l Pci/l

- -

0.1

0.037 32 Alkalinity mg/l 200 600 33 Aluminum mg/l 0.03 0.2 34 Boron mg/l 1 5

3.7 Soil Environment:

Soil that maintains the land surface is the sole means of support for virtually all terrestrial life. Soil represents the loose and unconsolidated materials derived through disintegration of rocks resulting over a long period of time. The soil comprises of natural components differentiated into various characteristics at various depth and locations. The ability of soil to support life varies from place to place according to the nature of local climate, the surface configuration of the land, the kind of bed rock, and even the type of vegetation cover. Soil is a reservoir of nutrient for plants & crops and also provides mechanical anchorage and favorable tilth. Soil also is well, as an example of an interface between three great systems that comprise the earth science that is the Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere. Biosphere also operates in this interface, but it is usually considered to comprise the life science. The soil samples are analyzed and shown in Tables 3.7.1 Soil Characteristics: To find out the soil quality of the study areas five samples of soils from different locations were collected to cover the important aspects of chemical properties of soil quality therein. Samples were collected from various locations as mentioned Table 3.18. Table 3.18 Soil Sampling Locations No Location Sampling date

1 Project Site 06-12-2010 2 Village Gadu 07-12-2010 3 Town Vadali 07-12-2010 4 Village Galodia 08-12-2010 5 Village Morad 08-12-2010 6 Village Laxmipura 09-12-2010 7 Town Khedbrahma 09-12-2010

The soil samples are analyzed and shown in Table 3.19. Table 3.19 : Analysis results of soil samples collected from study area

No. Parameter Unit

Location and date of sampling Project

site Gadu

Village Vadali

Galodia

Morad

Laxmi-pura

Khed brahma

Date 6-12-10 7-12-10 7-12-10

8-12-10 8-12-10

9-12-10 9-12-10

1 Sodium mg/ gm 0.08 0.12 0.205 0.28 0.25 0.24 0.21

2 Potassium mg/ gm 0.01 0.002 0.0075 0.01 0.002 0.34 0.27

3 Calcium mg/ 0.11 0.20 0.20 3.20 0.20 0.25 0.27


41


3.8 Land Use Pattern:

Land use in general reflects the human being activities on land, whereas the word Land cover indicates the vegetation, agriculture and artificial man made structure covering the land surface. Identification and periodic surveillance of land uses and vegetation covers, in the vicinity of any developmental activity is one of the most important component for an environmental impact assessment, this would help to determine the impact of the project development activity on the land use pattern. The land use pattern of the study area is developed from satellite image. The area classified for Cultivated, Flood plains, Forest, River, Human Settlement, Rocky terrain, Tree clad area, uncultivated land, water body etc. The land use pattern of the study area is shown in annexure 8. The break up of the land use pattern is shown in table 3.20 below.

The data also from the census report 2001 was taken for clear interpretation of land use in the study area. The details regarding the Land Use Pattern of the study area were collected and are shown in table 3.21. The data are mainly sub-divided in to four type viz. Forest, Irrigated, Un-irrigated, Culturable waste land including Gochar, and area not available for cultivation.

Table 3.20: Land Use Pattern in 10 km radius

No. Land Use type Area(in sqkm) Percentage distribution, %

1 Cultivated Land 113.12 36.02 2 Floodplains 1.77 0.56 3 Forest 1.76 0.56 4 Industry 0.19 0.06 5 River 10.35 3.30 6 Roads 3.06 0.98 7 Rocky Terrain 2.34 0.74 8 Settlements 12.11 3.86 9 Shrubland 30.11 9.59

10 Treeclad Area 0.23 0.07 11 Uncultivated Land 137.94 43.92 12 Waterbody 1.11 0.35

Grand Total 314.09 100.00

gm

4 Magnesium mg/ gm 0.024 0.006 0.073 1.3 0.28 0.097 0.018

5 Organic Carbon % 0.39 0.70 1.18 0.35 1.18 1.18 0.79

6 Sodium absorption ratio (SAR)

-- 0.55 0.73 1.0 0.34 0.85 1.04 1.06


42


3.9 NOISE ENVIRONMENT:

The noise level to which the population is exposed has been increasing at substantial rate over last several decades. The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Another characteristic of noise source which affect human being response is how the noise level varies with the time. The time of day that a noise occurs is also important factor in determining the acceptance of a noise source. The location of noise source, as it relates to location of noise sensitive area is an important factor in determining the impact of noise that is how loud and how long the noise exposure at a receiver will be. Once the noise source is fully characterised and noise at receiver location described, the impact must be assessed in term of noise impact on human activity. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from hearing lose to annoyance. The noise problem is said to exist when noise interferes with human activity. The noise criteria values are design to protect the human being from physiological impairment resulting from excessive level of noise exposure. Noise level criteria given in the Central Pollution Control Board guideline. The maximum noise level for residential, commercial, industrial and silence zone are given in Table 3.22. Table 3.22 Noise Level Standards

Zone Maximum noise level, (dBA) Day time Night time

Residential Area 55 45

Commercial Area 65 55

Industrial Area 75 70

Silence Zone 50 40

The noise level measurement was carried out by using Noise Meter for five locations in day and night time, including project site and are reported here in Table 3.23. .


43


Table 3.23 Nose Level values of study area

No Location Category of Area Day time, (dB A)

Night time (dB A)

1 At Project site Industrial 59.8 46.5 2 Near unit Industrial 54.2 43.3 3 Village Gadu Residential 51.9 42.9 4 Town Vadali Residential &

Commercial 64.1 53.2

5 Village Laxmipura Residential 49.4 43.1

3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC

Social Economic is defined as being “of relating to, or involving combination of social and economic factors”. In general Socio economic factor that can be consider in the assessment of environmental impact range from social impact like, population growth, density, aesthetics, standards of living, congestion, incompatibility with surrounding community, increasing recreational requirement, and conflicts in life style to additional requirement for public services like water, sanitation, power, telephone, fuel, security and fire protection, solid waste disposal and overloading of schools. Socio economic environment in the vicinity of any ensuing industrial project revolves around the mode of change that is likely to occur due to beneficial and adverse effects arising due to industrial activity. Generally implementation of project activities results in change in socio economic profile of the surrounding area due to change in land use pattern, operation and maintenance of the project, change in occupational pattern of local residents, boost in the local economy due to employment opportunities, increased business, improved infrastructure etc. Due to this change in basic amenities there is need to improvement of the project affected area, so as to keep pace with the industrial development. Various socio economic data are summarized in the following Tables 3.24 to 3.27.


44


TABLE 3.24 POPULATION DATA OF STUDY AREA

No Name Total

Popula tion

Male Popula

tion

Female Popula

tion

Total Popula tion 0-6

Male Popula tion 0-6

Female Popula tion 0-6

Total SC Popula

tion

Male SC Popula

tion

Female SC Popula

tion

Total ST Popula

tion

Male ST Popula

tion

Female ST Popula

tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 Agiya 5008 2576 2432 1046 548 498 396 218 178 2931 1494 1437

2 Champalpur 108 53 55 22 10 12 - - - - - -

3 Chikhla 1592 818 774 369 188 181 - - - 400 203 197

4 Damavas 1744 863 881 357 178 179 31 16 15 567 272 295

5 Delvada 188 94 94 17 10 7 - - - 11 5 6

6 Derol 1107 577 530 141 70 71 288 140 148 24 14 10

7 Dholivav 711 350 361 154 70 84 - - - 31 15 16

8 Didhiya 1971 987 984 309 151 158 2 1 1 172 110 62

9 Gadhada 1806 945 861 291 163 128 286 150 136 3 2 1

10 Gadu 2272 1120 1152 374 187 187 641 322 319 18 9 9

11 Galodiya 2077 1060 1017 258 141 117 389 201 188 - - -

12 Gundel 1048 526 522 146 72 74 177 90 87 42 22 20

13 Jagannathpur 138 71 67 21 10 11 - - - 35 71 18

14 Jagmer 194 105 89 15 9 6 - - - - - -

15 Karunda 1012 517 495 183 93 90 - - - 15 9 6

16 Khedbrahma 197946 100322 97624 43114 21915 21199 6311 3193 3118 150344 76014 74330

17 Lakshmipura 4218 2137 2081 524 276 248 706 362 344 272 134 138

18 Metral 134 79 55 10 4 6 - - - - - -

19 Nichi Dhanal 508 251 257 41 14 27 - - - - - -

20 Padardi 2044 1067 977 262 154 108 251 133 118 - - - 21 Paroya 1995 988 1007 315 159 156 548 266 282 18 8 10


45


No Name Total

Popula tion

Male Popula

tion

Female Popula

tion




Total SC Popula

tion

Male SC Popula

tion

Female SC Popula

tion

Total ST Popula

tion

Male ST Popula

tion

Female ST Popula

tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

22

Pipodara Dolivada

1941 991 950 453 235 218 - - - 1941 991 950

23 Radhivad 1967 959 1008 242 127 115 483 221 262 43 21 22

24 Rodhara 815 392 423 104 49 55 29 13 16 6 4 2

25 Rudramala 672 348 324 67 43 24 99 48 51 - - -

26 Silvad 311 159 152 51 29 22 - - - 5 3 2 27 Sitol 1105 565 540 242 120 122 - - - 285 144 141

28 Tandaliya 752 369 383 166 74 92 7 5 2 569 270 299

29 Unchi Dhanal 1993 1002 991 253 146 107 290 146 144 5 2 3

30 Vartol 1355 693 662 251 136 115 - - - 344 181 163 31 Vasna 1041 543 498 124 71 53 22 11 11 - - - 32 Asai 769 402 367 127 68 59 - - - - - -

33 Bhandval 1297 660 637 172 87 85 21 11 10 - - -

34 Chulla 1092 548 544 163 79 84 178 94 84 - - -

35 Dantroli 1242 643 599 207 109 98 226 112 114 - - -

36 Dhamdi 637 325 312 77 45 32 189 99 90 - - - 37 Dharod 1716 904 812 254 144 110 242 121 121 13 10 3 38 Dharol 1819 923 896 205 117 88 219 118 101 8 4 4

39 Dhirakamboya 432 226 206 67 35 32 - - - - - -

40 Dobhada 2706 1406 1300 325 183 142 541 276 265 - - -

41 Gamadi 306 159 147 38 16 22 - - - - - - 42 Gota 1715 899 858 239 128 111 289 142 147 34 21 13


46


No Name Total

Popula tion

Male Popula

tion

Female Popula

tion




Total SC Popula

tion

Male SC Popula

tion

Female SC Popula

tion

Total ST Popula

tion

Male ST Popula

tion

Female ST Popula

tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

43 Hatharva 2172 1110 1062 246 135 111 555 294 261 9 7 2

44 Hathoj 1477 764 713 224 110 114 148 77 71 - - -

45 Himatpur 1011 500 511 136 75 61 - - - 3 2 1

46 Jetpur 1076 543 533 176 92 84 64 36 28 194 92 102

47 Juna Chamu 1488 721 767 175 86 89 324 159 165 - - -

48 Kodareli 291 146 145 40 21 19 218 107 111 - - -

49 Kanjeli 461 228 233 58 29 29 82 46 36 - - -

50 Kesarganj 1045 538 507 138 90 48 36 19 17 6 3 3

51 Malpur 922 478 444 124 61 63 31 18 13 - - - 52 Medh 2256 1166 1090 292 162 130 387 204 183 55 29 26 53 Morad 695 338 357 93 53 40 - - - 20 12 8 54 Nadri 2660 1353 1307 378 205 173 449 228 221 12 6 6

55 Nava Chamu 751 396 355 86 47 39 - - - - - -

56 Rampur (Vasna) 372 187 185 59 27 32 - - - - - -

57 Savasla 344 169 175 41 15 26 - - - - - -

58 Therasana 1693 849 844 209 102 107 119 60 59 13 5 8

59 Thuravas 945 468 477 123 69 54 3 2 1 5 4 1

60 Vadali 18054 9512 8542 2455 1353 1102 2168 1129 1039 140 73 67

61 Vadgamda 947 472 475 124 65 59 - - - - - -

62 Vadoth 1189 609 580 111 62 49 145 81 64 - - -

63 Vasna (Asai) 1014 510 504 188 94 94 - - - - - -

64 Ventla 485 243 242 72 34 38 184 91 93 - - -


47


No Name Total

Popula tion

Male Popula

tion

Female Popula

tion




Total SC Popula

tion

Male SC Popula

tion

Female SC Popula

tion

Total ST Popula

tion

Male ST Popula

tion

Female ST Popula

tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 65 Vivav 552 303 249 62 30 32 - - - - - -

66 Kuvavad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 Marvada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

68 Nakod 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


48


TABLE 3.25 LITRACY AND EMPLOYMENT DATA OF STUDY AREA

No Name Total Literates

Male Literates

Female Literates

Total Illiterates

Male Illiterates

Female Illiterates

Total Working Population

Male Working Population

Female Working

Population 1 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 Agiya 2526 1619 907 2482 957 1525 1903 1336 567 2 Champalpur 14 11 3 94 42 52 76 33 43 3 Chikhla 681 473 208 911 345 566 912 460 452 4 Damavas 811 495 316 933 368 565 931 475 456 5 Delvada 143 75 68 45 19 26 102 53 49 6 Derol 771 465 306 336 112 224 493 342 151 7 Dholivav 172 133 39 539 217 322 433 233 200 8 Didhiya 947 596 351 1024 391 633 1047 525 522 9 Gadhada 843 552 291 963 393 570 1171 590 581

10 Gadu 1237 765 472 1035 355 680 905 594 311 11 Galodiya 1359 806 553 718 254 464 1021 583 438 12 Gundel 667 405 262 381 121 260 452 307 145 13 Jagannathpur 71 45 26 67 26 41 82 40 42 14 Jagmer 166 93 73 28 12 16 115 67 48 15 Karunda 547 357 190 465 160 350 612 311 301 16 Khedbrahma 58474 38683 19791 139472 61639 77833 94634 51606 43028 17 Lakshmipura 2815 1632 1183 1403 505 898 1820 1155 665 18 Metral 116 75 41 18 4 14 78 41 37 19 Nichi Dhanal 368 213 155 140 38 102 291 154 137 20 Padardi 1204 754 450 840 313 527 929 596 333 21 Paroya 978 595 383 1017 393 624 1105 570 535

22 Pipodara Dolivada 273 217 56 1688 774 894 1006 497 509

23 Radhivad 1260 712 548 707 247 460 818 556 262 24 Rodhara 538 309 229 277 83 194 345 220 125 25 Rudramala 485 288 197 187 60 127 321 188 133 26 Silvad 158 94 64 153 65 88 103 90 13 27 Sitol 458 317 141 647 248 399 430 321 109 28 Tandaliya 263 173 90 489 196 293 276 167 109 29 Unchi Dhanal 1232 736 496 761 266 495 1065 591 474 30 Vartol 662 397 265 693 296 397 769 410 359


49



Male Literates

Female Literates

Total Illiterates

Male Illiterates

Female Illiterates



Female Working

Population 1 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 31 Vasna 629 395 234 412 148 264 490 304 186 32 Asai 398 271 127 371 131 240 416 226 190 33 Bhandval 799 473 326 498 187 311 595 359 236 34 Chulla 595 371 224 497 177 320 587 291 296 35 Dantroli 555 352 203 687 291 396 342 284 58 36 Dhamdi 426 251 175 211 74 137 369 176 193 37 Dharod 726 499 227 990 405 585 801 497 304 38 Dharol 1240 733 507 579 190 389 1094 566 528 39 Dhirakamboya 217 151 66 215 75 140 178 127 51 40 Dobhada 1693 1008 685 1013 398 615 1140 710 430 41 Gamadi 206 125 81 100 34 66 141 75 66 42 Gota 1037 632 405 720 267 453 892 537 355 43 Hatharva 1405 836 569 767 274 493 1079 667 412 44 Hathoj 708 448 260 769 316 453 897 479 418 45 Himatpur 579 337 242 432 163 269 546 287 259 46 Jetpur 652 378 274 424 165 259 382 276 106 47 Juna Chamu 941 522 419 547 199 348 746 415 331 48 Kodareli 189 111 78 102 35 67 98 80 18 49 Kanjeli 314 179 135 147 49 98 249 122 127 50 Kesarganj 700 393 307 345 145 200 612 305 307 51 Malpur 472 312 160 450 166 284 535 303 232 52 Medh 1321 808 513 935 358 577 1211 638 573 53 Morad 373 227 146 322 111 211 352 210 142 54 Nadri 1493 918 575 1167 435 732 1273 765 508 55 Nava Chamu 378 223 155 373 173 200 324 226 98 56 Rampur (Vasna) 129 87 42 243 100 143 230 121 109 57 Savasla 228 136 92 116 33 83 103 98 5 58 Therasana 1082 658 424 611 191 420 917 492 425 59 Thuravas 581 340 241 364 128 236 561 278 283 60 Vadali 11390 7051 4339 6664 2461 4203 6481 4597 1884 61 Vadgamda 592 351 241 355 121 234 559 278 281 62 Vadoth 766 457 309 423 152 271 620 351 269


50



Male Literates

Female Literates

Total Illiterates

Male Illiterates

Female Illiterates



Female Working

Population 1 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 63 Vasna (Asai) 529 336 193 485 174 311 586 295 291 64 Ventla 287 173 114 198 70 128 258 133 125 65 Vivav 354 240 114 198 63 135 336 184 152 66 Kuvavad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 Marvada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 Nakod 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


51


TABLE 3.26 AMENITITIES IN STUDY AREA (Part I)

No VILLAGE NAME

Drinking Water facility (A/NA)

Tap Water

(T)

Well Water

(W)

Tank Water (TK)

Tube well

Water (TW)

Hand pumb (HP)

River Water(R)

Canal (C)

Lake (L)

Spring (S)

Other drinking

water sources (O)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 Agiya 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

2 Champalpur 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 Chikhla 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

4 Damavas 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

5 Delvada 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0

6 Derol 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

7 Dholivav 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

8 Didhiya 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

9 Gadhada 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

10 Gadu 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

11 Galodiya 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

12 Gundel 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

13 Jagannathpur 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

14 Jagmer 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

15 Karunda 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

16 Lakshmipura 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

17 Metral 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

18 Nichi Dhanal 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

19 Padardi 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

20 Paroya 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

21 Pipodara Dolivada 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

22 Radhivad 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

23 Rodhara 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

24 Rudramala 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

25 Silvad 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

26 Sitol 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


52


No VILLAGE NAME


Tap Water

(T)

Well Water

(W)

Tank Water (TK)

Tube well

Water (TW)

Hand pumb (HP)

River Water(R)

Canal (C)

Lake (L)

Spring (S)

Other drinking

water sources (O)

27 Tandaliya 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

28 Unchi Dhanal 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

29 Vartol 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

30 Vasna 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

31 Asai 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

32 Bhandval 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

33 Chulla 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

34 Dantroli 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

35 Dhamdi 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

36 Dharod 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

37 Dharol 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

38 Dhirakamboya 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

39 Dobhada 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

40 Gamadi 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

41 Gota 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

42 Hatharva 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

43 Hathoj 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

44 Himatpur 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

45 Jetpur 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

46 Juna Chamu 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

47 Kodareli 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

48 Kanjeli 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

49 Kesarganj 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

50 Malpur 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

51 Medh 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

52 Morad 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

53 Nadri 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

54 Nava Chamu 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


53


No VILLAGE NAME


Tap Water

(T)

Well Water

(W)

Tank Water (TK)

Tube well

Water (TW)

Hand pumb (HP)

River Water(R)

Canal (C)

Lake (L)

Spring (S)

Other drinking

water sources (O)

55 Rampur (Vasna) 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

56 Savasla 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

57 Therasana 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

58 Thuravas 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

59 Vadali 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

60 Vadgamda 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

61 Vadoth 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

62 Vasna (Asai) 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

63 Ventla 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

64 Vivav 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

65 Kuvavad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

66 Marvada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 Nakod 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


54


TABLE 3.27 AMENITITIES IN STUDY AREA (Part II)

No VILLAGE NAME Number of Primary School

Medical facilities (A/NA)

Post, Telegraph and Telephone

facilities (A / NA), if available

Number of Tele phone connections

Bus services Banking facility (Y/N)

Power supply (A/NA)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Agiya 2 3 1 1 1 0 1

2 Champalpur 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

3 Chikhla 2 0 0 0 1 0 1

4 Damavas 2 1 1 28 1 0 1

5 Delvada 2 2 1 5 1 0 1

6 Derol 2 9 1 1 1 0 1

7 Dholivav 2 1 1 0 1 0 1

8 Didhiya 2 1 1 4 1 0 1

9 Gadhada 2 0 1 6 1 0 1

10 Gadu 1 0 1 4 1 0 1

11 Galodiya 1 2 1 50 1 0 1

12 Gundel 2 2 1 1 1 0 1

13 Jagannathpur 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

14 Jagmer 1 0 0 15 1 0 1

15 Karunda 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

16 Khedbrahma

17 Lakshmipura 1 5 1 1 1 2 1

18 Metral 1 1 1 10 1 0 1

19 Nichi Dhanal 1 1 1 29 1 0 1

20 Padardi 2 2 1 10 1 0 1

21 Paroya 2 2 1 1 1 0 1

22 Pipodara Dolivada 1 1 0 0 1 0 1

23 Radhivad 2 1 1 1 1 0 1

24 Rodhara 1 1 0 15 1 0 1


55








Power supply (A/NA)

25 Rudramala 1 2 1 12 1 0 1

26 Silvad 2 0 0 15 1 0 1

27 Sitol 2 1 1 1 1 0 1

28 Tandaliya 2 0 1 1 1 0 1

29 Unchi Dhanal 1 3 1 10 1 2 1

30 Vartol 2 1 1 18 1 0 1

31 Vasna 1 0 0 21 1 0 1

32 Asai 1 0 1 3 1 0 1

33 Bhandval 1 0 1 50 1 0 1

34 Chulla 1 0 1 8 1 0 1

35 Dantroli 1 0 1 10 1 0 1

36 Dhamdi 1 0 1 12 1 0 1

37 Dharod 1 0 1 25 1 0 1

38 Dharol 2 1 1 20 1 0 1

39 Dhirakamboya 2 0 0 1 1 0 1

40 Dobhada 1 6 1 100 1 1 1

41 Gamadi 1 0 0 6 1 0 1

42 Gota 2 1 3 42 1 0 1

43 Hatharva 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

44 Hathoj 1 0 1 5 1 0 1

45 Himatpur 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

46 Jetpur 2 0 1 30 1 0 1

47 Juna Chamu 2 2 1 10 1 0 1

48 Kodareli 1 0 0 2 1 0 1

49 Kanjeli 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

50 Kesarganj 1 3 1 45 1 0 1


56








Power supply (A/NA)

51 Malpur 2 3 0 20 1 1 1

52 Medh 2 1 1 110 1 0 1

53 Morad 1 0 0 15 1 0 1

54 Nadri 1 0 1 25 1 1 1

55 Nava Chamu 1 1 0 10 1 0 1

56 Rampur (Vasna) 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

57 Savasla 1 0 0 5 1 0 1

58 Therasana 1 1 2 50 1 1 1

59 Thuravas 1 0 0 60 1 0 1

60 Vadali 8 10 3 310 1 2 1

61 Vadgamda 1 0 1 50 1 0 1

62 Vadoth 1 1 1 70 1 0 1

63 Vasna (Asai) 1 0 1 10 1 0 1

64 Ventla 1 0 0 9 1 0 1

65 Vivav 1 1 1 2 1 0 1

66 Kuvavad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 Marvada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

68 Nakod 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


57


TABLE 3.21 LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA No Village

name Area in hectare

Forest IRRIGATED LAND Total Irrigated

Area

Un irrigated

Area

Cultivable waste

(including guacharo

and groves)

Area not available

for cultivation

Government Canal

Well - without electric

ity

Well - with

electricity Tank

Tube-well-witho

ut electricity

Tube-well - with

electricity

River Lake

Other

1 Agiya 1978.1 0 0 244.5 0 40.0 0 0 0 0 0 284.5 10.3 1022.6 660.0

2 Champalp

ur 931.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 931.0

3 Chikhla 398.7 83.9 0 0 140.0 0 0 0 0 0 30.3 170.3 76.0 48.2 20.3

4 Damavas 1052.5 257.0 75.0 0 324.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 399.7 325.0 31.4 39.4

5 Delvada 973.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.5 0 66.3 76.8 841.0 28.0 28.0

6 Derol 534.7 0 0 161.9 65.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 227.3 128.3 74.1 105.0

7 Dholivav 323.9 0 170.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170.1 100.0 0 53.8

8 Didhiya 569.8 0 18.3 102.1 0 0 0 82.5 0 0 0 202.9 207.2 104.6 55.1

9 Gadhada 570.8 0 0 55.0 15.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 70.4 347.3 9.3 143.8

10 Gadu 582.5 0 0 20.0 220.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 240.0 217.3 0 125.3

11 Galodiya 428.1 0 0 0 213.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 213.6 52.2 145.3 17.0

12 Gundel 701.7 0 0 0 503.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 503.8 117.2 80.7 0

13 Jagannath

pur 199.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 143.4 10.6 45.4

14 Jagmer 113.4 0 0 60.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60.6 40.2 2.0 10.6


58


No Village name

Area in hectare


Area

Un irrigated

Area

Cultivable waste

(including guacharo

and groves)

Area not available

for cultivation

Government Canal


ity

Well - with

electricity Tank

Tube-well-witho

ut electricity

Tube-well - with

electricity

River Lake

Other

15 Karunda 390.6 0 30.0 0 188.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 218.0 75.1 70.5 27.0

16 Lakshmip

ura 1246.3 0 0 0 200.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.0 400.3 600.0 46.0

17 Metral 714.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41.2 475.6 0 516.8 183.7 7.1 7.1

18 Nichi

Dhanal 633.8 0 0 119.3 140.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 259.5 277.3 2.4 94.7

19 Padardi 399.1 0 0 0 0 0.7 0 0 38.5 0 66.3 105.5 200.0 55.1 38.5

20 Paroya 664.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 489.3 124.2 50.9

21 Pipodara Dolivada 271.8 0 0 5.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.7 149.0 1.2 115.9

22 Radhivad 1052.4 0 0 0 20.2 6.1 0 0 0 0 0 26.3 846.0 115.9 64.2

23 Rodhara 484.8 0 0 257.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 257.7 120.3 58.4 48.4

24 Rudramal

a 374.4 0 0 0 0 3.7 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 313.5 20.1 37.1

25 Silvad 372.4 0 15.0 20.0 195.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230.0 102.9 22.8 16.7

26 Sitol 223.5 0 0 66.9 15.0 10 0 0 0 0 0 91.9 75.0 29.6 27.0

27 Tandaliya 435.6 0 40.0 0 140.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180.0 98.4 70.5 86.6

28 Unchi Dhanal 1360.8 0 72.9 107.3 119.4 34.7 0 0 0 0 0 334.3 345.7 0 0


59


No Village name

Area in hectare


Area

Un irrigated

Area

Cultivable waste

(including guacharo

and groves)

Area not available

for cultivation

Government Canal


ity

Well - with

electricity Tank

Tube-well-witho

ut electricity

Tube-well - with

electricity

River Lake

Other

29 Vartol 999.9 0 0 100 10 35.1 0 0 0 0 0 145.1 367.1 328.8 159.0

30 Vasna 583.7 0 0 0 153.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 153.5 309.4 90.9 29.9

31 Asai 335.2 0 0 0.1 194.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 194.1 34.2 51.1 55.8

32 Bhandval 307.7 0 0 8.2 155.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 163.3 75.0 54.8 14.6

33 Chulla 513.0 0 0 2.0 300.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 302.0 138.8 59.6 12.6

34 Dantroli 310.5 62.0 0 29.1 203.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 232.4 2.0 10.2 4.0

35 Dhamdi 189.7 0 0 0 110.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110.0 24.5 47.3 7.9

36 Dharod 1060.3 510.8 0 100.0 300.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400.0 14.6 82.0 53.0

37 Dharol 1187.2 199.1 0 0 437.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 437.2 486.7 43.9 20.2

38 Dhirakam

boya 269.6 0 0 0 101.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 101.3 84.3 57.0 27.0

39 Dobhada 1341.3 0 0 0 115.6 0 0 0 0 0 75.4 191.0 989.1 75.0 86.2

40 Gamadi 233.5 0 0 0 129.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 129.5 37.0 38.6 28.4

41 Gota 1090.0 60.4 44.1 60.4 600.7 32.0 0 70.0 0 0 0 807.2 53.3 92.4 76.8

42 Hatharva 899.9 0 0 0 296.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 296.5 486.0 100.0 17.4

43 Hathoj 557.8 0 0 75.1 116.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 191.2 201.1 164.6 1.0


60


No Village name

Area in hectare


Area

Un irrigated

Area

Cultivable waste

(including guacharo

and groves)

Area not available

for cultivation

Government Canal


ity

Well - with

electricity Tank

Tube-well-witho

ut electricity

Tube-well - with

electricity

River Lake

Other

44 Himatpur 468.4 0 0 0 110.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110.0 121.8 150.0 86.6

45 Jetpur 636.9 0 0 8.0 330.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 338.0 231.1 0 67.8

46 Juna

Chamu 705.8 47.4 0 240.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240.0 318.5 60.0 40.0

47 Kodareli 216.2 0 0 0.2 205.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 205.1 0 6.2 4.7

48 Kanjeli 305.1 0 0 0 79.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 79.1 53.1 164.6 8.3

49 Kesarganj 494.0 0 0 7.0 403.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 410.0 0 65.0 19.0

50 Malpur 384.8 0 0 0 245.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 245.2 88.7 47.9 3.0

51 Medh 1659.0 162.4 0 59.5 600.0 0 0 585.7 0 0 0 1245.2 42.4 107.0 102.0

52 Morad 330.5 0 0 0 150.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150.0 123.7 31.5 25.3

53 Nadri 1128.3 108.2 0 0 438.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 438.2 458.8 11.2 111.9

54 Nava

Chamu 82.8 0 0 0 40.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40.0 22.9 17.4 2.6

55 Rampur (Vasna) 137.5 0 0 118.5 0 1.2 0 0 0 0 0.7 120.4 13.0 4.2 0

56 Savasla 585.5 0 0 0 270.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 270.2 258.6 49.7 7.0

57 Therasana 310.7 0 0 0 251.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 251.5 0 0 59.2

58 Thuravas 195.4 0 0 10.0 60.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 70.2 40.3 83.3 1.6


61


No Village name

Area in hectare


Area

Un irrigated

Area

Cultivable waste

(including guacharo

and groves)

Area not available

for cultivation

Government Canal


ity

Well - with

electricity Tank

Tube-well-witho

ut electricity

Tube-well - with

electricity

River Lake

Other

59 Vadali 3661.4 0 0 0 1277.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1277.4 2070.9 89.1 224.1

60 Vadgamda 647.4 0 0 80.0 120.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.1 298.1 122.0 27.2

61 Vadoth 359.8 0 0 0 276.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 276.8 0 67.7 15.4

62 Vasna (Asai) 462.7 0 0 0.1 248.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 248.0 142.7 56.0 16.0

63 Ventla 200.5 0 0 59.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59.8 93.0 47.7 0

64 Vivav 163.8 0 0 0 126.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 126.6 0 32.2 5.1

65 Kuvavad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

66 Marvada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

67 Nakod 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


62


3.11 Flora And Fauna of the study area

3.11.1 Introduction

The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship and composition of species, which are adapted to these variations, have resulted in different vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The ecology of the study area is briefly discussed in this subsection. The study is mostly surrounded by the rural area. The land use pattern used to show the major portion covered by irrigated land.

Environmental Impact Assessments have become an integral part of development project to formulate policies and guidelines for environmentally sound economic development. Proper assessment of biological environment and compilation of its taxonomical data is essential for the impact prediction. A base line Survey has been carried out to appraise the terrestrial flora and fauna within study areas of 10 km radius around the site of the industry. The study area includes villages as shown in the following table 3.28. 13 villages and Taluka centers were covered for the present Biological baseline study. Table 3.28: The villages and taluka centers studied for Flora and Fauna

No. Name of Village District 1 Gadu Khedbrahma 2 Galodiya Khedbrahma 3 Gundel Khedbrahma 4 Khedbrahma Khedbrahma 5 Silvad Khedbrahma 6 Unchi Dhanal Khedbrahma 7 Vartol Khedbrahma 8 Dantroli Vadali 9 Dhamdi Vadali

10 Gamadi Vadali 11 Medh Vadali 12 Vadali Vadali 13 Marvada Vadali

3.11.2 Period of the study area

The base line study for identification of floral and faunal biodiversity of the terrestrial environment of the study area was conducted in the Month April 2011.

3.11.3 Methodology

The methodology adopted for the evaluation of biodiversity status of the study region is as given below table 3.29. The sampling plots for the survey were selected randomly in the suitable habitats within the study area.


63


Table 3.29: Methodology for biodiversity status of the study region

Plants Tree 10 meter radius circular plot Shrubs 10 meter radius circular plot Herbs 1 meter x 1 meter square plot

Birds Terrestrial Point centered quadrate in 10 meter radius Aquatic Total count & Folk count

Herpetofauna

Terrestrial / Aquatic

10 meter radius circular plot

Indirect evidence Survey in the village with the help of pictorial representation

Mammals Direct Count Line transect and Round transect Indirect evidence Surveys in the villages with the help of

pictorial representation 3.11.4 Topography of the study area

Topography of the region was characterized by mainly agricultural fields. Fallow lands and barren lands were very less as the most of the landscape were utilized for agriculture. Tree cover was also very less restricted to road side plantation and few along the boundary of the agriculture fields. Terrain is almost plain without much undulation. No natural forest area was observed in the study area.

3.11.5 Floral diversity of the study area

The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship and composition of species which are adapted to these variations have resulted in different vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The following account of floral diversity, based on the field survey conducted for a short duration in the April, 2011, is not very comprehensive data and is aimed only to give a general pattern of vegetation of this region during the study period as a baseline data. The vegetation of this area can be classified on the basis of habitats as; open fallow lands, area under cultivations, hedge vegetation, and vegetation in water logged region. The dominant tree species, herbs and shrubs and major crops were documented during this base line study. The list of floral species documented in the study area is enlisted in table 2.1.

The tree population was less in this part of Himatnagar District. The dominant trees growing in this area were Acacia nilotica, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachfa indica etc but Eucalyptus citriodora was maximum grown in this study area. The tree species observed in the study area is enlisted in the table 2.1

Shrubs are the dominant perennials of this area, represented mainly by, Prosopis juliflora, Calotropis procerd, C. gigantea, Ipomoea fistulosa and Opuntia elatior. The shrub species observed in the study area are documented in the table 3.1.

Hedge vegetation was mainly consisted of various climbers and shrubs like, Typha angustata, Triticum aestivum, Sorghum bicolor, Solanum surattense and Pennisetum typhoides.

The Barren land of this area was occupied by Prosopis juliflora, Opuntia elatior and Euphorbia nivulia.


64


(a) Trees Tree species enlisted from the study area is given in the table 3.30. 24 trees belongs to 14 families were enlisted from the study area.

Table 3.30 Dominant tree species in the study area

No Family & Scientific name Vernacular name 1 Anacardiaceae

1/1 Mangifera indica Keri/Mango (R) 2 Annonaceae

2/1 Polyathia longifolia Asopalav 3 Bignoniaceae

3/1 Tecomella undulate (Sm.) Roydo 4 Caricaceae

4/1 Carica papaya Papaiya 5 Caesalpiniaceae

5/1 Delonix regia (Boj) Gulmohar 6/2 Cassia fistula Garmalo 7/3 Parkinsonia aculeate L Rambaval 8/4 Tamarindas indicum L Amali

6 Casuarinaceae 9/1 Casuarina equisetifolia L Sharu

7 Combrataceae 10/1 Terminalia catapa L Badam

8 Meliaceae 11/1 Azadirachta indica A. juss Limbado 12/2 Melia azedarah L. Bakan Limdo

9 Mimosaceae 13/1 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. Subsp indiaca (Bth.)

Brenan. Baval

14/2 Acacia senegal (willd) Gobita 15/3 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb) Hermobhaval 16/4 Albizia lebbeck L. Siridl 17/5 Leucaena leucoephala (Lam.) De Pardesi Baval 18/6 Prosopis cineraria (L) Druce Khyigdo

10 Moraceae 19/1 Ficus benghalensis L Vad 20/2 Ficus religiosa L Piplo

11 Myrtaceae 21/1 Eucalyptus citriodora Hk Nilgari

12 Papilionaceae 22/1 Derris indica (Lam.) Karanj

13 Sapotaceae 23/1 Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Mahuvo

14 Fabaceae 24/1 Butea trondosa Kesudo (R)

(R) Indicate Rare Species


65


(b) Shrubs Shrubs encounter during the present survey are given in the Table 3.31. 17 shrubs belongs to 11 families were enumerated from the study area.

Table 3.31: Dominant shrubs in the study area

No. Family & Scientific name Vernacular name 1 Apocgnaceae

1/1 Thevetia peruviane Merr Pili karan 2/2 Nerium indicum Mill Lal Karen 3/3 Alstonia scholaris L Saptparni 4/4 Pulmeria rubra L Champo

2 Asclepiadaceae 5/1 Calotropis gigantean (L) R.Br Akado 6/2 Calotropis procera (Ait) R.Br Akado

3 Cactaceae 7/1 Opuntia elatior Mill Fafdo Thor

4 Caesalpiniaceae 8/1 Cassia auriculata L Aval

5 Capparaceae 9/1 Capparis deciduas (Forsk.) Edgew Kerdo

6 Euphorbiaceae 10/1 Euphorbia nivulia Buch – Ham Thor 11/2 Ricinus communis Arundo/Castor

7 Laguminoseace 12/1 Caesalpinia pulcherima Galtaro

8 Malvaceae 13/1 Gossypium herbaceum L Kapas 14/2 Hibiscus rosa sinensir L Jasund

9 Mimosaceae 15/1 Prosopis juliflora DC Gando Baval

10 Papilionaceae 16/1 Cajanus cajan Tuvar / Pigeon pea

11 Solanaceae 17/1 Datura metel L Dhanturo

(c) Herbs The herbaceous cover observed in this region is given in the table 3.32. 23 herbaceous species belong to 11 families were recorded from the study area. In this list of herbs, many other herbaceous species are not included which had been dried out and which were without flowers during the monitoring time of April, 2011.

Table 3.32 Herbaceous species observed in the area

No. Family & Scientific name Vernacular name 1 Acanthaceae

1/1 Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Kanatashelio, Akaro 2 Apocynaceae

2/1 Catharanthus roseus Barmasi 3 Asteraceae


66


No. Family & Scientific name Vernacular name 3/1 Echinops echinatus Roxb Shulio 4/2 Tridax procumbens L Pardesi Bhangro

4 Convolvulaceae 5/1 Ipomoea pes-caprae (L) Dariani vel 6/2 Ipomoea obscura Ker Vad Fudradi

5 Liliaceae 7/1 Aloe barbadensis mill Kunvarpato

6 Lamiaceae 8/1 Ocimum sanctum L Tulsi 9/2 O. Canam Sims Ramtulsi

10/3 O. Basilicum L. Damro 7 Malvaceae

11/1 Abutilon indicum Khapat/Kanski 12/2 Sida acuta Bala 13/3 Sida alba Kantalo Bala 14/4 Sida cordata Bala 15/5 Sida rhombifolia Bala

8 Papaveraceae 16/1 Argemone mexicana L. Darudi

9 Poaceae 17/1 Triticum aestivum L. Ghau 18/2 Sorghum bicolor (L) Jowar 19/3 Pennisetum typhoides Bajra

10 Solanaceae 20/1 Solanum indicum L. Ringani 21/2 Solanum surattense Brum Bhoy Ringani 22/3 Solanum nigrum Piludi

11 Typhaceae 23/1 Typha angustata Bory & Chaub Ramban, Ghabajariu

(d) Climbers And Twiners The climbers and twiners observed along the agricultural hedges and roadside hedges of the area are given in the table 3.33 9 climbers belongs to 4 families were recorded from the area. Table 3.33 Dominant climbers in the study area

No. Family & Scientific name Vernacular name 1 Convolvulaceae

1/1 Ipomea cairica (L) - 2/2 Ipomoea obcura L. - 3/3 Ipomea aquatic Forsk Nadanivel

2 Cuscutaceae 4/1 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb Amarvel

3 Menispermaceae 5/1 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Vevdi

4 Nyctaginaceae 6/1 Cytisus scoparis Light Pink Baugainvel


67


No. Family & Scientific name Vernacular name 7/2 Ehretia anacua Dark Pink Baugainvel 8/3 Baugainvellea spectabillis Yellow Baugainvel 9/4 Bougainvillea spectabilis Orange Baugainvel

(e) Cultivated Plants in the study area Almost all the villages in the study were actively engaged in agriculture practices. For irrigation in the non monsoon season the villagers were depending up on the village ponds which are filed as temporary storage tank, through canal net work. The agricultural crops, practiced in this area during April, 2011 were, wheat (Triticum aestivum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Bajra (Pennisetum typhoides) and Jowar (Sorghum bicolor) were generally cultivated immediately after monsoon. But during winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) was cultivated as major crop in this part of Himatnagar District. The other minor crops practiced at few isolated pockets were Bhoy Ringani (Solanum surattense), Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) etc.

(f) Major Crops Major crops in the study area during the study period (April, 2011) was wheat (Triticum aestivum), Castor (Ricinus communis) and Bajra (Pennisetum typhoides) were practiced at few isolated pockets. But after Monsoon, Rice (Oryaza sativa), Bajra (Pennisetum typhoides) were cultivated as major crops in this part of Khedbrahma and Vadali district. Additionally the summary of major crops of the study area is summarized in table 3.34 sourced from Census 2001.

(g) Minor Crops Minor crops practiced in this region after monsoon were Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) and Mirchi (Capsicum annuum).

(h) Pulses The pulses cultivated in this region was Tuver (Cajanus cajan)

(i) Vegetables Brinjal, Ringana (Solanum melongena) and Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) are the vegetables reported to be grown in the study area during this season.

(j) Horticultural practices and fruits grown Plantation of Papaya (Carica papaya), were observed at few localities. Tamarindus trees (Tamarindus indica) were observed adjacent to the residential area at almost all villages.

(k) Medicinal plants of the study area Plants are known for their therapeutic value and uses since ancient period. The reference of curative properties of the some herbs in “Rigveda” (3500 – 1800 BC) though of use of plants in medicine with the time more and more plants have been added to the native medicine. Out of the 17000 known flowering plant species in India, about 7500 wild plants species are reported to be used for medicinal purpose.

The medicinally important plants observed growing in the study area are given in the table 3.35.


68


Table 3.35: Medicinal Plants in the study area

No. Scientific Name Vernacular Name Useful Parts 1 Acacia nilotica Baval Bark, Flowers, Fruits , Gum

Leaves, Seeds 2 Aloe vera Kumarpathu Leaves, Whole plant

3 Azadirachta indica Limdo Bark, flowers, fruits, leaves

4 Calotropis gigantean Akado Flowers, Leaves, Roots, Root bark, Whole plants

5 Calotropis procera Akado Whole plant

6 Carica Papaya Papaya Fruit, Seeds

7 Datura metel Dhatura Fruits, Leaves, Seeds

8 Euphorbia nivulia Thor Leaves, Roots, Whole plant

9 Ficus bengalensis Vad Aerial Roots, Bark, Latex, Leaves, Roots, Seeds

(l) Rare and Endangered flora in the study area The IUCN Red list is the world’s most comprehensive inventory of the global conversation status of plants and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red list is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity.

Out of 17000 species of higher plants known to occur in India nearly 614 higher plant species were evaluated by IUCN. Among them 247 species are under threatened category (IUCN, 2007).

None species of rare and endangered were observed in the study area.

(m)Endemic plants of the study area De Candolle (1855) first used the concept of “Endemic“ which is defined as an area of a taxonomic unit, especially a species which has a restricted distribution or habitat, isolated from its surrounding region through geographical, ecological or temporal barriers.

Out of 17000 species of known flowering plants of India nearly 5000 species are said to be endemic. Nearly 58 genera and 1932 texa are found to be endemic to peninsular India (Ahmedulla & Nayar, 1987). None species of endemic pants were observed in the study area.

3.11.6 Faunal biodiversity of the study area

For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with respect to birds, reptiles, amphibians and butterfly species a baseline survey had been conducted. All together 13 villages were covered for the present biological baseline


69


study with in 10 km radius of the project site. This report is based on a short duration study. The following lists are obviously incomplete. It does not include many other species which might occur in this part of Khedbrahma and Vadali District, either as resident or as migrant in the other seasons of years. This data is based on the survey conducted during April, 2011.

(a) Birds of the study area

Systemic account of the birds in the study area with the status of occurrence is given in the table 3.36.

Table 3.36: Systematic lists of Birds in the study area

Family Scientific Name Local Name Apodidae (Swifts) Apus apus Common Swift Accipitridae Elanus caerwleus Black – winged kite

Accipitel nisus Sparrow – hawk Anhingidae Anhinga melanogaster Darter or Snake Birds Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret

Ardeola grajii Pond Heron Ciconiidae Mycteria leucocephala Painyed Strok Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Indian shag

Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant Threskiornithidae Pseudibis papillosa Black Ibis Columbidae Columba livia Rock Pigeon

Streptopelia decaocto Ring Dove Streptopelia orientalis Rufous turtle Dove

Dacelonidae Halcyon smyrnensis White brested Kingfisher Meropidae Merops leschenaultia Chestnut-headed Bee-

eater Merops persicus Crow – pheasant

Centropodidae Eudgnamys scolopacea Koel Cuculus canorus Cuckoo

Rallidae Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted water hen Corvidae Coracina macei Large cuckoo-Shrike

Corvus splendens House crow Disrurus macrocercus Black drongo

Passeridae Passer domesticus Pycnontidae Pycnonotus jocosus Red-Whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Red-Vented Bulbul

(b) Butterflies from the study area

Butterflies in the study area restricted to few places where Lantana camara and Calotropis procera were growing. Butterflies observed during the present study are documented in the table 3.37.

Table 3.37: Butterflies in the study area

Family Scientific name Common name Belenois java White Butterfly

Papilionidae Papilio polgtes Linnaeus Common Mormon


70


Family Scientific name Common name Pachliopta aristolochiae Common Rose Pieridae Eurema hecabe Linnaeus Common Grass yellow

Catopsilia pomona Fabricius Common Emigrant Delias eucharis Drury Common Jezebel Ixias pyrene Linnaeus Yellow orange tip

Nymphalidae Melanitis leda Linnaeus Common evening Brown Junonia hierta Fabricius Yellow pansy Junonia orithya Linnaeus Blue Pansy Mycalesis perseus Common bush brown

(c) Herpetofauna

Reptiles observed in the study area given in table 3.38

Table 3.38 Reptiles in the study area No. Common Name Scientific name

1 Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin) 2 Indian Cobra Naja naja (Linn.) 3 Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus 4 Common rat snake Ptyas mucosus (Linn.) 5 Common Indian monitor Varanus bengalensis 6 House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis

Not sighted but included as per the information provided by villagers

(d) Mammals The wild mammals observed other than domesticated ones from the study area is documented in the table 3.39.

Table 3.39: Mammals from the study area

No. Common Name Scientific name 1 Three striped Palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus) 2 Common House rat Rattus rattus (Linnaeus) 3 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy) 4 Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas) 5 Cow Bos tarutus 6 Goat Capra hircus 7 Buffalow Syncerus caffer 8 Dog Canis familiaris Not sighted but included as per the information provided by villagers

(e) Rare and Endangered fauna of the study area

The IUCN red list is the world’s most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base the IUCN Red list is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. IUCN, (2007) has evaluated 1976 animal species from India, among them 313 have in recognized as threatened species. Among them one species is considered as extinct


71


while 44 species are in critically endangered (CR) category, 88 is endangered category (EN), while 181 are considered as vulnerable (VU). Among the sighted fauna, black buck was evaluated as NT (near threatened) castigatory of ICUN from the study area belong to threatened categories of IUCN. Wild life (Protection) Act, 1972 amended on 17th January, 2003 is an Act to provide for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto with a view to ensuring the ecological and environmental security of the country. Some of the sighted fauna was given protection by the Indian wild life (Protection) Act, 1972 by including them in different schedules. Among the birds in the study area, Pea fowl (Pavo Cristatus), is included in schedule I of wild life protection Act (1972)m while many other birds are included in schedule IV. Among the reptiles, Common Indian monitor (Vvaranus bengalensis), Indian Cobra (Naja naja), and common rat snake (Ptyas mucosus) were provided protection as per Schedule- II of Wild Life Protection act, (1972). Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi) is a Schedule – II animals and Nilghai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is protected as Schedule – III animal of Wild Life Protection act 1972.

(f) Endemic fauna of the study area

None of the sighted animal species can be assigned endemic species category of the study area.

(g) Migratory birds & winter visitors in the study area

No migratory birds were observed in the study area during the survey conducted during April, 2011.

3.11.7 Status of the forest, their category in the study area

No natural forest was observed in the study area.

Please refer Annexure 13 for photographs showing the few of trees and birds in the study area.

Table 3.34 Major Crop Pattern in study area (Census 2001) No Village name Crop Pattern

Crop no.1 s Crop no.2 Crop no.3 1 Agiya Wheat Bajri Maize 2 Champalpur Wheat Bajri Maize 3 Chikhla Wheat Bajri Paddy 4 Damavas Wheat Maize Bajri 5 Delvada Maize Tuver Wheat 6 Derol Maize Pulses Paddy 7 Dholivav Maize Wheat Tuver 8 Didhiya Cotton Groundnut Wheat 9 Gadhada Wheat Bajri Maize


72


No Village name Crop Pattern Crop no.1 s Crop no.2 Crop no.3

10 Gadu Wheat Cotton Pulses 11 Galodiya Wheat Maize Pulses 12 Gundel Fennel seed Tuver Groundnut 13 Jagannathpur Maize Wheat Tuver 14 Jagmer Wheat Bajri Maize 15 Karunda Wheat Maize Jowar 16 Khedbrahma 17 Lakshmipura Wheat Pulses Oil 18 Metral Maize Wheat Tuver 19 Nichi Dhanal Wheat Pulses - 20 Padardi Maize Wheat Tuver 21 Paroya Paddy Wheat Maize 22 Pipodara Dolivada Wheat Maize Jowar 23 Radhivad Maize Jowar Wheat 24 Rodhara Maize Wheat Tuver 25 Rudramala Maize Wheat Tuver 26 Silvad Agri products Wheat Bajri 27 Sitol Maize Wheat Pulses 28 Tandaliya Wheat Agri.products Bajri 29 Unchi Dhanal Maize Wheat Pulse 30 Vartol Wheat Maize Cotton 31 Vasna Wheat Pulses - 32 Asai Wheat Maize Pulses 33 Bhandval Cotton Wheat Castor seeds 34 Chulla Vegetables Cotton Pulses 35 Dantroli Cotton Castor seeds Wheat 36 Dhamdi Maize Tuver Cotton 37 Dharod Maize Cotton Tuver 38 Dharol Cotton Wheat Maize 39 Dhirakamboya Maize Wheat Tuver 40 Dobhada Wheat Bajri Cotton 41 Gamadi Grains Cotton - 42 Gota Cotton Grains Pulses 43 Hatharva Cotton Maize - 44 Hathoj Maize Wheat Tuver 45 Himatpur Cotton Wheat Bajri 46 Jetpur Cotton Wheat Castor seeds 47 Juna Chamu Cotton Tuver Pulses 48 Kodareli Wheat Maize Pulses 49 Kanjeli Maize Wheat Tuver 50 Kesarganj Vegetables Cotton Maize 51 Malpur Bajri Wheat - 52 Medh Wheat Castor seeds Maize 53 Morad Maize Tuver Cotton 54 Nadri Maize Wheat Bajri 55 Nava Chamu Cotton Tuver Pulses 56 Rampur (Vasna) Wheat Maize Pulses 57 Savasla Cotton Wheat Castor seeds 58 Therasana Cotton Grains - 59 Thuravas Grains Bajri -


73


No Village name Crop Pattern Crop no.1 s Crop no.2 Crop no.3

60 Vadali Cotton Oil seeds Pulses 61 Vadgamda Grains Cotton Castor seeds 62 Vadoth Maize Cotton Tuver 63 Vasna (Asai) Wheat Maize Pulses 64 Ventla Vegetables Pulses Grains 65 Vivav Cotton Maize Tuver 66 Kuvavad - - - 67 Marvada - - - 68 Nakod - - -


74 EIA REPORT PREPARED BY VASUDEV ASSOCIATES, AHMEDABAD

Chapter 4 Environment Impact Assessment

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) may be defined as planning process concerned with identifying, analysing, predicting, assessing and communicating the potential impact arising from proposed programmes, plans, and development projects, which may affect the environment. The term “environmental impact” is used broadly to include a range of ecological, social, and economic impacts that may result from any of the activities associated with development of the project.

The major element involved in process of environment Impact assessment is identification of impact as it leads to other elements, such as quantification and evaluation of impacts. Although, in general, a number of impacts have been identified while describing the existing environmental status. It is necessary at this stage to assess the existing environmental scenario to facilitate the identification of the critical impacts that are occurring due to “the proposed project”, various component of environment therein.

Prediction of impacts is an important component in Environmental impact assessment process. Various techniques and methodology involve for predicting the impact due to proposed development of the project. Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively to describe the cause effect relationship between source of pollution and different component of the environment. The predicted impact will be super imposed on the data of present environmental scenario of environmental quality, to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental condition after the establishment of the proposed project. The quantitative prediction of impacts led to delineation of suitable environmental management plan needed for implementation during the commissioning of proposed activities. Cause effect analysis will describe the impact assessment simply.

With the implementation and commissioning of proposed project, different types of impacts of different magnitude will be cause to the environment in around the project area. The environmental and ecological aspects are likely to disturb because of change due to the proposed project operation. The various activities and source, during operations, which are liable to cause and impact, are also assessed and delineated.

There are various types of environmental impact arising due to the proposed project. Various environmental concerns due to proposed project are as below

(1) Air emissions (2) Waste water generation and discharge (3) Generation, Storage and disposal of hazardous/ solid waste



(4) Noise nuisance (5) Industrial accidents (6) Occupational Health Hazard (7) Socio Economic aspects The impact analysed are described here for environmental concern.

4.1 Air Emissions:

The air quality impacts of source or collection of sources are evaluated by use of models. The model stimulates the relationship between air pollutants emission, meteorology and air chemistry, all of which are determined by formulating impact scenario. The mathematical model is used for prediction of air quality for production capacity 9000 MT/month. By using steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for multi point sources, the impacts on an air quality in the vicinity of the project site, is quantified. The impact on air quality from any project depend on various factors like, meteorological parameters, plant design capacity, configuration, process technology, raw materials used, fuel to be used, air pollution control measures to be taken, operation & maintenance and material handling within the plan premises.

4.1.1 Source of Air Pollution: At the project site, emitting pollutants are considered sourcing from Raw Mill Grinding & Blending Mill, Vertical Shaft Kiln (VSK), Hammer Mill and Cement Mills. The heights and diameters of the stacks are tabulated with the SPM load as per the IS:12002-1987. The SPM is considered as major air pollutants from this sources. The air modelling was carried out for SPM emission from all sources in cumulative way, considering the emission loads as per the IS: 12002-1987 and limits specified by CPCB for Cement industry. The details study is summarized here with the theory of Air Modeling, input criteria, basis and output.

4.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Modeling

(a) Introduction

Air quality impact assessment is an important study; Mathematical modeling is an established and accepted technique to predict the air quality. In this study, impact on environment due to the proposed Cement Plant (with VSK technology) plant has been assessed with the help of Mathematical modeling



following the Central Pollution Control Boards Guidelines. The mathematical model used for conducting the study is the latest version of Industrial Source Complex. Model developed by the Environment Protection Agency of United States (ISC-3, 1996), which is entirely in line with the requirements of Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi.

(b) Emission and stack details Emission rates and stack details are as shown in table No. 4.1. Table no.4.1: Basis of emission rate calculations*

A Stack attached to Wet Scrubber of VSK (4 Stacks) 1 No. of Stack : 4 Nos. 2 Stack Gas Volume per stack ** : 14060 Nm3/hr 3 Stack Gas Temperature per stack : 150oC 4 Stack Gas Velocity per stack : 8.0 m/sec. 5 Stack Gas Dia. per stack : 0.8 m 6 Stack Height per stack : 30 m 7 PM Concentration per stack : 50 mg/Nm3 8 SPM Emission Rate per stack : 0.195 gms/sec. B Stack attached to Bag Filter for Raw Mill Grinding and Blending Silos 1 Stack Gas Volume : 9000 Nm3/hr 2 Stack Gas Temperature : 50oC 3 Stack Gas Velocity : 6.0 m/sec. 4 Stack Gas Dia. : 0.8 m 5 Stack Height : 15 m 6 PM Concentration : 50 mg/Nm3 7 SPM Emission Rate : 0.125 gms/sec C Stack attached to Bag Filter of Hammer Mill 1 Stack Gas Volume : 9000 Nm3/hr 2 Stack Gas Temperature : 50oC 3 Stack Gas Velocity : 6.0 m/sec. 4 Stack Gas Dia. : 0.8 m 5 Stack Height : 15 m 6 PM Concentration : 50 mg/Nm3 7 SPM Emission Rate : 0.125 gms/sec D Stack attached to Bag Filter of Cement Mill(3 stacks) 1 No. of Stack : 3 Nos. 2 Stack Gas Volume per stack ** : 2500 Nm3/hr 3 Stack Gas Temperature per stack : 50oC 4 Stack Gas Velocity per stack : 8.00 m/sec. 5 Stack Gas Dia. per stack : 0.15 m 6 Stack Height per stack : 30 m 7 PM Concentration per stack : 50 mg/Nm3 8 SPM Emission Rate per stack : 0.0346 gms/sec. Note:-

(*) : This is based on 300 MTPD Cement Manufacturing Capacity (**) : Based on IS:12002-1987” Code of Practice for Control of Air Pollution Cement

Plant @ 3 Nm3/Kg of Product. (***) : Based on IS:12002-1987” Code of Practice for Control of Air Pollution Cement

Plant @ 0.4 Nm3/Kg of Product



(c) Table 4.2 Emission Source Co-Ordinates

No. Source Co-ordinates X (m) Y(m)

A SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER(SPM) 1 Stack Attached to Wet Scrubber of VSK(Exhaust-1) 0.00 0.00 2 Stack Attached to Wet Scrubber of VSK(Exhaust-2) 5.00 0.00 3 Stack Attached to Wet Scrubber of VSK(Exhaust-3) 10.00 0.00 4 Stack Attached to Wet Scrubber of VSK(Exhaust-4) 15.00 0.00 6 Stack Attached to Raw Mill Grinding and Blending Silos 10.00 -10.00 7 Stack Attached to Bag Filter of Hammer Mill 10.00 -20.00 8 Stack attached Bag filter to Cement Mill (Exhaust-1) 0.00 10.00 9 Stack attached Bag filter to Cement Mill (Exhaust-2) 10.00 10.00

10 Stack attached Bag filter to Cement Mill (Exhaust-3) 20.00 10.00

(d) Mathematical Model for pollutants dispersion

In the present case ISC-3 (Industrial Source Complex) model has been used to assess the air impacts. This ISC model for stack uses the steady state Gaussian plume equation for a continuous elevated source. The features of this model are:

Simulates dispersion from single/multi/area/line/volume sources.

Allows calculations to be made at a user specified regular rectangular grids.

Provides estimates of concentrations for any averaging time period for the

entire period of input meteorology.

Allows calculations to be underwriters for source group as selected by the uses.

Uses the Briggs dispersion curves as selected by the user, to derive the plume spread parameters.

Adjust dispersion curves to account for user specified information on aerodynamic roughness.

Adjust for wind speed variation with height, using user specified default urban/rural power. Co-efficient.

Simulates dispersion from buoyant non buoyant Point sources, non buoyant area, non buoyant volume sources and non buoyant line sources.

User Brigg’s plume rise algorithm to calculate plume height.

For a steady-state Gaussian plume, the hourly concentration at downwind distance x (meters) and crosswind distance y (meters) is given by:



QKVD X (x,y,z) = ------------------ exp [-0.5 (y/2y)2 ] ...................Equation 1.1 2 p u y z

Where: X = Concentration of pollutant at a point (x, y); (g/m3) Q = Source strength (Pollutant Release Rate); (g/s) u = Horizontal wind speed at the source level; (m/s) y & z = Vertical & Horizontal crosswind dispersion coefficients respectively,

which are a function of downwind distance 'x' and atmospheric stability; (m)

K = a scaling coefficient to convert calculated concentrations to desired units (default value of 1X 10+06 for Q in g/sec and concentration in g/m3)

V = Vertical Term, which includes the effects of source elevation, receptor elevation, plume rise, limited mixing in the vertical, and the gravitational settling and dry deposition of particulate (with diameter greater than 0.1 microns)

D = Decay Term

The ISC model uses either a Polar or a Cartesian receptor network. In this case Polar receptor network has been used.

(e) Vertical Term

The Vertical of the Gaussian plume. It includes the effects of source elevation, receptor elevation, plume rise, limited mixing in the vertical, and the gravitational settling and dry deposition of particulates. In addition to the plume height, receptor height and mixing height, the computation of the Vertical Term requires the vertical dispersion parameter (z). The Vertical Term without Dry Deposition In general, the effects on ambient concentrations of gravitational settling and dry deposition can be neglected for gaseous pollutants and small particulates (less than about 0.1 microns in diameter). The Vertical Term without deposition effects is then given by:

V = exp[ -0.5((zr - he) /z )2 ] + exp [-0.5((zr + he) /z )2 ] +

i = 1 { exp[-0.5(H1 / z )2 ] + exp[ -0.5(H2 / z )2 ] +



exp[ -0.5(H3 / z )2 ] + exp [-0.5(H4 / z )2 ] }..................Equation 1-2 where:

he = hs + h hs = stack height (mt) h = Plume rise (mt) zr = receptor height above ground (flagpole) (mt) zi = mixing height (mt) H1 = zr - (2izi - he ) H2 = zr + (2izi - he ) H3 = zr - (2izi + he ) H4 = zr + (2izi + he )

The infinite series term in Equation 1- accounts for the effects of the restriction on vertical plume growth at the top of the mixing layer. The method of image sources is used to account for multiple reflections of the plume from the ground surface and at the top of the mixed layer. It should be noted that, if the effective stack height he, exceeds the mixing height, zi, the plume is assumed to fully penetrate the elevated inversion and the ground-level concentration is set equal to zero.

Equation 1-2 assumes that the mixing height in rural and urban areas is known for all stability categories. The meteorological preprocessor program uses mixing heights derived from twice-daily mixing heights calculated using the Holzworth procedures. The ISC models currently assume unlimited vertical mixing under stable conditions, and therefore delete the infinite series term in Equation 1-2 for the E and F stability categories. The Vertical Term defined by Equation 1-2 changes the form of the vertical concentration distribution from Guassian to rectangular (i.e., a uniform concentration within the surface mixing layer) at long downwind distances. Consequently, in order to reduce computational time without a loss of accuracy, Equation 1-2 is changed to the form: V = 2 z / zi ...................................................Equation 1- 3 at downwind distances where the z/zi ratio is greater than or equal to 1.6. The meteorological preprocessor program, RAMMET, used by the ISC Short Term model uses an interpolation scheme to assign hourly rural and urban mixing heights on the basis of the early morning and afternoon mixing heights calculated using the Holzworth procedures. The interpolation procedures are functions of the stability category for the hour before sunrise. Because of the uncertainties about the applicability of Holzworth mixing heights during periods of E and F stability,



the ISC models ignore the interpolated mixing heights for E and F stability, and treat such cases as having unlimited vertical mixing.

(f) The Decay Term (D)

The Decay Term in Equation 1-1 is a simple method of accounting for pollutant removal by physical or chemical processes. It is of the form: D = exp(- x/us) for > 0.........................................Equation 1-4 or = 1 for = 0 where: = the decay coefficient (sec-1) ( a value of zero means decay is not considered) x = downwind distance (m) For example, if T1/2 is the pollutant half life in seconds, the user can obtain from the relationship: = 0.693/T1/2...............................................................................................Equation 1-5 The default value of is zero. That is, decay is not considered in the model calculations unless is specified. However, a decay half life of 4 hours ( = 0.0000481 sec-1) is automatically assigned for SO2 when modeled in the urban mode.

(g) Wind Speed at Stack Height

The wind power law is used to adjust the observed wind speed, uref , from a reference measurement height, zref , to the stack or release height, hs. The stack height wind speed, us, is used in the Gaussian plume equation (Equation 1-1), and in the plume rise formulas. The power law equation is of the form:

us = uref (hs/zref)p ..................................................Equation 1-6

Table 4.3 Wind speed roughness exponent for urban and rural area

Stability Category Rural Exponent Urban Exponent A 0.07 0.15 B 0.07 0.15 C 0.1 0.20 D 0.15 0.25 E 0.35 0.30 F 0.55 0.30



(h) Effective Stack Height

The effective stack, height, he to be used in Gaussian equation is given. He = Hs + Hpr Where, Hpr. = Plume rise due to thermal and momentum factors. He = Effective stack height (m) Hs = Physical stack height (m) In the present case plums rise has been calculated by Brigg’s formula (1975). The details of this equation are given below.

Plume Rise under Unstable and Neutral Conditions

Plume Rise Under Unstable And Neutral Conditions

(a) Buoyancy dominated

Hpr = 1.6 F 1/3 (X) 2/3 / U ....................................Equation 1-7

Where X 3.5 X* and X* = 14 F 5/8 if F< 55 m4/sec3

= 34 F 2/3 if F 55 m4/sec3 ....................................Equation 1-8

In present computations X is taken equal to 3.5 X*. For this value of X maximum plume rise under unstable and neutral conditions is governed by the following simplified equations:

21.425 F 0.75

Hpr (max) = ; F < 55 m4/sec3 U

38.71 F 0.60 = ; F 55 m4/sec3 ............Equation 1-9

U

Here F = gVs (Ds/2)2 [(Ts - Ta)/Ts] ....................................Equation 1-10

Where,

g = 9.81 m/s2 Vs = Stack gas velocity (m/s) Ds = Stack Diameter at top (m)



Ts = Stack gas temperature (deg.K) Ta = Ambient temperature (deg.K)

(b) Momentum Dominated Plume Rise Under Unstable And Neutral

Conditions

Hpr (max) = 3 Ds (Vs/U); Vs/U > 4 ........................Equation 1-11

Determination of dominance of buoyancy or momentum under unstable and neutral conditions

First T and (T)c are calculated by following equations :

T = Ts - Ta

0.0297 Ts Vs 1/3 (T)c = ; F < 55 m 4/S3 ...........Equation 1-12 DS 2/3

0.05757 Ts Vs 1/3 = ; F 55 m4/s3 ...............Equation 1-13 DS 2/3 If Ts > Ta and T > (c assumed plume rise is buoyancy dominated and if Ts < Ta or T < (T)c plume rise is assumed momentum dominated. Plume rise under stable weather conditions (a) Buoyancy dominated plume rise.

Hpr = 2.6 (F/US) 1/3 ...............................................Equation 1-14

Here

S = stability parameter

g S = Ta Z .....................................Equation 1-15

Here = temperature gradient Z

= 0.02 for stability E Z = 0.035 for stability F

U = wind velocity at stack level (m/s)



(b) Momentum dominated plume rise:

Vs2 Ds2 Ta-1/3 -1/6 Hpr = 1.5 [-------------------------] S ...............Equation 1-16 4 T U

(c) Determination of dominance of momentum or buoyancy for plume rise under

stable weather condition:

(T)c = 0.01958 Ta Vs S 1/2 ....................................Equation 1-17 Ts >Ta & (T) > (T)c plume rise is assumed buoyancy dominated if Ts < Ta or (T)< (T)c plume rise is assumed momentum dominated

Determination of Plume Rise under Calm Conditions (Wind Velocity at 10 M less than 2 kmph)

In case of calm winds plume rise is calculated by equation (13) and following equation and the lower value of two is taken as final plume rise.

Hpr = 4 F 1/4 S -3/8 ............................................................Equation 1-18

(i) Dispersion Co-efficient

In the present computations the dispersion coefficients proposed by PASQUILL and GIFFORD and reported by TURNER for Rural area have been used. The dispersion coefficients are valid up to 10 Kms. distances from pollution source. The equations are as follows: Table 4.4 Parameters used to calculate Pasqull-Gifford y (m)

Pasquill Stability Category y = 465.11628 (x) tan (TH) TH = 0.017453293 (c-d ln (x))

A 24.1670 2.53340 B 18.3330 1.80960 C 12.5000 1.08570 D 8.3330 0.72382 E 6.2500 0.54287 F 4.1667 0.36191



Table 4.5: Parameters used to calculate Pasqull-Gifford z(m) Pasquill Stability Category

z = a(x) b ( x in km.)

A* X (km.) A b < 0.10 122.80 0.94470 0.10-0.15 158.080 1.05420 0.16-0.20 170.220 1.09320 0.21-0.25 179.520 1.12620 0.26-0.30 217.410 1.26440 0.31-0.40 258.890 1.40940 0.41-0.50 346.750 1.72830 0.51-3.11 453.850 2.11660 >3.11 ** **

B* <0.20 90.673 0.93198 0.21-0.40 98.483 >0.40 109.300

C* All 61.141 0.91465

D* <0.30 34.459 0.86974 0.31-1.00 32.093 0.81066 1.01-3.00 32.093 0.64403 3.01-10.00 33.504 0.60486 10.01-30.00 36.650 0.56589 >30.00 44.053 0.51179 E <0.10 24.260 0.83660 0.10-0.30 23.331 0.81956 0.31-1.00 21.628 0.75660 1.01-2.00 21.628 0.63077 2.01-4.00 22.534 0.57154 4.01-10.00 24.703 0.50527 10.01-20.00 26.970 0.46713 20.01-40.00 35.420 0.37615 >40.00 47.618 0.29592

F < 0.20 15.209 0.81558 0.21-0.70 14.457 0.78407 0.71-1.00 13.953 0.68465 1.01-2.00 13.953 0.63227 2.01-3.00 14.823 0.54503 3.01-7.00 16.187 0.46490 7.01-15.00 17.836 0.41507 15.01-30.00 22.651 0.32681 30.01-60.00 27.074 0.27436 >60.00 34.219 0.21716

Note:

* If the calculated value of z exceed 5000 m, z is set to 5000 m. ** z is equal to 5000 m.



(j) Meteorological data used in assessment The meteorological parameters namely: ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and stability class were obtained from IMD Ahmedabad for the Period of January 2009 to March 2009. As specific mixing heights were not available, mixing height based on CPCB publication “Spatial Distribution of Hourly Mixing Depth over Indian Region”, PROBES/88/2002-03 has been used. The windrose diagram for the Month of January 2009 is shown in Figure No. 4.1.

(k) Atmospheric Stability The hourly occurrence of various stability classes is determined by wind direction fluctuation method. The stability classification system based on wind direction fluctuation method is as follows. Relationship between and stability class as suggested by Slade (1965) is given in table 4.6. Table 4.6: Relationship between and stability class Stability Class (degrees)

A > 22.5 B 22.4 - 17.5 C 17.4 - 12.5 D 12.4 - 7.5 E 7.4 - 3.5 F < 3.5

4.1.3 Results of the ISCST-3 Model

The average and maximum Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) have been determined for SPM. The average 24hrs. concentrations have been determined in polar grid of 100 up to 3600 for a distance of 500m, 1000 m, 2000 m, 3000m, 5000m, 7000m, and 10000 m. The results are presented in Table No. 4.7 and Isopleths of same is shown in Annexure 9. The overlapped Isopleths on Google Image of the same is shown as at Annexure 10. The summary of Maximum Predicted GLC is shown in Table No. 4.8. The ground level point is also presented in Google image in figure 4.2, that shows the distance from the source in x (-321.39) and y (-383.02) direction with values in m. in 3rd quadrant.



Figure No.4.1 For the month of January 2009



Table no. 4.7: The 1st highest 24-hr average concentration values of SPM in µg/cum Direction O Distance (meters)

500 1000 2000 3000 5000 7000 10000 10 0.02225 0.16540 0.25177 0.22132 0.15097 0.10863 0.07226 20 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 30 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 40 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 50 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 60 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 70 0.00031 0.00004 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 80 0.03592 0.00935 0.00223 0.00097 0.00030 0.00013 0.00005 90 0.49868 0.18200 0.07153 0.04256 0.02135 0.01322 0.00774 100 2.19704 1.06335 0.49225 0.30787 0.16645 0.10937 0.07763 110 5.49793 2.92701 1.56391 1.08672 0.68829 0.51010 0.37171 120 4.96103 2.21215 1.10183 0.73548 0.43997 0.31241 0.21632 130 6.50727 1.42836 0.63765 0.42986 0.26558 0.19494 0.14106 140 5.84678 1.24947 0.59236 0.41003 0.25860 0.19104 0.13862 150 6.93155 1.49128 0.67093 0.44765 0.27041 0.19707 0.14074 160 7.64328 2.05245 1.00287 0.68931 0.43009 0.31530 0.22690 170 5.46999 1.72698 0.85548 0.58388 0.36015 0.26167 0.18633 180 3.96004 1.00132 0.51641 0.35011 0.21397 0.15443 0.10911 190 6.92160 1.75970 0.87043 0.59586 0.37055 0.27134 0.19521 200 7.36387 3.57911 2.71723 1.96704 1.16864 0.79343 0.51270 210 5.17903 1.82381 1.18056 0.99154 0.67125 0.48473 0.32981 220 15.85543 11.64729 5.57024 3.34507 1.70554 1.08174 0.66373 230 6.87296 7.71178 4.47247 2.86353 1.53833 0.99889 0.62448 240 3.66066 1.54071 0.77966 0.53190 0.34146 0.25560 0.18842 250 5.69896 4.55495 3.44435 2.65813 2.02080 1.52928 1.05886 260 6.77627 3.51221 1.82554 1.24673 0.77131 0.56234 0.40243 270 7.07416 4.43487 2.34793 1.61765 1.01272 0.74467 0.53818 280 4.35537 1.73020 0.90753 0.63593 0.40670 0.30326 0.22241 290 3.43227 1.15447 0.54984 0.36533 0.21618 0.15199 0.10390 300 1.59305 0.39084 0.14515 0.08435 0.04132 0.02530 0.01786 310 1.13321 0.16615 0.04796 0.03214 0.01927 0.01368 0.00945 320 0.49560 0.06275 0.01317 0.00800 0.00440 0.00294 0.00190 330 0.13104 0.01305 0.00224 0.00119 0.00051 0.00028 0.00015 340 0.01758 0.00126 0.00012 0.00004 0.00001 0.00000 0.00000 350 0.00057 0.00002 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 360 0.32413 4.08876 9.67428 10.40772 9.07967 7.70080 6.05533



Table 4.8: Maximum Computed GLCs values

No Description 1st Highest Value

Concn (µg/m3)

Co-ordinates X (m) Y (m)

A SPM 1 1st Highest 24 hr. Result 15.85543 -321.39 -383.02 2 2nd Highest 24 hr. Result 14.58089 -321.39 -383.02

Figure 4.2 Image shows the point of maximum impact concentration of SPM at ground level

4.1.4 Effect of Particulate Matters on Materials, Vegetations, Animals and Human

Being: The particulate matter emission from Cement industries is not toxic in nature. Hence there is no toxic effect on human health, animal, vegetation, and on materials. The dust particles in excess concentration from the cement industries if deposited on leaves have effect to photosynthesis process in plants leaves. Particles can be chemically inert, may absorb chemically active substances from the atmosphere, or they may combine to form chemically active species. Particulates will soil painted surface, clothing, and curtains merely by settling on them. This needs repainting the surface on little early then scheduled. Collective effort describing the general effects of cement dust on different organ and systems in humans or animals, or both has not been published.

383.02 m

321.39 m



(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=15448758&cmd=showdetailview&indexed=google) Particulate matter (PM) alone or in combination with other pollutants constitutes a very serous health hazard. PM enters the human body mainly via the respiratory system. Damage to the respiratory organs may follow directly, since it has been observed particles having size between 0.01 to 0.1 µm which penetrate pulmonary compartment and deposit in it. It is extremely difficult to obtain a direct relationship between exposure to various concentrations of PM and the resulting effects upon human health. (Air Pollution by Park & Parker)

4.1.5 Effect of Sulphur Dioxide on Materials, Vegetations, Animals and Human Being: The sulphur dioxide will not have significant impact due to this project. However, the effect of the pollutant is addressed for general information. The sulphur dioxide gas acts as a pungent, suffocating, irritant gas in its effect on the upper respiratory tract under moderate exposure i.e. concentration more that 7950 µg/cum (Air Pollution by Park & Parker).

4.2 Water Environment:

Impact on water environment, because of this proposed project, will be in terms of how much water project proponent are going to use and the quantity of wastewater generation with respect to the water resources availability and ground water recharge rate in the study area. The quantity of water proposed to be used is of less quantity compared to the water consumption pattern of the study area the majority of water, withdrawn, is being used largely for irrigation purpose and balance by domestic, commercial and industrial purpose in the vicinity. There will be negligible impact of proposed water consumption in the study area. The VSK technology is dry process technology, consumes less water consumption as compared to the wet process technology in cement manufacturing. The water from scrubber will be re-used in the nodulisers for water feed. The wastewater discharge from the industrial activity will be nil. There is no significant impact of domestic waste water from proposed project activity. The study area is falling under the safe zone classified by Central Ground Water Authority. No impact on ground water balance is envisaged due to drawl of water by Project Proponent.



4.3 Land Environment:

The proposed project activity will be carried out on the land purchased by the project proponent. There will not be any significant change in land use pattern due to proposed project; hence, there is no major impact on land use pattern. The drainage pattern is not affected due the proposed project as the project is having no natural drainage passing through the plot having plot total area of 11,736 sqm. The land use pattern after project for 11,736 sqm. will be altered from agriculture purpose land to non-agriculture land for industrial purpose with construction area in 3192.50 sqm area, green belt area of 2025.52 sqm., and open area of about 4,543.58 sqm. The soil within the project site will have impact of altering the surface textures due to dust deposition from fugitive emission. This will be due to bulk materials handling and vehicular movement within the premises. This will re-suspend the dust, get travelled within the premises and deposited the dust on soil surface.

4.4 Noise Environment:

The noise level generation will be increased marginally in the project area due the scale of operation in the proposed project, which is supposed to be slightly unhealthy for the workers present at the individual operation. The materials handling, vehicular movement, ram material mill, crusher, hammer mill and ball mill will contribute noise pollution within the factory premises. The suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) are recommended for the workers working and exposed to the noise. There will be little impact of noise outside the premises due to the scale of operation, however due to scattered residential settlement the effect of the noise in the nearby area will be negligible. The barricade of 3.00 m high is provided on boundary of the project site. Further, the trees having vertical growth in green belt will be developed on project boundary.

4.5 Socio Economy Environment:

The proposed plant will be the part of contribution to the socio economic status of the study area. The impact of the proposed project on socio economic conditions in the study area is described

(1) There will be increase in direct and indirect employment (2) Potential growth in business associated with the project (3) Contribution to the state and national domestic products (4) Increase in state and central revenue by way of taxes,



(5) Deterioration of health of workers due to dust emissions and gaseous pollutant for long term exposure.

(6) Positive change in primary amenities to the workers, his family and to nearby villagers

(7) Positive/negative Change in life style of village family associated with the industry

(8) Positive change in economic growth of study area (9) Change in employment pattern in the study area due to industry w.r.t

agricultural worker being attracted by remuneration (10) Positive change due to industry resulting awareness of literacy among

the workers, his family (11) Encouragement and economic support to the various groups for

aesthetic and recreational facilities in the surrounding area will change the quality of life of people in study area.

In view of above, the overall impacts on socio economic environment due to proposed project are long term toward positive in nature.

4.6 Flora and Fauna Environment

The impact on flora and fauna is addressed in Impact on Air Environment in sub-section 4.1.4 and 4.1.5.



5. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

5.1 Introduction

The Environmental Management Plant (EMP) has been designed within the frame

work of various regulatory requirements on environmental and socio economic

aspects aiming for (1) Prevent air, water, soil and noise parameters, (2) Minimize

disturbances to native flora & fauna, (3) avoids sites of historical, cultural and

archaeological significance, (4) encourage the socio economic development, and

to follow MoEF guideline. The unit is assuring for compliance of relevant

legislation and following the said EMP for streamline operation.

The EMP will address the following

(1) Air emissions (2) Waste water generation and discharge (3) Generation, Storage and disposal of hazardous/ solid waste (4) Noise nuisance (5) Green belt development (6) Occupational Health Hazard (7) Socio Economic aspects

5.2 Environmental Management Cell:

Apart from having an EMP, it is also necessary to have a permanent organization

set up having defined responsibilities and authorities to an individual ensuring its

effective implementation. Being small scale unit, management will directly

involved in day to day operational aspects of Environmental Management Plan

and will set responsibilities to plant in-charge for implementation of EMP for its

effectiveness. Work will be assigned to individuals to look after an operation and

maintenance of Pollution Control Facilities like, Air Pollution Control Equipment,

Solid/hazardous Waste management, and to maintaining Green belt area. Job will

be also defined for person looking after maintaining records related to EMP and

following up with external agencies including statutory and regulatory authorities,

Environmental Auditors, Environmental Consultants, indenters. Training

programmes will be conducted at premises to update and enhance EMP

implementation by employees, workers and contractors. The organization chart

with role and responsibility is shown in Annexure 13.



5.3 Impact Mitigation Techniques:

5.3.1 Air:

There are mainly two types of air emissions mainly includes process emissions,

and fugitive emissions. In process, SPM is the main pollutants, which will be

emitted mainly from to bulk material handling including lime stones, clay,

gypsum, clinker, from grinding, blending of such masses and bagging, milling of

finished product cement.

5.3.1.1 Mitigation techniques for process emission:

The process emission from Vertical Shaft Kiln will be scrubbed in Ventury

Scrubber. The process gas will be emitted to air environment through 30 m high

stacks from each kiln. The fresh water will be charged in ventury scrubber to

replace the scrubbed media. The scrubbed water will be re-used in making nodule

to charge in the VSK from top.

The bag filter unit attached to cement mill will control the cement dust to emit in

to the air environment. Air blowers, stack, are recommended to maintain, cleaned

to minimize the re-suspension of deposited dust.

5.3.1.2 Mitigation techniques for Fugitive emission:

The air pollution control measures proposed to mitigate the air pollution due to

fugitive emissions. The sources like, material loading and unloading, material

grinding, blending, and materials conveying etc will be controlled through

providing bag filter units as addressed in chapter 2. It is reproduced here for

reaffirm the management commitment.



Table 5.1: Proposed Air Pollution Control Measures and Estimated Cost in Rs.

No. Section Type of Air pollution

control measures Estimated Cost in Rs.

1 Crushing Section And Raw Material Silos

-Reverse pulse jet type bag filter -Enclosures for Hammer Mill and Crusher

Rs. 2,50,000/-

2 Raw Mill and Blending Silo

Two nos. of Reverse pulse jet type bag filters

Rs. 3,00,000/-

3 Vertical Shaft Kiln Exhaust

Wet Scrubber Rs. 7,00,000/-

4 Clinker Crusher & Cement Mill Feed Hopper

Common facility of Reverse pulse jet type bag filter

Rs. 5,00,000/- 5 Cement Blending

Silo & Packing Section

The equipment, facilities associated with the gas emissions requires preventive

and routine maintenance to mitigate the fugitive emissions. Management needs to

procure appropriate material of construction for the equipment, piping, valves,

glands, lids, vents; fittings etc to and eliminate chances of fugitive emission. The

dust suppression by water sprinkling on plant area and approach road inside the

premises is suggested. The boundaries of premises shall be covered with green

belt and barricade to control fugitive emission to outside premises. Care will be

taken during the handling of the raw materials and finished goods, to minimise the

emissions during the transportation within the premises and from the site by road.

The Project Proponent is suggested using vacuum cleaner at Cement storage

area and packing section to minimize the fugitive emission in addition to

provision of Reverse pulse jet type bag filters in Cement mill and Cement Packing

section. This will reduce the risk of dust exposures to workers working in

section and reduce the health hazards due to silica exposure.

The project proponent is suggested to develop the paved access road from entry

to loading unloading area for vehicular movement. This will reduce the top soil

contamination due dust cover on top soil. Further water sprinkling is



considered by Project Proponent to suppress the dust re-suspension in high speed

wind duration.

5.3.2 Water:

Water will be used for domestic and Industrial purpose. The ground water will be

source. The generation of industrial waste water is nil for disposal. The waste

water generated from the domestic use (sewage) will be discharged in to septic

tank-soak well system. Apart from above, unit will need continuously efforts to

minimize the water consumption and reduce the domestic waste water generation

from various sections.

The project proponent is recommended to plan for rain water harvesting within

the project boundary. The percolating well with pre-treatment comprising of

settling and filtration unit is suggested to control the dust particles to be

removed from rain water for percolation. The two percolating wells will be

provided to recharge rain water. The filtration media will be provided at

percolating well. The particles retained, during the rainy season, on the filtration

media will be cleaned and get re-used in making the clinker. The Project

Proponent needs to get idea based on experience for location of percolating wells.

5.3.3: Hazardous/ Solid Waste Management:

The objective of waste management is to protect the environment by ensuring that

waste does not contaminate the environment at such rate or in such a form to

damage the environment or encumber the nature’s assimilative capacity. Waste

elimination and minimisation programme is crucial, both environmentally and

economically for reducing waste related liabilities and cost.

Part of Cleaner Production activities: The cement industry is using Gypsum and

Iron sludge, generated from various chemical units located in the nearby area as a

raw material in their process. Unit will use fly ash generated from the various

power plants, as a raw material in their process. Considering this facts industry

has planned to re-use such each waste from other units, having liability on their

part and is value added materials for cement manufacturing. In VSK, the



temperature is not suitable to decompose safely the hazardous waste having high

calorific value which could substitute traditional coke in VSK.

Lubricating oil will be collected in drums and returned back to the supplier where

it is recycled and reused again, the drums to be stored in special designated zone

in the central stores area.

5.3.4 Soil:

Unit is suggested to protect the soil by following methods/techniques:

Adequate storage area, and appropriate storage yards be provided for the

storage and handling of the raw materials, iron sludge and gypsum sludge.

Store and handle the raw materials and finished product within plant area with

care.

Train and aware the workers for the handling of materials to prevent the

spillages.

The spillage should be controlled at sources during materials handling to

prevent the soil contamination.

5.3.5 Noise:

Some of the design features provided to ensure low noise level shall be given as

below:

The production building is housing by building materials like corrugated sheet

to control the noise level outside premises.

The sources of noise like Hammer mill are surrounded by Barricade walls and

top ceiling to control the noise and fugitive emissions.

Raw Material Crusher is surrounded by Barricades in surrounding to tap the

noise.

All rotating items need be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far

as possible to reduce noise transmission.

In general noise generating items such as mills, fans, blowers, compressors,

pumps, motors etc will be specified as to limit the speed and reduce noise



levels. The static and dynamic balancing of equipment will be insisted upon

and will be verified during inspection and installation by project proponent.

Provision of silencer shall be made where ever possible, mainly in blower unit.

Proper housekeeping of all the noise generating equipment will be done to

avoid excessive noise generation.

PPE will be provided to the workers exposed to critical noise level source.

By provision of green belt and 3.00 to 5.00 m. high barricades in and around

of the plant premises it will act as noise barrier.

The noise level will be monitored on regular basis in Preventive maintenance

schedule and the corrective feasible action be taken for improvement and

reducing the noise level.

5.3.6 Socio Economic Environment:

The unit is committed to upliftment of surrounding region’s socio economy by

providing direct and indirect opportunities of employment and business in the

region. Further, unit will contribute the aids to education, recreational

activities, festivals and social programmes etc.

Due to the proposed project, it will bring about an increase in the state &

national domestic product and result in payment of excise duty and sales tax

those will have positive regional impact. To achieve the socio economic

upliftment, the Project Proponent is suggested to carry out the Corporate

Social Responsibility (CSR) activity in study area. The brief summary is

addressed here as part of CSR.

Details about the Corporate Social Responsibility:

As the Project Proponent (PP) is going to utilize the natural resources

available in the nearby area either by mining or any other means and the

overall process of manufacturing cement may lead to noise pollution and air

pollution if adequate measures are not implemented properly. Although the

company is going to use the best and advance technology keeping the

environmental aspects in mind, the PP should undertake the social



responsibility for the villages which are within an area of 5 km and may

become the facilitator/provider/resource person for them.

Major areas for mainstreaming the community as well as the village under

CSR are:

(1) Health,

(2) Education,

(3) Economic Empowerment

(4) Environment conservation.

1. Health: Since only government hospital available within study area, the

health services do not reach to remote places, PP may provide a support

service and may organize health check-up camps like Eye check up, Blood

Test, Women’s health.

Medicines and monthly campaigns with the help of medical team may be

provided. Health awareness programmes on cleanliness, family planning,

reproductive health, TB and AIDS shall be provided to aware the villagers in

nearby area. Similar attention must be given to the livestock with proper

vaccination.

2. Education: It is to focus on improving literacy level in the age group of 5-

14.

Following intervention may be done:

a. To generate awareness among community to improve the enrolment.

b. To support in developing school infrastructure and operational expenses

like computer, Library, Books etc.

c. To make aware parents and adolescents by organisation of workshop and

exposure visit to successful adolescent education program

d. Vocational training should be given to the adolescent.

e. Support services to be provided for improving the quality of education with

Identification of appropriate teaching methodologies.



3. Economic Empowerment: In order to make the villagers self sustain Self

Help Group (SHG) groups may be made with women participation and

leadership. For this, the training and exposure should be given to villagers on

how to manage and run the SHG, and planning to expand it. Organize a

training program for a batch of 20-50 women for skill and enterprise

development.

Implementation of following micro-projects: Development of value addition groups & market linkages Debt redemption loan (revolving fund). Need based small but innovative micro projects

5. Environment Conservation: The staff and community will identify the

appropriate areas for conserving and regeneration along with the help of

experts and indigenous knowledge of the community. Tree plantation may be

done under public participation for the conservation of environment.

Developing the strategy with community/village to fight against the drought

Developing long term sustainable solution to manage their water, food and

fodder in drought situation, seasons, Promote community initiatives to cope

with harsh climatic conditions and situation

Reviving their traditional source of drinking water and also develop new

decentralize source with their long term sustainability solution and techniques

and also develop approach of conservation of water and management by the

local governance system (i.e. recharging water structures).

5.3.7 Green belt development:

Unit has developed the Green Belt area in about 2025.52 sq.mt in proposed

plant and land is allocated for development of this green belt. The prevailing

species will be provided in green belt area. The lay out showing the green belt

plan and the area clearly marked in Annexure 4. The local species will be

planted like neem, gulmahor, neelgiri, asopalav, sisam, mahodo, karana

(yellow, red), saru and badam etc. The estimated cost for the green belt



development will be Rs. 2,00,000/- and the recurring cost per year for green

belt will be Rs. 70,000 per annum for initial five years.

Table 5.2 The summary of Environmental Management Action Plan for Project Proponent

No. The Environmental

Management Planning Summary

Action by Project Proponent

The Estimated cost in Rs.

1 Details of storm water drainage, management and disposal of surface runoff contaminated with cement dust, measures proposed to avoid contamination of the storm water as well as restricting the contaminated storm water not allowing it to flow out of premises.

The Project Proponent will required to select the suitable location for percolating wells within the factory premises to recharge the storm water in to the ground water strata.

Expenditure planning for recharge well will be Rs. 1,50,000/-

2 The Cleaner Production activities and commitment regarding use of hazardous waste in the process

The Project Proponent need to explore the use of gypsum and iron sludge in the process of manufacturing cement.

The provision for the storage for the same will be provided. The estimated cost for providing storage facility will be Rs. 1,50,000/-.

3 To ensured that lime stone is obtained only from those mines having valid consent from Gujarat Pollution Control Board

The Project Proponent will need to ensure that the mine supplier will provide valid consent of Gujarat Pollution Control Board. To ask for copy of valid consent along with the offer letter.

-

4 The air pollution control system installation

PP will need to install the APCM as per the design approved by Institute

The budgetary cost for said APCM will be Rs. 17,50,000

5 The design of such APCM shall be approved / authenticated through the institutes like L.D

The design for APCM will be approved through

-



No. The Environmental

Management Planning Summary

Action by Project Proponent

The Estimated cost in Rs.

college of Engineering, NPC and institutes of similar repute.

Institutes.

6 Explore feasibility for floor sweeping of premises with vacuum cleaner device for reducing fugitive dust emission.

The Vacuum Cleaner or devise with similar principle need to be explored for floor sweeping in Cement mill section and Packing & Dispatch section.

Estimated cost for Vacuum cleaner will be Rs. 75,000

7 Detailed work area monitoring plan including the cement dust and silica dust exposure measurement and control. Plan for periodic medical examinations of the workers exposed.

The process is continuous and automatic. The workers health monitoring will be carried out by Project Proponent every six month.

Annual monitoring program will be Rs. 1,00,000/-

Proposal for socio economic upliftment activities along with time bound action plan and cost should be included.

The detailed Socio Economic Management plan is addressed in this chapter section 5.3.6

Initially the estimated cost for the CSR will be Rs. 1,50,000 per annum for two years. Such provision will be increased according to the management approvals



6. DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN (DMP)

Though risk of accidents are minimized by sound design and safe operations &

maintenance practices, but it has been observed that even after taking all such

precautions possibility of occurrence of an accident can not be fully eliminated in

such installations. There are number of accident case histories, which insist to

formulate a functional Disaster Management Plan (DMP). Therefore planning for

mitigating the effects of an accident is essential.

Mitigation of sufferings due to an accident is achieved by implementing the DMP

at the time of emergency. A DMP is prepared which includes identification of the

credible accident scenarios and assessment of the consequences of such accidents.

Accordingly the emergency operations that would be implemented in the event of

an emergency are decided. The requisites for response to an emergency are that

the response should be quick, adequate, well-devised and properly supervised.

Disaster Management Plan should be prepared in such a way so that loss

minimization, hazard control in the quickest possible time and mitigation of the

sufferings of the people during a major accident could be achieved. However it is

to be noted that Disaster Management Plan is just one aspect of achieving higher

levels of safety, which can not be considered in isolation. In particular, it is not a

substitute for maintaining good safety standards in plant operations.

6.1 Objectives of the Plan:

The disaster management plan has to be formulated with the broad objective of

safeguarding human life and minimizing human suffering & property loss by

localizing the emergency and to eliminate it as for as possible. Elimination of

impacts of a foreseeable accident requires prompt action by operators and

emergency staff using, e.g., fire-fighting equipment, shut-off valves and water

sprays. Minimizing the effects include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation

and giving information promptly to people in nearby area.



6.2 Disaster Management Team:

In order to handle disaster/emergency situations, an organizational chart entrusting

responsibility to various plant personnel has been prepared with their specific

roles during emergency. The organizational chart which should be reviewed and

adopted for the plant. The possible composition of the management team is given

below:

a) Plant Manager

b) Section In charge

c) Site Controller

d) Incident Controller

e) Personnel / Administrative Manager

f) Communication Officer

g) Officer

h) Transport Co-Ordinator

I. Section In charge:

a) To determine level of emergency

b) To inform higher authorities in the organization as well as appropriate

authorities depending upon the level of emergency.

c) To give technical advice to Incident Controller and Officer to deal with the

situation

II. Site Controller:

a) Assess the magnitude of the situation and decide if staff needs to be

evacuated from their assembly points to identified safer places.

b) Exercise direct operational control over areas other than those affected.

c) Undertake a continuous review of possible developments and assess in

consultation with key personnel as to whether shutting down of the plant or

any section of the plant and evacuation of personnel are required

d) Liaison with senior officials of Police, Fire Bridge, Medical & Factories

Inspector and provide advice on possible effects on areas outside the factory

premises.



e) Look after rehabilitation of affected persons on discontinuation of

emergency. Issue authorized statements to news media and ensure that

evidence is preserved for inquiries to be conducted by the statutory

authorities.

III. Incident Controller:

a) Direct all operations to stop within the affected area taking into

consideration priorities for safety to personnel, minimize damage to the

plant, property and environment and minimize loss of materials.

b) Provide advice and information to the officers, the local fire service and

Personnel/ Administrative Manager.

c) Ensure that all non-essential workers/ staff of the area affected are evacuated

to the appropriate assembly points and the areas are searched for causalities.

d) Set up communication points and establish contacts with Emergency Control

System (ECC) in the event of failure of electric supply and thereby Public

Address (PAS) and internal telephones.

e) Report on all significant developments to the Communication Officers.

f) Have regard to the need to preserve the evidence so as to facilitate any

enquiry into the cause and circumstances, which caused or escalated the

emergency.

IV. Personnel/Administrative Manager:

a) To ensure that causalities receive adequate attention arranges additional help

if required and inform relatives.

b) To control traffic movements into the factory and ensure that alternative is

available when need arises.

c) When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of personnel and

organize refreshments/catering facility.

V. Communication Officer:

a) Advice the Site Controller of the situation, recommending (if necessary)

evacuation of staff from assembly points.



b) Recruit suitable staff to act as runner between the Accident Controller and

himself if the telephone and other system of communication fail. Also

maintain contact with congregation points like canteen etc.

c) Maintain prior agreed inventory in control room.

d) In case of a prolonged emergency involving risk to outside areas by wind

blown materials – contact local meteorological office to receive early

notification of change in weather conditions.

VI. Officer:

b) To instruct all the security personnel to help in maintaining law and order.

c) To ensure the systematic and proper efforts are launched to avoid chaos or

panic at site.

d) To ensure smooth evacuation, if necessary.

e) To close all gates except main gate, control traffic and allow only authorized

persons to enter the plant.

f) To arrange additional fire fighting aids from nearby factories and district

authorities.

g) To cordon off the accident area.

h) To direct external help to respective coordinators.

i) Visit by media men to be arranged only through Public Relations Co-

ordinator, circumstances responsible for emergency and convey these

findings confidentially to the Safety Co-ordinator.

j) To find out, after emergency, in co-ordination with plant co-ordinator

circumstances responsible for emergency and convey these findings

confidentially.

k) To ensure from fire officer if all the implant fire fighting and safety

materials are adequate and arrange for reinforcement from other sources if

required.

l) To keep Chief Co-ordinator informed regarding status of fire, casualties, loss

of property, methods adopted to combat fire etc.

m) To arrange for additional fire fighting crew/equipment, if required.

n) To inform Site Controller regarding casualties, loss of life.

o) To take care of rescue operation.



VII. Transport Co-Ordinator:

a) To keep ambulance along with drivers in readiness as per instructions of

Medical Co-Ordinator.

b) To keep all the vehicles and drivers in readiness and send vehicles as per

requirement of various co-ordinators.

c) To requisition vehicles from outside agencies, if required.

6.3 Available Infrastructure:

Following infrastructure and operational systems are provided to meet any

emergencies.

Emergency Control Room: This will be situated in an area away from the place of

fire and will be provided with the following facilities:

a. Master plan of the power station

b. Lay out of plan and equipment.

c. Portable gas detectors.

d. First-aid boxes.

e. Gas masks

f. Telephone line with STD facility

g. Loud hailers

h. Emergency lighting system

i. Stretchers

j. Transport facility

k. Emergency control room will function as control base.

Assembly Points: Assembly points are to be set up farthest from the location of

likely hazardous events, predominated persons from the works, contractors and

visitors would assemble in case of emergency. Up-to-date list of pre-designated

employees of various departments (shift-wise) must be available these points so

that roll call could be taken. Pre-designated persons would take charge of these

points and mark presence as the people came into it.



Communication System: Different type of alarms to differentiate types of

emergencies as described below will be provided.

a. Fire or gas leakage - Normal First Siren

b. Emergency/ Evacuation - High – pitched Wailing Siren

c. All clear - Continuous Fire Siren

Alarms will be followed by an announcement over Public Address System. In

case of failure of alarm system, communication will be by telephone operator who

will make announcement in industrial complex through Public Address System,

which should be installed. Walkie-talkie and paging systems, using predetermined

codes of communication, are very useful during emergency. If everything fails, a

messenger will be used for sending the information.

Warning System and Control: The Control Systems will be located at an area of

minimum risk or vulnerability in the premises concerned, taking into account the

wind directions, areas which might be affected by fire/explosions, toxic releases,

etc. For Promptness and efficiency, the factory premises/storage sites may be

divided into number of zones, which should be clearly marked on the site plan.

6.4 Available Emergency Services:

This includes the fire-fighting system, first aid centre, hospitals etc. Alternate

sources of power supply for operating fire pumps, communication with local

bodies, fire brigade etc. will also be clearly identified. Adequate number of

external and internal telephones connections shall be installed.

Fire protection systems: The fire protection system for the plant will consist of,

a) Water spray system,

b) Sprinkler system

c) Portable carbon-dioxide extinguishers



6.5 Off Site Plan

In the action & responsibilities expected from concerned government department

are listed below.

Police department: warning and advice in the effected areas. Use mike fitted van.

Get ready with the message to announced

a) Regulation and diverting traffic

b) Maintaining laws and order in the area.

c) Ensuring security of the belonging of the evacuees.

d) Coordination with the transport authorities.

e) Coordination with civil defence & home guards as required.

f) Coordination with Army, navy, Air force as required.

g) Coordination with local fire services.

h) Arrange for post-mortem of dead bodies as required.

i) Establish communication centre.

Health Family welfare department

a) Assisting in handling medical cases in the effected area.

b) Distribution of preventive medicine in the effected area.

Medical department

a) Setup temporary medical camp

b) Ensuring medical facilities to site & neighbourhood areas

c) Arranging for casualties to be sent to government / private hospitals

d) Coordinate the activates of the primary health centre & municipal dispensary

to ensure required quantity of drugs & equipments

e) Securing assistance of medical & paramedical personnel from nearby hospital

/ institutions.

f) Temporary mortuary and identification of dead bodies.



Revenue department a) Evacuation of personnel from the effected area

b) Arrangements at rallying posts & parking yards.

c) Rehabilitation of evacuated person

d) Coordination with other agencies such as police, medical, animal husbandry,

agriculture, electricity board, fire services, home guards-civil decencies

e) Nominate a press officer

f) Establishing shelters for rescue, medical, fire fighting personnel etc.

Fire services department

a) Assist in fire fighting - mobilize required fire engines

b) Rendering assistance for fire fighting.

110

EIA Consultant and Expert Details (Please refer Chapter 1, section 1.10)

Environmental Co-ordinator Firm Name: Vasudev Associates Name: Snehal B. Satyapanthi Mobile no. 09909014497 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Professional Summary An Engineering Graduate with Post Graduate in Business Administration (MBA),

over 21 years of experience, having relevant experience in Environment, energy, safety. Involved in corporate management decision making process for the area of

environment, energy at Nirma Limited Extensive experience in conducting environmental impact assessment study for

Infrastructure projects; Industrial projects etc, environment audits, design & commissioning of effluent treatment plants

Competency in devising significant solutions, for maintaining sound environmental and safety conditions

Excellent communication, presentation and relationship management skills. Education 1989 B.E. (Environment) from L. D. College of Engineering, Gujarat University 1999 Executive Diploma Program in Finance from Nirma University 2004 MBA from B. K. School of Business Management Gujarat University Areas of Exposure/Expertise Working as an Environmental Consultant for Sustainable and Environmental Solution to Industrial, Commercial and residential sector having gross experience of 20 years, including management work experience at Nirma Limited for 12 years in Environmental Management Cell at Corporate Office. About 6 years of experience at M/s Chokhavatia Associates for industrial effluent solution. Environmental Management System Devising result-oriented measures in sustainable growth, environment, conserving

energy, water etc. Coordinating with external surveillance auditors for initiating relevant actions for

corrective & preventive actions in case of non compliance of norms. Finding the reasons and remedies for level of air, noise, solid & hazardous waste, water

pollution and initiating need-based measures in case they supersede the pre-set parameters.

Conducting internal audits to ensure all operations are executed within the set environmental stipulations.

Executing waste management measures for optimum utilization of resources by way of re-use, re-cycle, changing the properties for its safe use, or safe disposal

Career Highlights Environment Conducting EIA work for Infrastructure projects and Industrial projects Providing Environmental Management System for Infrastructure projects and Industrial

projects Designing, commissioning the industrial ETPs and trouble shooting of the ETPs.

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Modification, up-gradation, revamping, and de-bottlenecking of existing Effluent Treatment plants, sewage treatment plants

Effectively handled designing of treatment facilities and evaluation, verification and justification for input parameters

Techno-commercial negotiations for the jobs Successfully commissioned more than 100 effluent treatment plants between 1990-1996 Designed over 150 ETPs of capacity from 10 cu.m./d to a flow of about 10,000 cu.m./d

worth Rs. 22 crores Preparing feasibility report for ETPs with details about the setup, process waste details,

CP/CT feasibility, waste treatment options, economics of treatment, financial aspects, summary

Coordinated the construction activities of Effluent Treatment Plant of 150 cu.m./day with 15,000 CODin for Oman Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals LLC, Al Buraimi, Oman.

Involved in Due Diligence for M/s Core HealthCare Ltd., Sachana and also prepared the Environmental Due Diligence

Effectively handling mattes pertaining to energy, environment, cosmetics, petroleum & explosives storage, safety etc along with all techno-legal and government formalities

Systems coordinator for ISO 9001:2000 activities Technical Liaisioning with various government authorities such as DoEF, MoEF, CPCB,

GPCB, Director of Industrial Safety & Health, Department Explosives, Food & Drugs Control Administration Office, Chief Electrical Inspector, GERC, Electricity Boards, ERDA and NGO etc

Involved in work out the techno-financial viability for UASB/UAF projects Efficiently designed along with the specification and erection, commissioning of largest

Toilet Soap wastewater treatment plant. Co-ordinated complete activities in design, finalizing specifications & purchasing

equipment, installation and construction and commissioning two sewage treatment plants in Nirma sites.

Obtained the feasibility study report on re-use of Glycerine Foots (Hazardous waste) on land as soil conditioner and carbon sources, from Gujarat Agriculture University(GAU), Dantiwada, North Gujarat, after conducting the 3 year study by Ph. D students of the GAU.

Obtained certification and report from Gujarat Agricultural university, Anand for adequacy of safe disposal of treated effluent from proposed Petrochemical Complex at Vadodara

Instrumental in the establishment of environmental management system at two large scale and two small scale units, and was also involved in the EMS for chemical complex with products such as LAB, Detergents, Fatty Acid Toilet Soap, Sulphuric Acid, Soda Ash etc

Effectively trained the staff on EMS for the group of companies manufacturing corrugated box paper

Co-ordinated to develop green land and scenic site out of a barren land through innovative techniques

Energy: Achieved energy saving of @ Rs. 3.00 crores per annum for total bills of @ Rs. 75 crores

per annum contributing to @ 4 % savings and average pay back period of 8-9 months on investing

Successfully secured waiver order of POC levied by GEB having an implication of Rs. 8 crores in year 2003, in consultation with Industry Association advocate.

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Handling the overall wind farm site including operations, troubleshooting and maintenance including preparation of the Wind Power project viability for management decision-making processes.

Safety: Coordinated and independently conducted safety audits Planning, implementing Safety Management

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Resume of Functional Expert

Mr./Ms./Mrs.

Dr. DHARMISHTHA JITRNDRAKUMAR MAVANI (First Name) (Middle Name) (Last Name)

1. Role in the Organization: i) (a) EIA Coordinator ii) (a) Functional Expert (b) Functional Experts: Ecology, Aquatic Terrestrial Flora and Fauna including Bio

Diversity 2. Date of Birth 01/07/1977 3. Home address:

_______________________________________________________________ Pin Code- 4. Tel. No. 5. Fax No. 6. Email address 7. Office address:

8. Tel. No. 09909014497 9. Fax No. -- 10. Email address [email protected] 11. Mailing address ________________________________________________________ As above Address ________________________________________________________

Home Office

√

114

12. General Education (Senior Secondary)

Period Board Qualification Educational Institution & Address Subjects Grade

March1992

March 1994

Gujarat

Secondary Education

Board

Gujarat Higher

Secondary Education

Board

S.S.C

H.S.C.

Ahmedabad, Gujarat Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Maths Science English

Gujarati

Maths Physics

Chemistry Biology English

Distinction

2nd Class

13. Technical Education (Graduation & above):

Period Institution Name & Address Qualification Subjects Grade

1997

C.U. Shah Science College

Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Bachelor of Science

Biology

2nd Class

1999 Gujarat University (School of Science)

Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Master of Science Botany B+


Ahmedabad, Gujarat M. Phil Botany Distinction


Ahmedabad, Gujarat Ph. D. Botany --

14. Registered / recognized training courses attended: S.

No. Title of the

Course Conducted / Organized by

(Name & Address) Dates Result From To

1 Data Entry Operator

Directorate of Employee & Training, Gandhinagar June-2002 Aug. - 2002 Certificate

115

15. Membership of Professional Bodies:

S. No. Professional Body (Name & Address) Membership Valid Till Grade No.

16. Experience (Please write in chronological order with present experience listed first): A. General:

Period Organization with address Department Designation *Role/Duties/

Responsibilities

2009 M/s. Vasudev Associates Environment Expert

Renaissance Industries, Bhavnagar. Proposed unit, study for Flora & Fauna in 10 km radius area.

PLEASE SEE ATTACHMENT - A

B. Related to Environmental Impact Assessment:

Period Organization with address Department Designation *Role/ Duties/

Responsibilities

2009 M/s. Vasudev Associates Environment Expert

Renaissance Industries, Bhavnagar. Proposed unit, study for Flora & Fauna in 10 km radius area.

* Specific Role (like EIA Preparation Team or Client of EIA)

116

Resume

Functional Expert

1. Mr./Ms./Mrs. Bharat kumar Kacharabhai Patel (First Name) (Middle Name) (Last Name)

1. Role in the Organization: i) (a) EIA Coordinator ii) (a) Functional Expert√ (b) Sector/ s________________ (b) Area of Expertise Socio Economy

2. Date of Birth:- 8th May 1977 3. Home address:-

4. Tel. No. Fax No. -_________________________ 6. Email address 7. Office address B – 401, Angel Complex, near Hotel Oasis, Sardar Patel Stadium

Circle, Navrangpura,

Ahmedabad Pin Code 380014

8. Tel. No. 079-264044979 Fax No. _________________ 10. Email address 11. Mailing address At above places

Home Office

117


Period Board Qualification Educational Institution & Address Subjects Grade


Period Institution Name & Address Qualification Subjects Grade

1998 2001 2001 2008

Commerce Collage Modasa, North Gujarat University Mahadevbhai Desae MahaVidhyalay Sadara, Gujarat Vidhyapith Mahadevbhai Desae MahaVidhyalay Sadara Gujarat Vidhyapith Mahadevbhai Desae MahaVidhyalayRadheja Gujarat Vidhyapith

B.Com MRM M.Phil Working on the doctoral thesis

Commerce Rural Management Rural Management

49% 61% 61%

14. Registered / recognized training courses attended:

No. Title of the Course

Conducted / Organized by (Name & Address)

Dates Result From To 1 2 3

South Asia Study Tour: India, Bangladesh 24th Nov 2009

Commonwealth Heads of Government (CHOGM),

Trinidad & Tobago People's Leadership in Disaster Recovery: Rights,

Commonwealth Foundation UK Commonwealth Foundation UK Community Organization Development Institute (Public Organization)

22nd Sept 2009 24th Nov 2009 30 Oct 2006

29th Sept 2009 27 Nov 2009 1 Nov 2006

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No. Title of the Course

Conducted / Organized by (Name & Address)

Dates Result From To 4 5 6 7

Resilience and Empowerment National Training Course to integrate Risk Reduction into coastal Management in India

WORKSHOP

“SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF MARINE PROTECTED AREA IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIA: DO FISHING COMMUNITIES BENEFIT workshop on Biodiversity and Environmental Governance in Delhi “India’s Coastal and Marine Environment – Planning for the Future”

Center for Environment Education International Collective in Support of Fishworkers Organised by Winrock International India (WII) and the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) in partnership with the Swedish International Biodiversity Programme (SwedBio), with financial support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) Greenpeace India

20th July 2009 21 Jan 2009

4th Dec 2006

8th oct 2007

23rd July 2009 22 Jan 2009 5th Dec 2006 10th 2007

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No. Professional Body (Name & Address) Membership Valid Till Grade No. 1 2

Member of National Coastal Protection Campaign Member of the executive committee of the National Fish worker Forum.

1

2007 t0 Till 2007 -2010

16. Experience (Please write in chronological order with present experience listed first): A. General:

Period Organization with address Department Designation *Role/Duties/

Responsibilities 1 2

Abhiyan MASS(Machhimar Adhikar Sangersh Sangathan)

Setu Program Trade Union

Coordinator 2002 To 2008 General Secretary

To work with the fishing communities across Kutch & Jamnagar & Okhamandal in Gujarat on their right based issues & social development issues

To stay & grow with the civil society through working for the sustainable development of the marginalized communities.

B. Related to Environmental Impact Assessment:

Period Organization with address Department Designation *Role/ Duties/

Responsibilities 1

Kutch Navnirman Abhiyan And FishmarC

- Research Coordinator

Conduct Study Kutch Coast –People,, Environment & Livelihoods


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17. Declaration by applicant I attest that the above information relating to my education and experience is correct. I do understand that any incorrect information will result in disqualification of self and organizational accreditation with NABET.

Signature Date 16/07/2010

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Resume

Functional Expert

Resume Format

(For EIA Coordinator / Functional Expert)

Mr. / Ms. / Mrs. Nirzar Ajay Lakhia

1. Role in the Organization i) (a) EIA Coordinator ii) (a) Functional Expert √ (b) Sector/s Please refer Annexure III-A, (b) Area of Expertise Land

Use, Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation, Geology & Soil

2. Date of Birth 20th December 1976

3. Home address A/1 Sona Duplex, 190 Nehrupark society, near Vastrapur Fountain

Ahmedabad – 380015 Gujarat India

4. Tel. No. 09825647127

5. Fax No. --

6. Email address [email protected]

7. Office address C/o Vasudev Associates, B-401, Angel Complex, near Hotel Oasis, Sardar Patel Stadium circle, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380014

8. Tel. No. 079-26404497

9. Fax No. -

10. Email address [email protected]

11. Mailing address (Home / Office) A/1 Sona Suplex, 190 Nehrupark society, near Vastrapur Fountain, Ahmedabad – 380015 Gujarat India


Period Board Qualification

Educational Institution &

Address

Subjects

Grade

March 1993 GSEB, Gujarat. HSC GLS, Law Garden Ahmedabad -- Second Class

March 1990 GSEB, Gujarat. SSC GLS, Law Garden Ahmedabad -- Second Class


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Period Educational Institution &

Address

Qualification

Subjects

Grade

April 2005 IIRS, Dehradun PGD Geoinformatics in HRA First class

April 2000 M G Science Institute,

Gujarat University

M.Sc. Geology Second Class

April 1998 M G Science Institute,

Gujarat University.

B.Sc. Geology Second Class

14. Registered / recognized training courses attended:

Sr.

No

Title of the Course Conducted / Organized by

(Name & Address)

Dates Result

From To

Boston Institute: AutoCAD 2D and 3D course. (August 1995)

UPTRON Geophysical logging (Oct. 2000)

AMETURE WIRELESS RADIO (HAMS) (2001)


Sr.

No

Professional Body (Name & Address)

Membership Valid Till

Grade No.

Life membership : Indian National Cartographic Association

Life membership : Geographical Society of India

Life membership : Indian Society of Geomatics

16. Experience (Please write in chronological order with present experience listed first):

A. General :

Period Organization

with

address

Department

Designation

*Role/Duties/

Responsibilities

April 2000 – April 2004

Supreme Creatives Pvt Ltd.

Geophysical Logging

Manager My duties in particular include preparation of Groundwater potential maps and 3D models using existing well data through GIS softwares, carrying out Surface resistivity survey and subsurface Geophysical Mudlogging for Groundwater [Resistivity (N16/64), SPR (Single Point Resistance), SP (Self-Potential) and Lateral Logging] and to prepare Lithologs. Supervising Drilling works, pipe lowering, Gravel packing, pump test etc. at site and Management of the projects was also a part of my duty.

June 2005 – july 2007

CEPT university GIS Division Research Associate

My nature of duty involves taking lectures of ‘1st and 2nd year Town Planning’, ‘Landscape Architecture’ and ‘2nd year Geo-informatics’ students. Programme Co-ordinator for short term training programmes in Remote Sensing & GIS

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July 2007 – April 2010

SERI Academics Co-ordinator

Coordinator of all educational activities

B. Related to Environmental Impact Assessment :

Period Organization with address

Department

Designation

*Role/Duties/ Responsibilities

May 2004 - Till Date

Precitech Laboratories, Aamir Complex, GIDC Char Rasta, Vapi, Gujarat.

GIS mapping and Modeling

Associated Freelance Consultant

Preparation of environmental models and maps like landuse, ecological, meteorological, groundwater and related subsurface lithological maps.

May 2007 – Dec. 2007

CEPT, Ahmedabad

Environmental Planning

Planning Associate

GIS mapping and Modeling for Ahmedabad and surrendranagar area.

June 2009 till date

Vasudev Associates, B-401, Angel Complex, near Hotel Oasis, Sardar Patel Stadium circle, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380014

Land Use mapping for EIA studies, Ground Water Studies

Associated as an Empanelled Expert

To prepare the land use map and classification for 10 km and 500 m radius study areas for different EC related EIA studies. Made presentation for Ground Water assessment study at MoEF for Saurastra Chemicals Limited.


17. Declaration by applicant

I attest that the above information relating to my education and experience is correct. I do understand that any

incorrect information will result in disqualification of self and organizational accreditation with NABET.

Signature Date

26-05-2011

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